2022-2023年山东省青岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年山东省青岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Thereisnotmuchchangeintheweatherinthetropicalrainforestsalltheyearround.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.HowEarthquakesWork

Anearthquakeisoneofthemostterrifyingphenomenathatnaturecandishup.Wegenerallythinkofthegroundwestandonas"rock-solid"andcompletelystable.Butanearthquakecanshatterthatperceptioninstantly.Upuntilrelativelyrecently,scientistsonlyhadunsubstantiatedguessesastowhatactuallycausedearthquakes.Eventodaythereisstillacertainamountofmysterysurroundingthem,butscientistshaveamuchclearerunderstanding.Therehasbeenenormousprogressinthepastcentury:Scientistshaveidentifiedtheforcesthatcauseearthquakes,anddevelopedtechnologythatcantellusanearthquake'smagnitudeandorigin.Thenexthurdleistofindawayofpredictingearthquakes.

ShakingGround

Anearthquakeisavibrationthattravelsthroughtheearth'scrust.Technically,alargetruckthatrumblesdownthestreetiscausingamini-earthquake,ifyoufeelyourhouseshakingasitgoesby,butwetendtothinkofearthquakesaseventsthataffectafairlylargearea,suchasanentirecity.Allkindsofthingscancauseearthquakes:

-volcaniceruptions

-meteor(流星)impacts

-undergroundexplosions(anundergroundnucleartest,forexample)

-collapsingstructures(suchasacollapsingmine)

Butthemajorityofnaturally-occurringearthquakesarecausedbymovementsoftheearth'splates,aswe'llseeinthenextsection.

Weonlyhearaboutearthquakesinthenewseveryonceinawhile,buttheyareactuallyaneverydayoccurrenceonourplanet.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,morethanthreemillionearthquakesoccureveryyear.That'sabout8000aday,oroneevery11seconds!Thevastmajorityofthese3millionquakesareextremelyweak.

SlidingPlates

Thebiggestscientificbreakthroughinthehistoryofseismology(地震学)—thestudyofearthquakescameinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,withthedevelopmentofthetheoryofplatetectonics(板块构造).Thebasictheoryisthatthesurfacelayeroftheearth—thelithosphere—iscomprisedofmanyplatesthatslideoverthelubricatingmantle(地幔)layer.Attheboundariesbetweenthesehugeplatesofsoilandrock,threedifferentthingscanhappen:

-Platescanmoveapart—Iftwoplatesaremovingapartfromeachother,hot,moltenrockflowsupfromthelayersofmantlebelowthelithosphere.

-Platescanpushtogether—Ifthetwoplatesaremovingtowardeachother,oneplatetypicallypushesundertheotherone.Atsomeboundarieswheretwoplatesmeet,neitherplateisinapositiontosubductundertheother,sotheybothpushagainsteachothertoform.mountains.

-Platesslideagainsteachother—Atotherboundaries,platessimplyslidebyeachother—theyarepushedtightlytogether.Agreatdealoftensionbuildsattheboundary.

Wheretheseplatesmeet,you'llfindfaults—breaksintheearth'scrustwheretheblocksofrockoneachsidearemovingindifferentdirections.Earthquakesaremuchmorecommonalongfaultlinesthantheyareanywhereelseontheplanet.

Faults

Scientistsidentifyfourtypesoffaults,characterizedbythepositionofthefaultplane,thebreakintherockandthemovementofthetworockblocks:

-Inanormalfault(seeanimationbelow),thefaultplaneisnearlyvertical.Thesefaultsoccurwherethecrustisbeingpulledapart,duetothepullofadivergentplateboundary.

-Thefaultplaneinareversefaultisalsonearlyvertical,butthehangingwallpushesupandthefootwallpushesdown.Thissortoffaultformswhereaplateisbeingcompressed.

-Athrustfaultmovesthesamewayasareversefault,butthefaultlineisnearlyhorizontal.Thisisthesortoffaultthatoccursinaconvergingplateboundary.

