雅思小作文概述

第六节雅思小作文概述雅思考试分移民类(general)和学术类(academic),两者都包含一篇小作文，一般用20分钟。根据剑桥雅思考试中心提供的信息，雅思小作文和大作文的评分标准一致，主要有一下四个方面。应题(taskresponse)协调性和连贯性(Coherenceandcohesion)词汇量(Lexicalresource)语法正确(Grammaticalaccuracy)一图表作文分为四种图：饼图(piechart)、线图(linechart)、柱图(barchart)、表图(table)图表作文写作流程审题：大致遵从下面的步骤理解题目 浏览图表的文字信息 浏览图表的数字信息 开始写作小贴士：1同学们注意：图表作文从读题开始，争取迅速了解图所涉及的大致内容。很多考生先看图表，这是错误的习惯，不看题目先看图表是浪费时间。题目中往往包含有效信息，比如图表涉及的内容和时

间。2读完题目信息以后，开始读图。正确的步骤是先看

文字信息，再看数据。这样会对数据有清晰的了解；

没有文字信息的图表是没有意义的。3有时候不止是一个图表，这是，需要首先判断图之间是否有联系，如果有联系，就一起描述，反之，则分开描述4在开始写作是，面对一堆数据，考生往往觉得无从下手，不知道描述的先后顺序。一般来说阅读数据可以遵循下面的次序。饼图柱图线图表格时间、最高原则（先看图表是否有时间排列，再看最

高值）•如果出现一组时间，那么以最早的时间开始叙述；譬如，1979-1999年，从1979年开始叙述（一般来说，线图和表格经常出现时间。）•如果在同一年代里出现可以比较的数据，那么从最高值开始叙述，譬如，在1979年出现几个国家的数值，那么从最高值开始描述；•如果图表里没有出现时间，那么就关注最高值，从最高值开始叙述（饼图和柱状图一般不会出现时间的信息）

在随后的描述中，不需要描述所有的数据；注意描述

最低的数值和有特点的数值；在线图中，注意描述趋

势，而不是单个数据；在其他三种图表中，将近似的

数据分组，一起描述。在线图中，叙述以最后出现的数值结束；在其他图中，叙述以最低的数值结束。开始写作一般来说，图表小作文可以分为三个部分，分别是介绍段，主体部分和总结段；主体部分一般有两段话。介绍段：介绍段主要注意改写题目，不要照搬照抄。避免照抄题目的方法有四种1）改变题目中关键词的词性;2）改变题目中关键词的位置；3）用同义次取代其中某一些词；4）灵活地加入图表中的其他文字信息（譬如说时间、性别、国家等）例如题目：thegraphsbelowshowtheenrolmentsofoverseasstudentsandlocalstudentsinBritain'suniversities.介绍段：thegraphsprovideinformationabouttheproportionsof改写proportionsof改写改写overseasstudentsandlocalstudentsenrolledinBritain'suniversities改词性和位置from1989to1999.加入新的信息大意：下面的图提供关于1989到1999年海外学生和当地学生在英国大学入学率的信息。主体部分：（2〜3段）第一句话总结图中比较显著的趋势或者特征，其余句子按照第四点中所规定的顺序逐句叙述图表内容。主体部分每一个句子一般有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息、数字信息和比较。很多考生习惯在作文中把数字逐一读出，这是不好的习惯。事实上，文字信息比数字信息更为重要：文字信息可以让读者清楚了解图表的主要信息，而数据只是起辅助的作用。比较下面的句子例如：theaverageUSfamilyhad4.5peoplein1915,3.3in1967and2.6in2006.改后句子：averagefamilysizeintheUShasbeen

