2022-2023年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Whatdidtheresearchersdotoparticipantsintheexperiments?

A.Theyputonamagicperformancetotheparticipants.

B.Theydivertedtheparticipants'attentionanddisruptedtheirchoosing.

C.Theychangedthethingsparticipantschosewithouttheirnoticing.

D.Theyaddedconfusiontothetwooptionstheparticipantsfaced.

2.Fromthequizresearchersfindthatmostpeoplearequiteconfidentabouttheirfeelingsinthe______.

3.

Itappearsthatbeingflexibleinworkpatterns,telecommuterstendtobe______inefficiencythantheiroffice-basedcounterparts.

4.

Onereasonthatteacherswoulddrivestudentstosportsfieldliesinthatitwillprobablyhelptoexhaustthechildrensothattheycansitstillinclass.

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5.TopeoplelivingintheArctic,themeltingofsomeglaciersmaypermitnewopportunitiesfor______.

6.

Mistakesinglobalmarketingcanbeembarrassinglyhumorous,butwillinevitablyweakenacompany'spositioninthemarket.

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7.

Morethantwodecadesago,peopleshowedmuchconcernovertheethicalissuesinvolving"test-tubebabies".

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8.

Hedonicadaptationmeanspeoplealwaysreturntotheirusuallevelofhappinessafterthetemporarysatisfaction.

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9.GENETICALLYMODIFIEDFOODS

Aregeneticallymodifiedcropsanenvironmentaldreamcome-trueoradisasterinthemaking?Scientistsarelookingforanswers.

Theworldseemsincreasinglydividedintothosewhofavorgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsandthosewhofearthemAdvocatesassertthatgrowinggeneticallyalteredcropscanbekindertotheenvironmentandthateatingfoodsfromthoseplantsisperfectlysafe.And,theysaygeneticengineeringwhichcaninduceplantstogrowinpoorsoilsortoproducemorenutritiousfoodswillsoonbecomeanessentialtoolforhelpingtofeedtheworld'sburgeoningpopulation.SkepticscontendthatGMcropscouldposeuniqueriskstotheenvironmentandtohealthriskstootroublingtoacceptplacidly,Takingthatview,manyEuropeancountriesarerestrictingtheplantingandimportationofGMagriculturalproducts.Muchofthedebatehingesonperceptionsofsafety.Butwhatexactlydoesrecentscientificresearchsayaboutthehazards?Theanswers,toooftenlostinreportsonthecontroversy,areservedupinthepagesthatfollow.

TwoyearsagoinEdinburgh,Scotland,eco-vandalsstormedafield,crushingcanolaplants.LastyearinMaine,midnightraidershackeddownmorethan3000experimentalpoplartrees.AndinSunDiego,protesterssmashedsorghumandsprayedpaintovergreenhousewalls.

Thisfar-flungoutragetookaimatgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Buttheprotestsbackfired:allthedestroyedplantswereconventionallybred.Ineachcase,activistsmistookordinaryplantsforGMvarieties.

It'seasytounderstandwhy.Inaway,GMcrops—nowonsome109millionacresoffarmlandworldwide—areinvisible.Youcan'tsee,tasteortouchageneinsertedintoaplantorsenseitseffectsontheenvironment.Youcan'ttell,justbylooking,whetherpollencontainingaforeigngenecanpoisonbutterfliesorfertilizeplantsmilesaway.Thatinvisibilityispreciselywhatworriespeople.How,exactly,willGMcropsaffecttheenvironment—andwhenwillwenotice?

AdvocatesofGM,ortransgenic,cropssaytheplantswillbenefittheenvironmentbyrequitingfewertoxicpesticidesthanconventionalcrops.Butcriticsfearthepotentialrisksandwonderhowbigthebenefitsreallyare."Wehavesomanyquestionsabouttheseplants,"remarksGuentherStotzky,asoilmicrobiologistatNewYorkUniversity."There'salotwedon'tknowandneedtofindout."

AsGMcropsmultiplyinthelandscape,unprecedentednumbersofresearchershavestartedfanningintothefieldstogetthemissinginformation.Someoftheirrecentfindingsarereassuring;otherssuggestaneedforvigilance.