-In

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

reductioninpesticideusehasbeenreported.

4.

"WhatGianniAgnelliofFiatwastoItaly"referredinthepassageimplies______.

A.Mr.Tata'suncleisimportanttoIndia

B.TataAirlinesisimportanttoIndia

C.Mr.Tata'suncleisdispensabletoIndia

D.TataAirlinesisdispensabletoIndia

5.

Fullerwon______in1954forhisachievementinthe42-footcardboardshelter.

6.

Somemiddle-agedpeopletendtosufferfromBiochemicaldepressionwhichmightresultfrom______withinthebrain.

7.

Tobabiesfrombirthtosixmonthsofage,thepreferredfoodis______asitcontainsmanyprotectiveandimmunologicalfactors.

8.

Youcanchangethesoundofyourmusictobecomemoreprofessionalbyadding______.

9.Ifaworker'spoliticalconversationsannoyhiscolleagues,thebossshould______.

A.firehimforhisimproperbehaviour

B.trytostophimbylookingdownuponhim

C.directlyexpresshis/herangertotheworker

D.advisehimtoholdthematnon-worktime

10.

AnE-languagelearningsystemcalledChengoishopefultohelpchildrenlearnChineseforthissoftwarecaptures___________withstories,gamesandanimationsbasedonthe2008Olympics.

11.

Sincethebeginningoffileyear,thewon,SouthKorea'scurrencyhadfallen______againsttileU.S.Dollar.

12.

Thegovernmenthastodecidehowtoarrangepeople'sassetsifthey______.

13.

Belowthecanopylevelofatropicalrainforestgrowsanoverabundanceofplants.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Accordingtotheactualsituationofthepatientsandthearrivaltime,nursesdecidewhocomesintotheemergencyroom.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Exceptforitspowertolinkthebankmobilephoneisabletoenhancemoney'sutilityowingtoits______.

16.Ifyouwanttogiveupajobwholesale,youshouldevaluate______fromit.

17.MostcomputerusershavesymptomsofCVSbecauseof______.

A.dry,red,orburningeyesandblurredordoublevision

B.glare,poorlightingandimproperworkstationsetup

C.notkeepingtheirmonitortwofeetawayfromthem

D.notusingacomputerthatprotectstheireyes

18.

WhentheAmericanmodelgoesintoothercountries,peoplealwayswelcomethechanges.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.Thepropertemperatureforstoringbooksis______.

20.Howfarwaterdropstotheturbinesinapowerstationisknownas______.

A.theheads

B.theflowrate

C.theverticaldistance

D.theheights

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(36)

A.Itshouldbeassimilatedthoroughly.

B.Itshouldbeenclosedinquotationmarks.

C.Itshouldbeparaphrasedbytheauthors.

D.Itshouldbeauthorizedbythesource.

22.(32)

A.Itwouldmakeleisureactivitiesexpensive.

B.Itwouldcreatemuchmorefreetime.

C.Itwouldmaketheworkdaylonger.

D.Itwouldallowpeopletoworkontheweekend.

23.听力原文：W:Hi,Tom.

M:Kate,Ihaven'tseenyouforweeks.Wherehaveyoubeen?

W:InFlorida.

M:What?VacationingwhiletherestofushavebeenstudyingonthecampusintheFebruarycold?

W:Notexactly.Ispentmostofmytimeunderwater.

M:Idon'tunderstand.

W:Iwasonaspecialfieldtrip.Iwentwithmymarinebiologyclass.

M:Soyouwentscubadiving.Whatwereyoulookingfor,sunkentreasure?

W:Youmightsayso.Theseaisfulloftreasures.Allkindsofstrange,fascinatingorganisms.Ourclassconcentratedonstudyingplankton.

M:Ithoughttheyweretoosmalltobeseen.

W:That'sacommonmisconception.Theplanktoncoversawidevarietyoffreelyfloatingplantsandanimals.Fromone-celledorganismstolargeones,suchasthecommonjellyfish.

