2023届高考英语推理判断题+学案学生版

阅读理解……推理判断题

【一、考点分析】

题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓

意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所

提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

【二、知识框架】

提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推断，暗指）等词。对付这

类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。

这种问题的提问方式通常有：

1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfer

that.

2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.../Whatcanwelearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthe

passagethat...

3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.

6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.

7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?

8.Theauthor'sattitudetoward...is?

9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?

这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容

加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意

以下几点：

1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句

不离段，段不离篇'’的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全

可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而

得出符合文章原意的结论。

3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、

判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全•

4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发

展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。

5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进

行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推

理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时.，则常常要纵览全篇文章。

推理判断题常见有以下形式：

1.细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从

文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

【三、典例分析1】

（2019•新课标I卷，B）ForCanaanElementary^secondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andright

nowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oIdisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwho

wouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe's,nervous/Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...^Cnunciation

difficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.44...Vote

for...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoanice

conclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthe

beginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumake

mistakes.t4Ittakesalotforanystudent,“Whaleyexplains,''especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnew

language,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.,,,

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheir

handsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethan

justlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities/7Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroom

notfeelingconfident.^^

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley9sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents'publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents9loveforpolitics

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.

2.因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内

涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从

而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。

【典例分析2】

（2019•全国卷HI,C）

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today

$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,

newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthat

wouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe

1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermrefeiringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeant

anyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible（butnoteasy）tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapers

before1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmost

unknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirsttheprice

ofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperscharged

fiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsell

foronlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures（企业）were

immediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochange

thetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.

3.人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题

高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾

向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：

(1)由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

(2)特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，

尤其是感情色彩的形容词。

(3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

【典例分析3】

Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenager(十几岁的孩

子)problem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpful

childwillturnintoaterribleanimal.

Fveseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,

shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.Isawhimlastweekwhen

Icalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewas

watchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.don'tknow

whattodowithhimthesedays,"shesaid."He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.”

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He5sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewouldlike

tocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatmeand

say,"Idon'tlikeyourdress;it'sugly,"Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhaslefthome.

“Wheredidwegowrong?^^herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthat

unfortunaterace,parents.

1.Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas.

A.lazyB.quietC.unusualD.rude

2.Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters.

A.paynoattentiontothemB.aretoobusytolookafterthem

C.havecometohatethemD.feelhelplesstodomuchaboutthem

3.Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?

A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.

B.Parentsshouldpaystillsoreattentiontothechange.

C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.

D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.

4.篇章结构推断题

根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例

证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构

的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。

【典例分析4】

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingor

whistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthe

timeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds'singing?

A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.

C.Bydescribingbirds'dailylife.D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

5.文章结论推断题

由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。

【典例分析5】

（2019•北京卷,D）

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,

accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseoftheway

lightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolorfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolorvariesfrom

greentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthof

phytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoff

oxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobal

climate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheocean

andcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschanges

totheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolorofthe

oceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butin

somewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturn

greener.4tNotonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,“shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonis

changing.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolorchanges

B.Toanalyzethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【四、课堂练习】

题组一（2019年高考真题）

Passagel（2019•江苏卷，D）

The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer's（阿尔楚海默症）.Hewaslosinghis

memory.

Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwas

histruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.

Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepcatchnightwhenshewas

young.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.

Naomi,Melissa'sbestfriendandatalentedpianist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.

“Whydothis?”Stevewondered.

"Becauseshecares.^^Melissasaid.

Stevenodded,tearsineye.

NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe'dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthe

bench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.

Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano,Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButSteve

pressedon,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.

“Itwasbeautiful.0Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording."Themusicwasworthsaving.^^

Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwasbiddeninrooms

withdoorsabouttobelocked.

NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He'dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,and

thenshe'dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningfor

thefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.

SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcodelines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steve

heardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn'tplayit.

WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,

Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit"Melancholy

Flower”.

Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts,Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey"and

encouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingher

husbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.

Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve'sfavorite,andmostpersonalsongs.WithNaomi'shelp,theGoodwinfamily

foundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve'ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn't.

Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehada

specialoneinmind:^MelancholyFlower”

ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwould

havetoaskSteve'spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.

Aftertheconcert,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve?smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedin

public.

ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan

300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.

Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewas

nowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.

Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Her

fingers.Hisheart.

65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather'smusic?

A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.

C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.

66.AfterhearingSteve'splaying,Naomi.

A.refusedtomakeacommentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusic

C.decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend

67.HowcantheprocessofSteve'srecordingbedescribed?

A.Itwasslowbutproductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.

C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D.ItwasvitalforNaomi'scareer;

68.BeforeStevefinished"MelancholyFlower,"hiswifeJoni.

A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhausted

B.didn'texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtabout

C.didn'tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband'smusic

D.broughtherhusband'smusiccareertoperfection

69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?

A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.

B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.

C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.

D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.

70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheKindnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusic

C.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDetermination

Passage2（2019•浙江卷，A）

ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary（军队的）medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandonthe

Intemet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals'rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.

HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwithdie

nameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPuipleHeart-heearnedonehimselfina

warasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.

ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado'ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewoman

floodedhimwithquestions:"Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?"However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshe

hadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y."Atthatpoint,

Iknewshemeantbusiness,"Zacsays."Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme."

ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,

waskilledinactioninEurope.

BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn'trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitarymedals,theoneZac's

motherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure."Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions（场

合）wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,'*Adelinesays.

Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.4UButasIgrewolder,Adelinesays,Hand

missedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.1*CorradoPiccoli'sPurpleHeartmedal

nowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown.

ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado'smedal,Zacsayshis

recordisnow5for5.

21.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself?

A.Inthearmy.B.Inanantiqueshop.

C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.

22.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim?

A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.

C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.

23.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?

A.Herparents9advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.

C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.

Passage3（2019•全国II卷，C）

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforher

salad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechteFs"me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snot

alone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastalone

andnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,

accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,

whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworks

throughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnsto

workfeelingenergized.<4Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,“shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchattheba匚Helikesthathecan

sitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittle

interaction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,“hesaid."It'sachanceforself­

reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.,,

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefelt

awkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyat

thetable.uItdoesn*tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,saidLaurieDemerit,whose

companyprovidedthestatisticsfbrthereport.

28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.

29.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?

A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.

C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.

30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.

B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofseif-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

Passage4（2018•天津卷，D）

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainst

debtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-

knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,

andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscover

newvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.Emnottalkingaboutthosewhofail

togettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.Fmtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhave

adoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthen

becometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesare

everywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.

Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anidea

thattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaning

inourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittle

egos（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（视...等同于）“commitment“withsuch“caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoing

anyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhether

theyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They*velearned

life'smostvaluablelesson.

51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabaniertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationfbrlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【五、家•作业】

题组二（2018年高考真题）

Passagel（2018・新课标卷H,C）

Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublished

Monday.

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreading

remainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.

Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,"theproportion（比例）whosaythey'hardlyever9readforfunhasgone

from8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.^^

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.But

theamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourper

session.

Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）parentslookingfordataabout

theeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlydueto

concernsaboutincreasedscreentime.

Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportant

guidesfbrtheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedto

infrequentreaders,hav