FewerPoisonsintheSoil?

EveryyearU.S.growersshowercropswithanestimated971millionpoundsofpesticides,mostlytokillinsects,weedsandfungi.Butpesticideresidueslingeroncropsandthesurroundingsoil,leachingintogroundwater,runningintostreamsandgettinggobbledupbywildlife.Theconstantchemicaltrickleisanoldworryforenvironmentalists.

Inthemid-1990sagribusinessesbeganadvertisingGMseedsthatpromisedtoreduceafarmer'suseoftoxicpesticides.TodaymostGMcrops-mainlysoybean,com,cottonandcanola-containgenesenablingthemtoeitherresistinsectpestsortolerateweed-killingherbicides.Theinsect-resistantvarietiesmaketheirowninsecticide,apropertymeanttoreducetheneedforchemicalsprays.Theherbicidetoleranttypessurvivewhenexposedtobroad-spectrumweedkillers,potentiallyallowingfarmerstoforgomorepoisonouschemicalsthattargetspecificweedspecies.Farmerstolimittheuseofmorehazardouspesticideswhentheycan,butGMcropsalsoholdappealbecausetheysimplifyoperations(reducingthefrequencyandcomplexityofpesticideapplications)and,insomecases,increaseyields.

&

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10.Whyisitimportanttorealizeandhandlestressinapositivewaywhenitoccurs?

A.Itwillinevitablyincreaseyourbloodpressure.

B.Itmaycausephysicalproblemsifitisprolonged.

C.Itissoharmfulastocausedistress.

D.Itisparticularlyfrustrating.

11.AstotheNewfoundlandfisherycollapse,itislessatragedyofthegeneralpublicthanatragedyof______.

12.

Whatisrankedbyparentsasthegreatestthreattoboys?

A.Gangcrimes.

B.Onlinegames.

C.Extremesports.

D.Dangeroustraffics.

13.

Inadigitalcablesystem,ifthereisnokeytodecodethesignal,then,wewillonlysee______.

14.

Freud'sinfluenceon______,______and______cannotbemeasured.

15.

Usingthecontainerstotransportcankeepthegoodsclean.

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16.

Inthispassagenickelsanddimesareseenascomplementtoeachother.

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17.

Theuseofcomputersandcomputer-relatedtechnologiesaremoreandmoreimportant______.

18.

InChina,someriversaresopollutedthatfishcan'tgrowinthem.

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19.

Withoutgreenhouseeffect,Earthwouldbecolderbyabout______.

20.TheMostBeautifulCityinAmerica

IthasbeencalledthemostbeautifulcityinAmerica.Italsoisthesubjectofaverypopularbookaboutmurder.ThestoryofSavannah,Georgia,isourreporttoday.

Savannah,Georgia,isnothuge.Itisonlythe3rdlargestcityinthisSouthernstate.Ithasabout140thousandpeople.YetfewAmericancitieshaveprotectedtheirpastaswellasSavannah.Ithasbeautifuloldhouses.Ithasparkswithtreesandcolorfulflowers.AvisittoSavannahtodayshowsthatlifewaslikeintheSouthernUnitedStates200yearsago.

EnglishsettlersestablishedthecityofSavannahin1733.TheywereledbyGeneralJamesOglethorpe.GeneralOglethorpeand120settlerslandedatYamakaroobluffontheSavannahRiver.TheychosetheplaceforthecityofSavannahonahillabovetheriver.Itwas29kilometersfromtheAtlanticOcean.

GeneralOglethorpedecidedtomakeSavannahasbeautifulasacitycouldbe.Hedesignedthestreetsinanunusualway.Manydidnotcrosseachother.Instead,theyendedinlargeopensquareareas.Thereare21suchpublicsquaresinSavannah.Theyhavegrass,trees,flowersandstatues.Theyalsohaveplacesforpeopletositandenjoythebeauty.