M:Jelly-fishmaybelargeenoughtobeseen.Buttheyaretransparent,aren'tthey?

W:Yes,mostfloatingplantsandanimalshavetransparenttissues.Itmakesthempracticallyinvisibletotheirenemies.

M:Butnotinvisibletoyourbiologyclass,Ihope.

W:Byconcentrating,Iwasabletoseetheoutlinesoflotsofdifferentplantsandanimals,Infact,ourprofessoreventookphotoofsomesmalloceanicsnails.

M:Howwouldthesnailsshowupinthephotoiftheyaretransparent?

W:Wepaintedthemwithaharmlessgreendye.Sinceparticlesofthedyestucktothetissues,thesnailsappearedinagreenoutlineinthephotos.

M:Thatsoundslikeaninterestingtrip.

W:Itreallywas.

M:ButIthinkifIhadbeenthere,I'dmuchratherhavespentmytimejustswimmingandlyinginthesun.

(20)

A.Sightseeing.

B.Lyingonthebeach.

C.Takingphotosofthebeaches.

D.Scubadiving.

24.听力原文：M:Ileftfivepagesheretobecopied.Here'sthereceipt.

W:I'msorry,sir,butwe'realittlebehind.Couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

(14)

A.Helpthewomanlookforthecopies.

B.Spendafewminuteslookingoverthework.

C.Returnlaterforthecopies.

D.Makehisowncopies.

25.(35)

A.Checkyournumberandcallagain.

B.Telltheoperatorwhathashappened.

C.Asktheoperatortoputyouthrough.

D.Asktheoperatorwhathashappened.

26.【B2】

27.(47)

28.

【B4】

29.听力原文：Itisoftensaidthatthegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Perhapsthisiswhysomepeoplefrequentlymovearound,lookingforbetterjobs,houses,andsoon.Nodoubtitispossibletomakesomeadvantagesinthisway,butIbelievethatstayinginoneplace,puttingdownrootsinonecommunity,alsohasmanyadvantages.ThatiswhyIwouldprefertospendmylifeinoneplaceratherthanceaselesslymovingaroundsearchingforperfection.

OneadvantageofspendingalifetimeinthesamecommunityisthatIcanenjoylongrelationshipwithmyfriendsandneighbors.Astheserelationshipsmature,myneighborsandIwillcometotrustanddependoneachothermore.Insuchacommunity,Iwillneverneedtoworrywhenintrouble;thereisalwaysahelpinghandnearby.Anotheradvantageisthatwhenweliveinthesamecommunitywewillcaremoreabouttheneighborhoodandworkhardtoimproveit.Thiscreatesanicerplaceforeveryonetolive.Finally,whileweshouldneverstoptryingtoimproveourselves.Itissometimesbettertoappreciatetheadvantageswealreadyhavethanconstantlyseekingmore.Apersonwhoisalwaysseekingwillneverbecontent.

Inbrief,Iwouldprefertohaveapermanenthomeinonecommunityratherthancontinuouslyuprootmyselfandmyfamilyinsearchofsomethingbetter.Ibelievethatwhenwecareabouttheplacewherewelivewecanalwaysfindawaytoimproveitandourselves.InthefutureIwillremembertoappreciatethegrassonmysideofthefence.

(30)

A.Apersonwhoisalwaysseekingwillneverbecontent.

B.Wecareabouttheplacewherewelive.

C.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.

D.Itissometimesbettertoappreciatetheadvantageswealreadyhavethanconstantlyseekingmore.

30.听力原文：M:Hereweare.ThisistheNationalPalaceMuseum.Whatareyouespeciallyinterestedinseeing?

W:It'shardtosay.Infact,IknowverylittleaboutChineseartandhistory.Butcanyougivemesomedetailsaboutthisbuilding?

M:It'sbuiltintheclassicalChinesestyle,withacurvedroof.

