语言学考试试题

。语言学考试资料第一部分 选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2% ×10=20%)1、Asmodernlinguistics aimstodescribe andanalyze thelanguage people actuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A、prescriptive B 、sociolinguisticC、descriptive D 、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A、mouth B 、lipsC、tongue D 、vocalcords3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.A、boundmorpheme B 、boundformC、inflectionalmorpheme D 、freemorpheme4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinator B 、particleC、preposition D 、subordinator 主从连词5、"CanIborrowyourbike?"___"Youhaveabike."A、issynonymouswith B 、isinconsistentwithC、entails D 、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.A、semantics B 、pragmaticsC、sociolinguistics D 、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization 泛化.A、elaboration B 、simplification 精简C、externalborrowing D 、internalborrowing8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A、Linguafranca 通用语 B 、CreoleC、Pidgin D 、Standardlanguage 标准语言9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsible for physical articulation of utterances, threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus 角回B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex精选资料，欢迎下载。C、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsD、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea10、According to Krashen, ___refers tothegradual andsubconcious development ofability inthefirst languagebyusingit naturally indaily communicative situations.A、learning B 、competenceC、performance D 、acquisition第二部分 非选择题II. Directions: Fill intheblank ineachofthefollowing statements with oneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1% ×10=10%)11、Chomskydefines "competence" astheideal user's k of therules ofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb .13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc synonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutright tofitsomepurpose.Suchamethod ofenlarging thevocabularyisknownaswordc .18、Whereverthestandard languagecanuseacontraction (he+is→he's), BlackEnglishcand theformof"be".19、Thebasic essentials ofthefirst languageareacquired intheshort period fromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.精选资料，欢迎下载。20、Asatype oflinguistic systemin12learning, i is aproduct ofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.精选资料，欢迎下载。()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription34、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、context39、euphemism40、brainla