Inthe1700sSavannahbecameabusyportcityforexportingfarmproducts.In1793Eliwhiteneywasteachingonacottonfarmnearthecity.Heinventedamachinethatremovedseedsfromthecottonplant.Untilthentheseedhadtoberemovedbyhand.Theworkwasveryhard.Eliwhiteney'sinventionwascalledthe"cottongin".Itgreatlyimprovedtheabilitytoproducecotton.

ThecottonginmadecottonthemostimportantproductintheAmericanSouth.AnditincreasedimportanceofSavannahasaportcity.Savannahbecametheworld'sleadingmarketforcotton.TheSavannahCottonExchangesetthepriceofcottonaroundtheworld.Thecitybecamerich.Richpeoplebegantobuildlargebeautifulhouses.Thecitycontinuedtogrowricheruntiltheearly1860s.ThatiswhenAmerica'sNortliemstatesfoughttherebelSouthernstatesintheCivilWar.

OneofthemostfamousNortherngeneralswasWilliamSherman.HeleduniontroopstoseizecontrolofrebelterritoryintheSouth.GeneralShermancapturedthecityofAtlanta.FromAtlantahemarchedhistroopsthroughtheheartofGeorgiatotheAtlanticOcean.ItwasknownasSherman'sMarchtotheSea.TheUniontroopsburnedallthehouses,farms,animalsandfoodsuppliesontheirway.ThepurposewastodestroypopularsupportfortherebellionoftheSouthernstates.GeneralShermansaid,"TheUnionmustmakeoldandyoung,richandpoorfeelthehardhandofwar."

ThepeopleofSavannahlearnedwhatGeneralShermanhaddonetotherestofGeorgia.Theydidnotwantthesamethingtohappentothem.Sotheyofferedtosurrendertheirbeautifulcityffhepromisednottobumit.GeneralShermanacceptedtheoffer.InDecember,1864,hescmamessagetoPresidentAbrahamLincolninWashington.Itsaid,"IbegtopresentyouasaChristmasgift—thecityofSavannah."Sherman'sgiftincluded150heavyguns,ammunitionand25thousandbalesofcotton.

TheCivilWarhurtSavannah'seconomy.Andyearsofgrowingnothingbutcottondamagedthesoil.Aninsectcalledthebollweevildestroyedtheplant.By1920,littlecottonwasleft.Duringthe1900s,manufacturingtooktheplaceofcottonfarming.Savannah'sshippingindustrycontinuedtogrow.However,manyoldhousesweretearingdown,ortheyfellapart.Onevisitorsaidthecitywaslikeabeautifulwomanwithadirtyface.

Inthe1950ssomecitizensofSavannahbecameangrywhenmoreoldhouseswerebeingthreatenedbydevelopment.Onecompanywantedtodestroyahousetobuildaparkingareaforcars.Agroupof7womendecidedtosavethehouse.Theyaskedpeopleformoney.Theycollec

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(22)

A.Heisanexperiencedpoliceofficer.

B.Hewillquithispresentjobsoonerorlater.

C.Heisagoodsupervisor.

D.Heenjoysbeingapoliceofficer.

22.

【B2】

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:I'vebeenmeaningtogetmyeyeschecked.Ijusthaven'tgottenaroundtoityet.

M:Whydon'tyoucallforanappointmentrightaway?Onceonyourcalendaryouwillgetitdone.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(12)

A.Scheduleaneyeexamwithoutdelay.

B.Makealistofwhatsheneedstodo.

C.Orderanappointmentbook.

D.Getoverherfearofeyedoctors.

24.(18)

A.Sick.B.Fine.C.Better.D.Tired.

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

(27)

A.Tohelpchildrentogutacademicachievements.

B.Toofferchildrenwhattheyneedtogetapromotion.

C.Toequipchildrenwithsocialskills.

D.Toenablechildrentoparticipateinextracurricularactivities.