W:Whatarethoselittlestatuesontheroof?

M:Intheolddaystheywereusedtocoverthenailsthatheldtherooftogether,becausetheroofsweremadeofwood.Nowadays,thestatuesarejustfordecoration.

W:That'sthesamestyle.roofastheconcerthallwevisitedyesterday,right?ItseemslikeI'veseenitbefore.

M:Right.Thestylesarethesame,butasyoucansee,thecolorsaredifferent.TheMuseumisyellow,whichstandsfortheemperor.

W:Hmm.HowdidtheMuseumgetsuchalargecollection?

M:Thisartcollectionwastheemperors'.ButitwastakenoverbytheNationalistsin1924.

W:Howoldisthecollection?

M:Someofthebronzepiecesgohacktothe17thcenturyB.C.,butthecollectionitselfwassetupbythefirstemperoroftheSongDynastyoverathousandyearsago.

W:Overathousandyears?Incredible!Let'sgoinside.Ican'twaittocheckitput!

M:OK.Youknow,mostofthecollectionherewasputtogetherduringtheQingDynasty.So,whatdidyouthink?

W:Iwasimpressedwiththelandscapepaintings,andallthejadecarvings.Thatjadecabbagejustcan'tbebeat!

M:Yeah,thecolorsweresorealistic,anditwassocarefullycarved.Whatelsedidyoulike?

W:Ireallylikedthecalligraphy.IwishIcouldunderstandwhatitsaid.Thewritingwasbeautiful.

M:I'mgladyouenjoyedit.

(23)

A.Inaconcerthall.

B.IntheNationalPalaceMuseum.

C.Atanexhibition.

D.Ontheplane.

31.听力原文：W:Whydon'tyougetanotherjobforachange?

M:ButIlikemyjob.

W:Look,digginggardensisnotajobforauniversitygraduate.

M:Butthemoneyisnotbadandthere'splentyoffreshair.

W:IfIwereyon,I'dtakesomekindofdirectionlayerteaching.

M:Teaching?Anythingbutthat.It'ssoboring.

W:Comeon,youreallymustthinkofthefuture.

M:I'lltellyouwhat.I'dliketobeadoctor.

W:Well,youshouldthinkveryseriouslyaboutthat.Itmeansalotofstudy,andthenworkingallsortsofhours.

M:Yes,maybe.Buttheideasoundsinteresting.

W:Well,then,yououghttogetmoreinformationaboutitassoonaspossible.

(20)

A.Thegoodpay.

B.Thefreshair.

C.Thebrightfuture.

D.BothAandB.

32.(21)

A.Justsoso.

B.Quitegood.

C.Fewerthanotherjobs.

D.Noneofthemknowthesalary.

33.(28)

A.Theyareinfurious.

B.Theyarescared.

C.Theyfeelrelaxed.

D.Theyfeelnervous.

34.听力原文：W:Hey,congratulationsonwinningthespeechcontest.Thatfifteen-hundred-dollarprizemoneyshouldreallycomeinhandy.

M:Youbet!I'vealreadyputitasidetocovertheincreasemylandlordjustannouncedfornextyear.

Whatdowelearnfloratheconversation?

(15)

A.Themanhastopaymoreforhisrentnextyear.

B.Thewomanandthemanhavemadeabet

C.Thewomanwantstoborrowmoneyflorathematt

D.Themanhaswon＄150.

35.听力原文：W:Whydowealwayshavetoargueaboutmoney?Iwouldrathergooutandspenditallsothatwewouldn'thavetoargueaboutit.

M:Ofcourse,you'dliketogospendingallthemoney;youdon'tspendfivedaysaweekinafactory.Besides,ifitwasn'tmoney,you'dargueaboutsomethingelse;Ithinkyouenjoyarguments.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.Thewomanlikesarguing,

B.Thewomanshouldgetajob.

C.Thewomanshouldworkinafactory.

D.Thewomanspendstoomuchmoney.

