钻井工程术语

钻井工程术语Termsofwelldrillingengineering2钻井总论general2。1井的基本概念basicconceptofawell井well，井口wellhead，井底holebottom，裸眼open—hole，井深welldepth，井壁wellwall，annulus井眼轴线holeaxis:井眼的中心线，井身结构casingprogram2・2井的类别welltype:探井exploratorywell,开发井developmentwell，直井straightwell3钻井方法drillingmethod:顿钻钻井cabletooldrilling:，杆式顿钻rodtooldrilling，绳式顿钻cabledrilling，旋转钻井rotarydrilling，转盘钻井rotarydrilling，顶部驱动钻井topdrivedrilling，井底动力钻井downholemotordrilling，涡轮钻井turbo—drilling，螺杆钻井Dyna—drilling，电动钻井electricdrilling:2・4钻井种类kindsofdrilling海上钻井offshoredrilling，沙漠钻井desertdrilling，清水钻井waterdrilling，空气(天然气)钻井air(gas)drilling，泡沫钻井foamdrilling，雾化钻井mistdrilling，充气钻井液钻井aerateddrillingfluiddrilling,平衡压力钻井balancedpressuredrilling，欠平衡压力钻井under-balanceddrilling，近平衡压力钻井nearbalanceddrilling,小井眼钻井slimholedrilling，取芯钻井coredrilling，2.5工程报废井engineeringabandonedwell2・6钻井设计welldesign2。7单井工程设计engineeringdesignofasinglewell2.8钻井工程质量drillingengineeringquality2・9钻井工序drillingprocess2.10钻井进度drillingprogress2・11钻井条件drillingcondition3岩石的物理机械性质及可钻性rockphysicalmechanicalpropertiesanddrillability3・1岩石的物理机械性质rockmechanicalproperties:矿物的微硬度mineralmicro—hardness，岩石的微硬度rockmicro-hardness，岩石的硬度rockhardness,肖氏岩石硬度Shore'shardness，岩石的筒形抗内压胀烈试验hollowcylinderbursttest:，岩石的常规抗压缩强度rockcompressivestrength，岩石的捣碎法压缩试验crashingcompressiontestforrock，岩石的抗压入破碎强度rockfragmentingstrength，压模静压入staticimpacttest,压力面pressureface，等剪应力球面iso—shearsphere，压模压入岩石时的变形曲线force—penetrationcurve，动压入（冲击压入）impactpenetration,岩石的抗剪切强度rockshearstrength，岩石的抗剪切强度试验rocksheartesting，三轴应力状态tri—axialstressstate，岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axialcompressivetestofrock，岩石的常规三轴试验conventionaltriaxialtestofrock，岩石的真三轴试验truetriaxialtestofrock，脆性岩石brittlerock，岩石的塑性rockplasticity，塑性岩石plasticrock，岩石的塑性变形rockplasticdeformation,，岩石的假塑性破坏rockpseudo—plasticsbreakage，，岩石的塑性系数rockplasticitycoefficient，岩石脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）rockbrittle—plastictransitionpressure，岩层蠕变stratacreep，岩石的库仑一纳维尔强度准则Coulomb—Navierstrengthcriterionforrock，岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohrfailurecriterionforrock，岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffiththeoryforrockbrittlefailure，统计强度理论statisticalstrengththeory，破碎机理crushingmechanism，单齿压入试验singletoothpenetrationtest，破碎坑cruchedcrater,破碎接触压力fracturecontactpressure,牙轮钻头承压面积bitbearingarea，岩石的表面破碎rocksurfacefracture:,岩石的疲劳破碎rockfatiguefracture,岩石的体积破碎rockvolumetricfracture，岩石的单位体积破碎功rockspecificvolumetricfragilework，地温梯度geothermalgradient，地温级度geothermalstep，高导热系数层highthermalconductivitystrata，地应力in—situstress，岩层的水平侧向应力stratalateralstress,侧压系数lateralpressurecoefficient,围压confinningpressure，各向压缩效应triaxialcompressibilityeffect，有效应力effectivestress，零有效应力zeroeffectivestress:，压持效应chiphold-downeffect，岩石硬度减低剂rockhardnessreducer，3.2岩石的微观结构rockmicro-structure，3.3岩石的宏观结构rockmacro-structure3・4岩石的不均匀性rockheterogeneity，3。5岩石的各向异性rockanisotropy3。