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Youshouldnotfearspidersbecauseoftheirpoison.OfallthespidersinNorthAmerica,onlyonekindisverydangerousandmostwouldnotbiteeveniftheywerehandled.Theymuchprefertorunawayortodroptothegroundonathreadofsilk.Evenso,whenaspiderrunsdirectlytowardaperson,itgivestheimpressionthatitisabouttoattack.Actually,itcannotseethepersoninitsway.Thespideristooshort-sightedtoseethingsatadistance.Itonlywantstogowhereitwon'tbedisturbed.IntheUnitedStatesonekindofspiderisresponsibleforthefrighteningreputationoftherest.ItistheBlackWidow,socalledbecausethefemale,whichislargerthanthemale,ofteneatsherhusbandaftermakinglove.TheBlackWidowisfoundinallstatesbutismostcommoninthesouthandthewest.Sheconstructsaloose,irregularwebunderapileofruinsornearthefoundationsofbuildingswheresheisseldomdisturbed.Sheisnotanattackingspiderandmanypeoplehaveproventhisbylettinghercrawlovertheirhands.Whenshebites,itisusuallyinself-defense.Inspiteofthestoriesyoumayhaveheard,itisrareforapersontobebittenbyaBlackWidowandevenmoreunusualforthebitetoprovefatal.Butrememberthatherpoisonispowerfulandeventhoughsheisshy,sheshouldberespected.

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

31.Whatdowelearnaboutspidersfromthepassage?

32.WhyisthespideryoujustheardaboutcalledBlackWidow?

(27)

A.Howtohandlespiders.

B.SpidersintheUnitedStates.

C.People'sfearofspiders.

D.Aspecialkindofspider.

27.

【B3】

28.(28)

A.Hestudiedcartooning.

B.Hestayedathome.

C.Hewentabroad.

D.Heworkedforacompany.

29.听力原文：W:Markdoesn'tseemtofitintothisclass.

M:No,he'sreallyafishoutofwater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

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A.Markdoesn'tlikewater.

B.Markdoesn'tbelonghere.

C.Markislikeafish.

D.Markisinthisclass.

30.(23)

A.Acomparisonbetweenconsciousandunconsciousbehavior.patterns.

B.Recentdevelopmentsinpsychologyresearch.

C.Reasonsforcertainbehavior.patterns.

D.Reasonsforbeinglate.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Singaporeisoneoftheworld'ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofthemostsuccessfulcountries.Itseconomicgrowthhas(36)averaged8.9percentforthepast30years.Itistheworld'ssecondbusiestseaportandthird-largestoil(37)refiningcentre.

Itprospersasa(38)regionalfinancialcentre,amajor(39)electronicsmanufacturerandahuge(40)attractionfortourists—6millionin1994.Foreign(41)reservestotalmorethan$56billion.

Singaporeansenjoythehigheststandardof(42)livinginSoutheastAsiaandthesecondbestinallofAsia,afterJapan.ArecentUS(43)embassyreportsaidthe"qualityoflifeinSingaporehasreacheddevelopedcountrystandards."

Theairisnotpolluted,(44)thewaterispureandlushtropicalgreenerylinestheroads.Trashiscollectedfromeveryhouseeveryday,andmorethan90percentofthepopulationownstheirownapartments.

(45)It'sanorderlyandhighlyadministratedplaceincontrasttomanyotherAsiancitiesthatarefullofnoiseandcrowds.ThecommonviewofSingaporebyforeignersisapocket-sizebutstrongcountryineconomywithseverelawsagainstdrugs,(46)chewinggumandpurposefullydestroyingthepublicfacilities.

Singaporeisoneoftheworld'ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofthemostsuccessfulcountries.Itseconomicgrowthhas【B1】______8.9percentforthepast30years.Itistheworld'ssecond-busiestseaportandthird-largestoil【B2】______centre.

Itprospersasa【B3】______financialcentre,amajor【B4】______manufacturerandahuge【B5】______fortourists6millionin1994.Foreign【B6】______totalmorethan$56billion.

Singaporeansenjoythehigheststandardof【B7】______inSoutheastAsiaandthesecondbestinallofAsia,afterJapan.ArecentUS【B8】______reportsaidthe"qualityoflifeinSingaporehasreacheddevelopedcountrystandards."

Theairisnotpolluted,【B9】______________.Trashiscollectedfromeveryhouseeveryday,andmorethan90percentofthepopulationownstheirownapartments.