36.听力原文：M:Hello.Wouldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthestock?

W:Sure.Whatdoyouwantmetostartwith?

M:Pleasestartwiththeexplanationofsometermslike"abull"and"abear".

W:OK.Abullisasituationinwhichsharepricesarerising.

M:Whataboutabearthen?

W:Abearisthesituationinwhichsharepriceskeepfalling.

M:Oh,Isee.Butwhythepricesgetrisingorfalling?

W:Iftherearemorebuyers,thepricewillrise.Otherwise,thepricewillbelowerandlower.

M:Howcanwemakemoneyinthestockmarket?

W:Ifyoubelievethemarketwillgoup,youcanbuyinorhangon.Ifitturnsouttobetrue,youcanmakeyourprofit.

M:Iheardthatsomepeoplecanearnmoneyoutofabearmarket.Howdotheywininsuchasituation?

W:lfyoubelievethemarketwillfalldown,youcansellyoursharesandbuybackatalowerprice.Thepricedifferenceisyourprofit.

M:Itsoundseasytomakemoneyfromstockinvestment.

W:Notatall.Whenyoureallyinvestinstockmarket,you'llgetinvolvedintothewholeworld.

M:Whatdoyoumeanbythat?

W:Todecidewhichshareyou'llbuyinisquitehardsometimes.Youhavetoconsiderthemarkettendency,thegrowthofthecompanyandyou'dbetterknowsomethingabouttechnicalanalysis.

M:Soboringitis.I'dbetterinvestinsomefixedinterestfields.

W:Certainlyyoucan.Youwon'tsufferfromtherisks.Butyourwalletwillsuffer.

M:WhatshouldIdo?

W:Ifyoureallyinvestinstock,perhapsyoushouldfindabroker.

(20)

A.Heisastrangertothestock.

B.Helikesthestockverymuch.

C.Heisconfidentofhisinvestment.

D.Heisthestudentofthewoman.

37.

【B10】

38.(22)

A.Leaveitvacant.

B.Rentittothenmshe'stalkingwith.

C.SubletittoJimThomas.

D.Askherlandlordtosubletit.

39.听力原文：M:Ijustcalledthetravelagency.It'sallset.OnJunelst,I'mheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Becausemyclassesaren'tovertillJuly.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(15)

A.Themanhastoreschedulehistrip.

B.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

C.Themanhasn'tcalledthetravelagencyyet.

D.Themandoesn'tknowwhenhissemesterends.

40.(25)

A.Theamountofskinaffectedbythecut.

B.Thecauseofthecut.

C.Theamountofbleeding.

D.Thenumberofnerveendingsirritated.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtothelastparagraph,theroleplayedbyMr.PotatoHeadis______.

A.asimplechildren'stoy

B.everyone'sbestfriend

C.anentertainmentstar

D.apopularculturalsymbol

42.

"I'mlettingoffsomesteam"(Line5Para.1)means______.

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention

B.I'mjustsayingwhatIdon'treallywanttosay

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound

43.

Whatkindofattitudeshouldamanagertakesoastohavegoodunderstandingoftheworkers?

44.

Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery"?

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingissuperior.

D.Mostpeopledon'tbelievetheirwayofspeakingissuperior.

45.

【C6】

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Fastfood,amainstayofAmericaneatingfordecades,mayhavereachedaplateauintheUnitedStatesasthematuringbaby-boomgenerationlooksforamorevariedmenu.Fastfoxedstillrepresentsa$102billionayearindustry,butgrowthhasturnedsluggishrecentlyamidtoughcompetitionfromretailfoodstoresandamoreaffluentpopulationwillingtotrynewthingsandspendmore,analystssay.Signsoftroubleinfastfoodincludeprice-cuttingbyindustryleaders,includingeffortsbyMcDonald'stoattractcustomerswitha55centhamburger,andmajorplayerspullingoutorselling.O'Pepsico,forexample,issellingitsfast-foodrestaurantdivisionthatincludesTacoBell,PizzaHutandKFC.