6岩石的可钻性rockdrill—ability,微观钻头可钻性试验micro-bitdrill-abilitytest，微型钻头micro-bit，微型钻头钻速micro—bitdrillingrate，微型钻头刀片齿磨损量micro-bitcutterwear，3.7岩石研磨性rockabrasiveproperties，3・8岩石的渗透率rockpermeability,4钻前工程prespudoperation4.1定井位locationdetermination，4.2选线routeselection，4.3井场wellsite，4・4井场布置wellsitearrangement:，4。5井场道路accessroadatwellsite,4。6设备安装equipmentinstallation,4.7圆井cellar,4°8废泥浆池waste（reserve）pit，4。9泥浆罐mudtank,4.10钻机基础rigfoundation，预制基础（活动基础）pre-fabricatedfoundation，现浇基础（死基础）foundationgroutedinsitu，桩基础pilesupportedfoundation,4。11钻机基础设计rigfoundationdesign，4。12基础安装（摆基础）pre—fabricatedfoundationsetting，4。13基础浇筑（打基础）foundationgrouting，基坑放线foundationpitdelimitation，挖基坑foundationpitexcavation,填石灌浆groutforbondingrubblesplacedintopit，4。14基础找平foundationlevelling，4・15基础养护concretfoundationcuring，4・16井架derrick（mast），塔形井架pyramidmast，自升式井架selferectionmast，前开口式井架cantilevermast，A形井架A—mast，桅形井架mast，4。17井架结构参数derrickstructuralparameter，井架公称高度derricknominalheight，井架底尺寸derrickbasesize，井架上底尺寸watertablesize，二层台公称高度monkeyboardnominalheight：，井架大门高度V-doorheight，井架大门开档尺寸V-doordemensions，4.18井架构件derrickmember，井架大腿derrickleg，底板（支脚板）bottomplate，横杆（横拉筋）girt，斜杆（斜拉筋）brace，联接板（节点板）connectionangle-plate，操作台workingplatform:，指梁fingerboard，二层台rackingplatform（monkeyboard），三层台auxillaryrackingplatform，天车台crownsafetyplatform（crownrunaround），天车台人字架ginpole，立管台standpipeboard，井架绷绳derrickguyline，绷绳锚guylineanchor（dead—man），扶梯ladder，钻台derrickfloor，立根盒pipesetback（setback），井架大门（前大门）V-door，绞车大门（后大门）draw—workswindowopening，挡风墙windwall，4.19塔形井架安装pyramidderrickstanding，运井架derrickmemberstransportation:,整理井架rigspotting,安装索具stringdrillinglineandinstallraisingline:,吊扒杆cantilevergin—polehoistingandsetting，封装井架大门V—doorclosing，升扒杆cantilevergin-poleraising，降扒杆cantilevergin—polelowering,放扒杆cantilevergin-polelayingdown，变幅amplitude，穿钢丝绳stringup（stringingup），对吊balancehoistingwithtwocantilever，起天车crownblockhoisting,放天车crownblockdismounting，高空操作手erectorworkhighaboveground,第一操作手firsterector，第二操作手erector，第三操作手assistanterector，4.20自升式井架安装erectionofself—erectionmast，组装井架mastassembling，井架支架mastbracket，起升支架mastraising，起升绳raisingline，底座人字架A-frameofsubstructure:，井架调节装置balance—adjustingdeviceofmast,井架缓冲器mastdamper,4。21整拖井架skid—mountedderrick，4。22钻机整体拖运rigskidding，4。23校正井架derrickaligning，4.24机泵房engine—pumphousing，4.25钻井队野营房drillingcrewmobilecamp，4。26扒杆cantilevergin-pole，单扒杆singlecantilevergin—pole,悬转扒杆rotableturningandsuspendedcantilevergin-pole:，吊臂（臂杆）cantilever，主扒杆mainpole，上撑杆uppersupportingpole，下撑杆lowersupportpole，辅助撑杆accessorysupportingpole，底部转座bottomrotarytable，中部转座middlerotarytable，顶部转座toprotarytable，座板bottomplate，臂顶滑轮cantilevertopsheave，变幅滑轮cantileveramplitudesheave，底滑轮bottomsheave，起重钢丝绳hoistingline，变幅钢丝绳amplitudeline，4。27井架安装车A-frametruck：，4。28静力触探车truck—mountedstaticprobedetector,4。29尖槟吊扳手（尖扳手）cuspatespanner，5钻头的选择和使用bitselectionandapplication5。1钻头选型bitselection，5.2钻头检查bitinspection，5。3钻头使用寿命bitlife,5。4钻头合理起钻时间reasonabletimetopullthebi，5。5钻头过度使用overuseofbit，5.6钻头正常磨损bituniformwear，5.7钻头异常磨损bitunfavorablewear，5。