shrinking,from文字信息3.3peoplein1967to2.6peoplein2006,

数字信息comparedto4.5peoplein1915.比较图表范文分析： 一图表作文范文曲线图：Thegraphbelowshowsthepercentageofpeopleunabletofindworkinthreemajorcountriesfrom1983to1992.1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992TKEBYOIRMHNbxkroworPIDanuelDoepfo跖UnitedKingdom1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992TKEBYOIRMHNbxkroworPIDanuelDoepfo跖CanadaJapan学习知识点：1”上升和下降”，“平稳波动的说法”1)theprop0rti0n(percentage)ofpeoplewhowereunabletofindworkdecreasedfrom13%in1983to8%to1990.2）Thenumberofpeopleunabletofindworkshowedasignificantdecline,accountingfor8%in1990,comparedwith13%in19833）after7yearsofsteadydecline,thepercentageofpeopleunabletoworkstartedtorise.ThelinegraphshowsacomparisonofunemploymentratesinJapan,theUnitedKingdomandCanadabetween1989and1992.InJapan,thepercentageofunemploymentincreasedfrom2.3%to3%between1983and1986.Afterthat,thepercentagestarteddecreasingwithminorfluctuationandreturnedtotheoriginalvaluein1992.（第一组：具体谈日本的变化趋势，起末点，最高最低）In1983,thepercentageofunemployedpeoplewas12%inCanadaand13%intheUK.（起点）Thesevaluesdecreaseddramaticallyandataconstantrateoverthenextfewyears.（趋势）andunemploymentreachedthelowestpercentageinCanadawithabout7.7%in

1988-1989,andintheUKwith7%in1989-1990.（最低点）（介词短语的并列形式）Theunemploymentratesofthetwocountriesreachesthesamepointbetween1988and1989.Andthenthefigures（替换））startedincreasinginbothcountries.in1992,Canadareacheditsoriginalvalue.Meanwhile,UKreached10%,threepointsbelowtheoriginalpercentagein1983.（终点）Fromtheaboveanalysis,theunemploymentrateinJapanwasmorestablethanthoseofUKandCanada.（结论）柱状图：ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970,and1990.sreievartlarQLfo%□1950sreievartlarQLfo%□1950□1970口19900505050504332211Thebarchartrepresentsacontrastintermsofbus,car,bike,footinyearsof1950,1970and1990.From1950to1990,thepercentageofpeoplewhotravel（替换）bybikeandonfootdecreasedfrom27%to7%and33%to10%respectively.Similarly,thepercentageofpeopletakingbusdroppedafter1970butincreasedbeforethat.However,car’spercentageusesharplyboomed（增速迅速发展）yearafteryear.（第一组：柱自身比较）Travelingbybikeoronfootweremostpopularin1950.butpercentageofcaruserswasfarmoresmaller.Aftertwodecades,withthedecreaseofbikeusersandtravelersonfoot,busandcargainalotofpopularity.Busreacheditspeakat27%.in1970,overoneoutofthree（替换）peopledrivetoandfromwork.（替换第二组，柱间比较）Allinall,astheeconomyincreasesgradually,peopleprefertogotoworkandcomehomebydrivingratherthantakingbusorwalking.表格图：Thetablebelowshowsinformationonincome,taxesandpricesinfivecitiesaroundtheworld.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.CityAveragehourlywageTaxas%ofwageMonthlyrentfor4-bedroomflatAthens£418.9%£700Geneva£1326.6%£1,300HongKong£315%£2,400London£731.3%£1,200Tokyo£1219.3%£5,300Thistablegraphdemonstratesacomparisonofwages,taxesandrentsinfiveimportantcities,Athens,Geneva,HongKong,LondonandTokyo.GenevaandTokyoofferthehighestaveragehourlywage,13and12poundsrespectively.Withinexpectation,thetaxaspercentageofwageisalsohigh.However,therentinTokyoismuchmorethanthatinGeneva.Onthecontrary,thelowestwagesareofferedbyHongKongandAthens,3and4poundsrespectively.Itisnotsurprisingthatthetaxesarecorrespondinglylowerthantherest.Thedifferencebetweenthetwocitiesistherent,withthelowest700poundsinAthensandmorehigher2400poundsinHongKong.（第二组：工资最高，相似和不同）Withtheaveragerentandwage,Londonhasthehighesttax（其他有特点但未提到的）Inconclusion,intermsoflivingcost,livinginLondonmightharderthantheothers.（合理推断）饼状图：Thetwopiechartsbelowshowthetypesofcommunicationusedin1962and1982.