"It'sbecomingharderandharderforthesefirmstogrow,"saidJimBrown,aprofessorofmarketingatVirginiaTechUniversity."IthinkintheUnitedStatesfastfoodhasreachedasaturation(饱和)pointbecauseofthenumberofcompetitorsandthenumberofoutlets."

Fast-foodrestaurantrevenuesgrew2.5percentin1996,accordingtoindustryfigures,theslowestsincetherecessionof1991.Thatisafarcryfrom(大不相同于)thelevelsofthe1970sand1980s.AccordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,consumersareusingsupermarketsfor21percentoftake-homefood,nearlydoublethelevelofayearago.Whilefast-foodrestaurantsstilllead,theirshareslippedsignificantly,from48percentin1996to41percentin1997.

"Consumershaveneverbeenmoredemandingthantheyaretoday,"saidMichaelSansolo,seniorvicepresidentoftheSupermarketTradeGroup."Theyarepressedfortime.Moneyisstillanissue...buttheirtastesareincreasinglydiverse—whetherit'sgourmetfoods,ethnicfoodsororganicofferings."

Meanwhile,theagingofthebaby-boompopulation—andthegrowthinthenumberofso-called"emptynesters"withgrownchildren—hasmeantasurgeinthenumberofpeoplewillingtospendmoreforupscaleitems.Thisgeneration"willhavetheluxuryofbeingmorediscriminating"astheirchildrenleavehome,notesHarryBalzer,vicepresidentoftheChicago-basedNPDconsultinggroup.Balzersaidsome18millionbabyboomerswillbecomeempty-nestersinthenext10years,leavingthemwithmoredisposableincometospendondiningout."Fastandcheapwillstillbedrivingfactors...butourdefinitionsoffastandcheapmaybechanging."

VariousreportssuggestindustryleaderMcDonald'sisstraggling,losingmarketsharewithlowersame-storesaleswhilecuttingbackthenumberofnewoutletsintheUnitedStates,partlyduetopressurefromfranchiserswhodon'twanttobesqueezed.Thecompanyreplacedtheheadofits12,000USrestaurantchainlastOctoberamidaslumpinUSmarketshare.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytallabout?

A.Fastfooddisappointsconsumers.

B.Peoplepreferlessexpensivefood.

C.McDonald'sdominatesthemarketoffastfood.

D.Fastfoodislosingitsattraction.

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Narrowlydefined,urbanizationreferstocityformation.Theearliestcities【C1】______fromaboutthefourthmillenniumBCE.IntheMiddleAgestheexpansionoflong-distancetradeandmercantilecapitalismstimulatedthegrowthofmajorEuropeancities.Thereissignificant【C2】______abouttherelationshipbetweenurbanization,feudaldecline,andthegrowthofcapitalism.

Mostsociologicalattentionhasfocusedonthelarge-scaleurbanizationaccompanyingindustrializationandtheemergenceofmodernsocieties.Althoughthereisno【C3】______relationshipbetweenlevelsofeconomicdevelopmentandurbanization,theterm"underurbanization"isoftenusedtodescribethesituationinthecountrieswherethegrowthofindustrialagglomerations(聚集)isnotmatchedbyasufficientexpansionofhousingandurban【C4】______fortheworkforce.Similarly,theterm"over-urbanization"isappliedtoThirdWorldcitieswhichhavelargepopulationsthatcannotbe【C5】______intotheformaleconomy.Asthesocialchangesaccompanyingindustrialization【C6】______throughoutnationalterritoriesthesociologicalsignificanceofurbanization【C7】______.Insuchurbanizedsocietiesthetermmaycarryawidermeaning,signifyingpossessionofanadvancedindustrialeconomy,andmodernizedsocialstructure.