8钻头过度磨损bitexcessivewea，5.9牙轮钻头轴承失效bitbearingfailure，5.10钻头磨损分析bitdullnessanalysis，牙齿的磨损分级toothdullnessgrading，轴承磨损分级bearingweargrading，钻头直径磨损bitgagewear,钻头磨损特征dullbitappearance，牙齿折断toothbreakage，牙齿脱落lostteeth，牙齿磨损toothwear，牙轮掉落conelosing:,牙轮破裂conecracking，牙轮互咬coneinterference，牙轮冲蚀cone—shellerosion，牙轮旷动coneshaking，牙轮卡死conelocked，轴承密封失效bearingsealfailure，钻头直径磨小bitgaugewear，喷嘴脱落nozzlelosing，水眼螺纹刺坏threadpuncture，水眼刺坏watercoursepuncture，喷嘴刺坏nozzlepuncture，喷嘴堵塞nozzleplugging，中心磨损严重bitcentercoredout，巴掌断落shirt—tailcut，巴掌断裂shirt-tailbreaking，巴掌尖磨损严重shirt-tailseverelywornout，钻头泥包bitballing，井底落物损坏damagefromforeignmaterial，6钻柱、钻井工具及仪表drillstring，drillingtoolandinstrumentation6.1钻具drillingtool，方钻杆kelly,钻杆drillpipe，铝合金钻杆aluminiumdrillpipe,加重钻杆（厚壁钻杆）heavywalldrillpipe，钻铤drillcollar，方钻铤squaredrillcollar，偏重钻铤eccentric—weightdrillcollar，螺旋钻铤spiralDC（spiral-groovedDC）:，接头joint（sub），配合接头（转换接头）cross—oversub，钻杆接头drillpipetooljoint，水龙头接头swiveltooljoint，方钻杆保护接头kellysaversub,6。2钻具组合（钻具配合）drillstringassembly,6。3钻柱drillstem,6。4复合钻柱combinationstring,6.5下部钻具组合bottomholeassembly（BHA）,满眼钻具packedholeassembly,塔式钻具tapereddrillstring,钟摆钻具pendulumassembly,6.6钻柱压曲pipehelicalbuckling,6。7切点tangencypoint,6.8半波长度halfwavelength,6。9临界钻压criticalweightonbit,6。10变节距空间螺旋弯曲曲线，6.11钻柱运动方式drillstringmotionpattern:,钻柱的扭转振动drill—stringtorsionalvibration，钻柱的纵向振动drill—stringlongitudinalvibration:,钻柱的旋转运动drill—stringrotarymotion，钻柱自转drill-stringrevolveonitsownaxis,钻柱公转drill—stringrevolveroundthebore—holeaxis,钻柱的复合旋转drill-stringrevolvesbothroundthebore-holeaxisandonitsownaxis，6.12钻柱受力分析drill-stringforceanalysis，6.13钻柱拉应力drill—stringtensilestress，6。14钻柱压应力drill—stringcompressivestress，6.15钻柱剪应力drill-stringshearstress，6。16钻柱弯曲应力drill-stringbendingstress，6。17钻柱外挤压力drill—stringcollapsepressure，6。18浮力系数法buoyancyfactormethod，6.19压力面积法pressure—areamethod，6.20浮力减轻系数buoyancyfactor,6o21钻柱的工作状态drill—stringworkingstatus，6。22钻柱静拉设计drill-stringstatictensiledesign，安全系数法safetyfactormethod:，设计系数法designfactormethod：,拉力余量法over—pullmarginmethod:,6。23拉力余量over—pullmargin,6.24钻杆允许下深drill-piperateddepth,6o25应力减轻槽stressreliefgroove,6。26低扭矩面lowtorqueface,6。27螺纹磷化threadphosphatecoating,6.28阶梯内孔结构steppedborestructure,6.29上紧扭矩make—uptorque,6.30最佳上紧扭矩optimummake-uptorque,6o31钻铤连接螺纹弯曲强度比值DCjointbendingstrengthratio,6.32钻杆表面缺陷DPsurfaceimperfection：,6.33胶皮护箍细槽rubberprotectorgroove,6.34大钳伤痕tongmark,6.35卡瓦伤痕slipmark,6o36地层和井内金属碎屑的切割伤痕notchingbyformationandjunk,6o37井下三器threedown—holetools，稳定器stabilizer,减振器shockabsorber，震击器jar,6o38井眼扩大器reamer,6o39井口工具rigtool，大钳（吊钳）tong，吊卡elevator,卡瓦slip，安全卡瓦safetyclamps,提升短节liftsub，钻头装卸器bitbreaker，旋接器spinner:,6。40指重表weightindicator,6.41自动记录仪auto—graphicmeter,6。42转盘扭矩表rotarytabletorqueindicator:,6.43多参数仪multi-parameteranalyzer,6。44综合录井仪mudloggingunit,7钻井工艺drillingtechniques7o1钻进（纯钻进）drilling,7o2钻进技术drillingtechnique,7o3钻进参数drillingparameter，钻压WOB，单位钻头直径钻压WOBperunitlengthbitdiameter,比钻压specificWOB，悬重和钻重freehangingweightandhookloadwhiledrilling,大钩载荷hookload，转速rotaryspeed，流量flowrate,7.4钻进瞬时扭矩torquewhiledrilling,7。