Thetwopiechartsdemonstrateacomparisonindifferentpatternsofcommunicationwhichwereusedin1962and1982.Aswhathasbeenshowninthetwocharts,thepercentageoflettersdrasticallydecreasedfrom50%in1962to10%in1982respectively.Thefiguresofphoneandcomputerusage,onthecontrary,increasedcorrespondinglyatahighrate.Thepercentageofcomputercommunicationin1982wasexactlytwicethatin1962.Similarly,thepopularityofphonein1982canalsobesuggestedbyitsrise-25%fromtheoriginalvalue,35%.Inconclusion,communicationdevices,aseconomyandtechnologyarebeingenhanced,havechangesgreatly.High-techwayswillgraduallytaketheplaceofprivateandtraditionalones.高分范文展示1.21世纪的利弊？discuss?Withourentranceto21stcentury,thererisesthecontroversyofwhetherourfuturewouldturntothebrightone.Manypeopleclaimthat21stcenturywouldbetakenintoapositivewaythroughscientificandtechnologicaladvancewhileagreatnumberofpessimistsarguethatourfutureisthreat123dbylotsofongoingdisasters.Asforme,Ipreferabalancedviewthattherewillbecrisisandopportunities.Ononehand,wehavereasonstobeoptimistic.Foronething,thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologywillmakeitpossibletoforallthepeopleintheworldtocommunicatewitheachothereasily.Taketheinternetasanexample.Asimpleclickonthemousecouldleadyoutoeveryplaceandpersonallovertheworld.Foranother,asthemedicaltreatmentdevelops,itcouldbeexpectedthattherewillbecureforsuchdeadlydiseasesascancerandAIDSandthathumanbeingswouldbeabletoenjoyalonglifeexpectancy.Moreover,withtheongoingmechanization,anincreasingamountofdangerousandheavy-laborworkwouldtendtobetakenbytherobot.Inthiscase,mancanworkinmoresafeandcomfortableconditions,aswellasenjoymoreleisuretime.Ontheotherhand,itcanbeforeseenthattheremaybecrisesinthefuture.First,peoplewillrunhighriskofpsychologicalproblemsfordealingwithcomputersinlong-termislikelytocausethelonelinessandinfantileautism.Consequentlytherateofsuicidewouldexperienceasharprise.Besides,thereispossibilitythattherobotwouldtakeovertheearth,enslavingourmankindwhoisoriginallyitscreator.Furthermore,itisnotimpossiblethataglobalnuclearwarwouldbreakout.Asaresult,noneofallcreaturesontheearthcanescapethisdisastersothatfromthenonthecivilhistorycomestoanend.Fromthediscussionabove,itcanbeconcludedthatwewouldconfrontbothopportunitiesandcrises.Theadvancedscienceandtechnologycouldobtainmeritanddrawback.SowhatIhopetoseeinthefutureisthatwecanenjoyhealthierandlongerlifeandthatmoreandmorescienceandtechnologywillbeemployedinthepeacefulway.2.Somepeopleclaimthattheincreasinglyfrequentbusinessandculturalcommunicationsarepositivewhereasothersholdadifferentopinion.Discuss.Althoughaslightmentionofthepastpastorallifearousesanostalgiaandreminiscentbeauty,whichisunexceptionallycharacterizedbyisolationandsomewhatdisconsolation,variousandfrequentcommunicationsinbusiness,education,scientificresearch,andeventhedailylifearefloodingtheexistentvalues,ideas,andideals.Inevitably,thissocialphenomenonprovokesastormofcommendationandcriticismaswell.Frequentcommunicationsinvariousfieldsamongculturesandpeopleundoubtedlybenefitindividuals'liAlmosteverycitizenbecomesthebeneficiaryofthecommunications.Peoplearoundtheworldtodayareabletoenjoyotherwiseunavailableproductsandservices.Forinstance,itisduetotheinternationalcommunicationinbusinessthatpeopleinChinacanenjoysuchhighqualityproductsasMercedesBenzfromGermany,TitoniwatchfromSwitzerland,andIBMcomputers.Allthesecasesdemonstrateonething:communicationscontributetohumanbeings.Notonlyarediversearrayofcommunicationsintheinternationalspectrumpositivetoindividuals,theyalsohavebeenexertingsignificantfavorableinfluencesonfamilylife.Itwasvirtuallyincredibletoimagineaninternationalfamilyfivedecadesago,buttodayonaccountoftherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationsandtransportations,religiousandracialdiscriminationshavealmostentirely“gonewiththewind”.Itisnolongeran“abnormal”thingthataChinesehusbandgetsmarriedwithaJapanesewife.Suchinternationalfamily,asscientificresearchwarrants,isawelcomedevelopmentintermsofbothbiologicalandpoliticalelements.Infact,theadvantagesofcommunicationsarealsoshapingandreflectingthegeneralhumancivilizationdevelopment.IfGod,asBiblesays,createddifferentlanguagesamongmen,thenmenallovertheworldtodayareabletoworktogether,praytogether,andstruggleforfreedomtogether.Thecommunicationsareactuallyaprocessofglobalization.Thisisthetrendofsustainabledevelopment.Withcommunications,peoplebecomebrothersandsistersratherthanenemies.Withcommunications,therewillbepeaceratherthanwar.Withcommunications,themundanemortalswilleventuallyretrievetheparadisethatourforefatherslostandgetrenascence.Admittedly,thecommunicationsmighthavesomenegativeinfluences.Buttheadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Therefore,thecommunicationsshouldbeadvocatedandencouragedwiththeutmostenthusiasmA,B类题型理由段解决方案：单边支持类Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Humanssharetheplanetwiththewildanimaswhohavecontributedalottooursocietyandeconomy.Buttoday,theworldispoisedonthebrinkofthelargestwaveofextinctions.Sowehavetodosomethingtoprotectwildanimals.Firstly,famingtofeedthegrowinghumanpopulationisoneofthechiefcauseofextinction.Fromthismillionsofhectaresofforestsandnaturalvegetationhavebeenclearedforagriculturaluse.Secondly,excessmininghasdestroyedthehabitatofwildanimals.Thencamethethreatofillegallogging,poachingandsmuggling.Wildanimalsarenowfacingsevereproblems,butfortunatelymoreandmorepeoplebegintorealizethevalueofwildanimalstoourhuman-beingsenvironment.Asweknow,wildanimalstogetherwithwildplantsconsistofacomplexecosystem,whichissignificanttoournaturalenvironment,providingcleanwater,cleanairandvariousresources.Theyaresoconnectedandinteractedthatevenextinctionofseveralspecieswillleadtoadisastertothewholeecosystem.Furthermore,thevarietyofspeciesandgenesfoundingwildanimalsarecriticalresourcesthatcouldbeutilizedineachcountry'sdevelopment,especiallyinscienceandmedicaInhistory,manyideasoffamousinventionsoriginatedformanimalssuchasultrasonicfrobat.Moreover,therearestillsomanyundiscoveredfieldsofscience,maybewecangetuseofonekindofwildanimalsoneday.Beforethis,wehadbetterkeepthemprotected,particulartosomerarespecies.Someonesaidsafeguardofwildanimalsisawasteofresource,butIdonotagree.Itseemsthatwewouldspendsometime,wealthandmanpoweronthismeaninglessthing.Actuallywealsodothisforhumanbeingourselves.Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Withtherapidprogressofsociety,people’slivingstandardisdramaticallyimproved,withmoreconvenienceandresourcecomingtous.However,ourlivingenvironmentatthesametimeisgettingmorepolluted.Oneeffectofthisphenomenonisthatthereisnotenoughspaceforwildanimalstosurvive,andmanypeopleholdanopinionthatitwouldbeawasteofresourcetoprotectwildanimals.Nevertheless,Ithinkexactlytheoppositeway.Theenvironmentisacomprehensivelybiologicallifecycle,withhumanbeings,animalsandplantsplayingaffectingeachotheraccordingly.Wildanimalsoccupyanessentialpositioninthelifecycle.Let'slookataverysimpleexample.Althoughsnakesareverydangerousandfrightening,theycancatchmice,andmicecandestroythecropaswellassanitarysurroundings.Hereitiseasytounderstandthatiftherearenotenoughsnakes,thenumberofmicewouldgrowrapidly,doingmoreharmtous.Then,shouldnotweprotectthesnake?Actually,wearesavingresourcebydoingthisbecausetryingtosavesomethingthatisalreadydestroyedseriouslycostsmore.Secondly,inpresent,quiteanumberofproblemssuchasdesertificationandriversdriedup,causedbyexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresource,havearisenanincreasingnumberofpeopleawareofenvironmentprotection.Moreandmoreplaces,Ithink,shouldbeplannedforwildanimalsin21stcontrary.Thus,itisobviouslynoticedthatmoretreesareplantedandmorewildlifeconservationareasareplanned,ensuringthatwildanimalswillbeunderprotection.Aswecanseefromtheimprovement,inthe21stcontrary,wildanimalswouldbeleadingahappylife.Tosumup,wecannotlivewithoutwildanimalsduetotheirprofoundeffectsonus.Forthisreason,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthem.Let’srememberonething—protectingwildanimalsisequivalenttoprotectingourselves.Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Biologicaldiversityhasneverbeenasthreatenedasitistodayasaresultoftheprocessofhumancivilization.Thevariousformsofpressurecreatedbyhumanactivityhavedestroyednaturalbalance,ledtothedeteriorationofnaturalhabitats,geneticerosionandtherarity,evendisappearance,ofanumberofplantandanimalspecies.Asthepaceofcivilizationaccelerates,morepeople,takingmorespace,needingtousemorenaturalresources,engaginginever-growingconsumption,imposeseverdeteriorationonthehabitatofanimals.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatthedisappearanceofanimalswillresultinseriousthreattotheequilibriumofecosystem.Simplyput,theextinctionofhawks,rat-eatingbirdseeninmanyregions,willresultintherapidpropagationofrats.Andrats,further,willdestroytheprairiesandthreatentheotheranimalslikegazelles,zebras,andothers,wholiveongrassandgreenlands.Thecoexistenceofanimalsandhumanbeingscreatesperfectharmonyandbringsaboutvividnesstoourplanet.Itishardtoimaginewhatourworldwouldbelikewithoutanimals.Sociologistsalsopointourthatthedisappearanceofanimalscancausesocialandeconomicproblems.Animalstrade,asasupportingsectortotheworldeconomy,wasveryactivebefore.However,thesituationisbeyondcontrolsinceanimalstradeisveryprofitableandalluring.Manyspeciescannotescapetheadversityofbeingkilled.Certainly,ourdietcannotbewithoutmeat.Therearelivingstocks,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientandnutritiousproduce.Therefore,weneednottoresorttowildanimals,especiallytheendangeredones.Toprotectanimalsistoprotectourlivingenvironment.Everyindividualshouldjoineffortstokeepthediversityofanimals.措施类解决方案:Thegapoflivingincitiesandthecountrysideislargerandlarger.Whatarethereasonsinyourcountryandhowtoreducethedifferences?Asthestepofeconomicdevelopmentaccelerates,thegapbetweenthecityandthecountrysidebecomesmoreandmoreovert,whicharousescolossalconcerns.Takeafurtherlookatthephenomenon,therearethreemajorcauses.Firstly,theinsufficiencyofinvestmentintheruralareasaccountsmainlyfortheissue.China,forexample,coversaverylargearea.Duetotheemphasisonthedevelopmentinthecoastalareas,thegovernmentdevotesmoreinvestmentinthelargecities,suchasshanghai,BeijingandGuangzhou.Theinvestment,undoubtedly,isrepaidbythethreefoldincreaseofeconomyandcommerceinthesecities.However,thisisnotthecaseintheruralareaandthewesternregions.Thelackofinvestmentbarrierstheproductivityandeconomicdevelopmentandsharpensthegapbetweenthecityandthecountryside.Secondly,theloweducationlevelintheruralareascontributespartlytothegapofliving.Educationistheprimeforceofproductivity.Keepingthisinmind,manycountriesandgovernmentsgiveprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation.China'seducationwitnessedarapidgrowthinthepastdecade.However,theeducationlevelinthecountrysidestillkeepsverylow.Theenrollmentofprimaryschoolsandsecondaryschoolsismuchlowercomparedwiththeadvancedregions,nottomentionthedevelopedcountriesintheworld.Withoutgoodeducation,thedevelopmentofeconomyandtechnologywouldbedreamdifficulttoberealized.Finally,theinfluxofmigrantworkerstothecitiesformthecountrysidedeterioratestheundevelopedconditionsintheruralareas.Thelifestyleintheurbanareasisveryattractivetothepeopleinthecountryside.Toseekmoreworkingopportunities,manypeopleabandonthefertilelandsandleavethemuncultivated.Ifthesituationcontinues,itwillleadtoseriousunbalanceofeconomicandregionaldevelopment.Tosumup,onlywhenthegovernmentrendersmoreconcernsovertheissuecanthegapbetweenthecitiesandthecountrysidebebridged.Thegapoflivingincitiesandthecountrysideislargerandlarger.Whatarethereasonsinyourcountryandhowtoreducethedifferences?Whenyoulookbacktothelastcontrary,amazinglyyouwillfindthatnotonlyhadallworld’slargestpopulatedcitiesexperienceddifferentpopulationgrowthrates,butalsothedifferencebetweenthecityandthecountrysidehadgrownaccordingly.Tworeasonsofminecanexaminethetendencyasfollowing.Theglamorouscitylifeallureslotsofhumanresourcestomovetothecity,takingmajorcontributionto