Urbanismreferstopatternsofsociallifethoughttypicalofurbanpopulations.Theseincludeahighlyspecializeddivisionoflabour,growthofinstrumentalisminsocialrelationships,weakeningof【C8】______relationships,growthofvoluntaryassociations,normativepluralism,secularization,increaseinsocialconflict,andgrowingimportanceofthemassmedia.Inakeypaperpublishedin1938,LouisWirthsoughtto【C9】______thesepatternsinthreegeneralcharacteristicsofcities—size,density,andsocialheterogeneity.However,laterresearchshowedthatattemptstolinksocialandculturalcharacteristicsdeterministicallywithphysicallocationsare【C10】______.

A.infrastructureI.ground

B.diminishesJ.kin

C.diffuseK.ranch

D.loopL.skeleton

E.misconceivedM.preclude

F.absorbedN.invariant

G.tugO.date

H.controversy

【C1】

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Haveyoueverbeenaskedtotakeapolygraphtestforajob?Apolygraph,alsocalledaliedetector,isadevicethatisusedtofindoutifsomeoneistellingalie.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatlyingcausescertainphysicalreactions.Thesereactions,whichincludeachangeinbloodpressureandpulserate,aremeasuredbythepolygraph.

Liedetectortestsareoftenusedincourtandintheworkplace.However,alawthatwenteffectinDecember1988limitsthewaysthatemployerscanusethesetests.Employerscannolongerusethemtoscreen(审查)peoplewhoareapplyingforjobs.Theonlyexceptionisforthosewhowantgovernmentjobsassecurityguardsordrughandlers.Also,managerscannolongeraskworkerstotakesuchtestsunlessthereisreasonablesuspicionthattheworkerhasstolenordamagedproperty.Thiswillcurbtestsforsuspectedoffenses,suchasdruguseorsexualharassment,andforworkerswhoweremerelyintheareaofatheft.Bosseswhorequestliedetectortestswillhavetotellworkerswhytheyaresuspectedofanoffense.Also,theymaynotaskquestionsthatdegradeworkers,suchasquestionsabouttheirsexlives.

Inanycase,accordingtothenewlaw,thetestisnowvoluntary:Youcan'tbefiredforrefusingtotakeit.Ifyouhavebeenforcedtotakeapolygraphtest,orifyouarenotbeinggivenapromotionbecauseyouhaverefusedtotakethetest,youcansuethecompanyorfileacomplaintwiththeDepartmentofLabor.TheDepartmentofLaborcanfineemployersupto$10,000.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

49.(59)

50.Whydofood-bornepathogensinAustraliashowlowdragresistance?

51.Whenyouenterthebookshoptofindabook,youwill______.

A.becomecompletelyabsorbedinthebookswithoutrealizingwhereyouare

B.becomecompletelylostwithoutanyknowledgeofyourwhereabouts

C.becomecompletelyunconsciousinthebookshop

D.loseanysenseofdirectionastowhereyouare

52.

【C8】

53.

TheauthortookAfricaasanexampleinordertoshow______.

A.thepoliticaladvancementinsomeAfricancountries

B.thesophisticatedeconomyinsomeAfricancountries

C.theartisticcomplexityinsomeAfricancountries

D.theunderdevelopedculturesinsomeAfricancountries

54.

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.

A.thebrainisnotpreparedforlanguagelearningbeforetheageoftenmonths

B.speakingrequirescomplexcoordinationofdifferentbodycomponents

C.childrenabovesevencannotlearntwoormorelanguagesatthesametime

D.theabilityofspeakingisindependentfromtheabilityoflistening

55.

Indevelopedeconomics,serviceindustries______.

A.tendtoemployanincreasingnumberofpeople

B.employmorepeoplethanmanufacturingindustriesdo

C.causeproblemsforthewhite-collarunions

D.trytoreducetheiremployeestocombatrisingcosts

56.

Scorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandinsmovetohotareasto______.

A.engageingreateractivity

B.seekoutamore-ironenvironment

C.demonstratethattheyareill

D.developafeverandfightbacterialinfections

57.

Whatisthemainideaofthe