5钻进最大扭矩maximumtorquewhiledrilling,7.6中性截面neutralcross-section,7o7零轴向应力截面zeroaxialstresscross-section,7o8稳定力stabilizingpower,7。9开钻spudin,7.10完钻drilled,7。11送钻feedoff,7。12方入和方余kelly-inandkelly-up,7。13进尺penetrationfootage,7.14机械钻速penetrationrate,7。15行程钻速roundtrippenetrationrate,7.16钻时drillingtime,7。17划眼redressing,7.18倒划眼backredressing,7.19扩眼reaming(under-ream),7。20蹩钻bitbouncing,7。21跳钻bitjumping,7.22干钻drilleddry,7.23试钻drilloff,7。24停钻stopdrilling,7。25顿钻drill-stringfreefall,7。26溜钻drill-stringnotwellbraked,7。27打倒车reverserotation,7.28通井wipertrip,7。29放空drillingbreak,7030吊打easingthebitin,7。31纠斜holestraightening,7.32钻水泥塞drillout:,7.33钻开油气层drillin,7。34缩径tighthole,7。35井径扩大holeenlargemen,7.36单根single,7.37双根double,7.38立根stand,7.39替根alternatingpipe,7.40吊单根pickingupsingle,7o41接单根makingaconnection,7.42起下钻roundtrip,7.43短起下钻shorttrip,7o44双吊卡起下钻tripwithtwoelevators,7。45起钻错扣alternatingbreaksundertripoutcondition,7o46倒换钻具switchingwithinstrings,7。47活动钻具drill-stringmovement—reciprocationVS.rotation,7.48甩钻具breakdown,7o49换钻头bitchanging,7.50灌钻井液fillinthehole,7.51钻头行程bitrun,7o52钻头磨合runningin,7.53起空车runningupwithemptyblocks,7.54穿大绳string-updrilling—line,7.55倒大绳slipingandcutoffdrilling—line,7.56快绳fast—line,7.57死绳dead-line,7.58鼠洞rathole,7.59小鼠洞mousehol,7.60拉猫头cat—linepulling,7。61转盘卸螺纹screwoutbyuseofrotarytablepower,7.62转盘绷扣initialbreakouttool-jointbyuseofrotarytablepower,7.63钻具刺穿washout,7o64蹩泵pumpchokingup,7。65循环钻井液circulatingdrillingfluid,7.66地面循环surfacecirculation,7o67地质循环circulatingforgeologicobservation，。68循环周circulationcircle,7.69处理钻井液drillingfluidtreatment,?。70挂辅助刹车puttingonauxiliarybrake,7.71司钻操作台driller'sconsole,7。72井史wellhistory,7。73钻井日报表dailydrillingreport,7o74钻井班报表tourreport,7o75钻井液班报表drillingfluidtourreport：,7。76钻头记录bitrecord,7o77钻具记录drillingstringrecord,8喷射钻井jetdrilling8.1喷射钻井jetdrilling,8.2射流jetflow,淹没非自由射流submergednon-freejet，冲击射流impactjet,气蚀射流(空化射流)cavitationjet,脉冲射流pulsedjet，磨料射流abrasivejet，射流水力参数jethydraulic,射流喷速jetvelocity，射流冲击力jetimpactforce,射流水功率jethydraulichorsepower,射流的极点jetstagnationpoint，射流的速度分布jetvelocitydistribution，射流的初始段flowdevelopmentregion，射流的基本段fullydevelopedflowregion，射流扩散角和扩散系数jetspreadangleandspreadcoefficient，射流等速核jetpatentialcore，漫流crossflow，漫流速度cross-flowvelocity，射流速度降低系数jetvelocityattenuationcoefficient,射流动压力jetdynamicpressure，射流动压力降低系数jetdynamicpressureattenuationcoefficient,8.3喷射距离jetreach,8o4净化井底bottom-holecleaning,8.5钻头水力参数bithydraulic,钻头压降bitnozzlepressure—drop,钻头压降系数Kbbitpressure-dropfactor,钻头水功率bithydraulichorse-power，钻头比水功率bitspecifichydraulichorse-power,8.6喷嘴nozzle，喷嘴流道nozzlepassageways，喷嘴流量系数nozzleflowratecoefficient，等速梯形喷嘴iso-velocitygradientnozzle,流线形喷嘴streamlinednozzle,脉冲喷嘴pulsednozzle，加长喷嘴extendednozzle,喷嘴水力特性nozzlehydraulicproperty，喷嘴结构nozzleconfiguration，喷嘴组合nozzlecombination,单喷嘴singlenozzl,双喷嘴twonozzle,不等径组合喷嘴unequaldiameternozzle，反喷嘴inversenozzle，喷射角impactangle,喷嘴布置nozzlearrangement，喷嘴当量直径nozzleequival