【B10】______________ThecommonviewofSingaporebyforeignersisapocket-sizebutstrongcountryineconomywithseverelawsagainstdrugs,【B11】______________

【B1】

32.(16)

A.Hedoesn'tknowDr,Jefferyverywell.

B.HethoughtDr.Jefferywouldgettheposition.

C.Hethoughtittooktoolongtomakethedecision.

D.He'snotsureDr,Jefferywillbeagoodchairperson.

33.

【B5】

34.(26)

A.560-1287.B.560-1828.C.560-2187.D.560-1288.

35.(13)

A.Jazz.

B.Classicalmusic.

C.Rockandroll.

D.Allkindsofmusic.

36.(31)

A.Theyreduceaperson'sappetite.

B.Theymakeapersonlesspersistentinfaceoftrouble.

C.Theymakeaperson'snervoussystemweak.

D.Theymakeapersonmorevulnerabletodisease.

37.听力原文：Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes.Butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours,Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious.Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeoplethough,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.

Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation-forexampleafamilyproblem,thedeathofalovedone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unlikethesecondtype,chroniclonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheirconditions.

Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson'ssocialcontacts,e.g.,friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentsandteachersgiveusguidance,andourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.

(30)

A.TypesofLoneliness.

B.CausesofLoneliness.

C.SolutionstoLoneliness.

D.Loneliness.

38.(24)

A.Becausesheisontheexecutivestaff.

B.Becausesheisfamiliarwiththecompany.

C.Becauseshehasknowledgeofmanagement.

D.Becauseshehasanoutstandingachievement.

39.(29)

A.Banksshouldintroducehigherratesforsavingstoattractcustomers.

B.Peopleofallagesareeagertoreceivesomethingfornothing.

C.TVadvertisementsaremoreeffectivethanadvertisementsinnewspapersandjournals.

D.Toadvertiseforabankisquiteatoughjob.

40.(32)

A.Forbidchildrentohavepets.

B.StopbuyingpetsfromAfrica.

C.Fightagainstmorenewdiseases.

D.Easilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogs.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducation

B.Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninentailmentattheexpenseofquality

C.thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeanCounterparts

D.Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservedtobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustasthereislow-qualitybusiness.Wehavenoobligationtosavethemsimplybecausetheyexist.

Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowaytoreducerisingcostsorincreasingrevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn'tbringinmorerevenues,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.

Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryabout.Lowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollment,theymaygounder.Effortstosavethem,andpreferablytokeepthemprivate,areanationalnecessity.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.

Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsocietydiversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.

Wehavenoobligationtosavesomeschoolbecause______.

43.

【C10】

44.

Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?

A.DistrustandFaith

B.ReadingandBelief

C.ReadingandHumanActivity

D.JudgmentandResponsibility

45.

By"functionallyilliterate",theauthorrefersto______.

46.Theselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

A.wildlifeofallkindsreturningtolargecitiestolive

B.falconsinNewYork,Baltimore,Philadelphia,andNorfolk

C.moosestumblingintoplate-glassstorefronts

D.foxesreturningtoLondon

47.

WhichmayNOTbetheconsequenceofstudents'creditcarddebt?

A.Highdrop-outrates.

B.Enterintobusinesspartnershipswithschools.

C.Commitsuicide.

D.Futureemploymentproblems.

48.

Thephrase"onceinabluemoon"inlastlinerefersto______.

A.allatonce

B.onceforalongtime

C.onceinawhile

D.onceandforall

49.Whyaretoday'soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

A.Becausetheymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintax,butyoungergenerationwillpossiblyhandovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningsforthecareofthem.

B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients–tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.

Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancomingforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaform.ofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheprognosis?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?

Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient'sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:"Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortroth'ssake,andthatis'asfaraspossibledonoharm'."

Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill"donoharm"andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyiiiandthedying.

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttobestowisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedication,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe"help"hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception:theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandmakethemunabletodecideoninformedchoicesconcerningtheirhealth.

Thefollowingaregreaterneedsthanhonesty,exceptfor______.

A.theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsofseriousillness

B.theneedtoupholdapromiseofsecrecy

C.theneedtogoonvacation

D.theneedtopromotepu