2022-2023学年甘肃省定西市重点中学高二（上）期末英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年甘肃省定西市重点中学高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AJOBSATHOLKERGraduateDataAnalyst

FollowingarecentreorganisationwithintheHolkerGroup，anewroleofGraduateDataAnalystistobecreatedtosupporttheHolkerGroupReportingFunction.Thisisanewgivenworkingwithinasmallteam.

Althoughbasicallywearelookingfordataanalyst/reportingskills，therewillbeaneedtoaccepttasksinotherareasoftheIT/Businesscycle.

SkillRequirements：

Asadataanalyst，youwillneedto

●Developandtrackkeyperformanceindicators，usingdatadashboards，graphsandvisualisations.

●Manipulate，analyseandinterpretcomplexdatasetsrelatingtotheemployer'sbusiness.

●Mineandanalyselargeanddiversedatasets，drawingoutkeyinformationandpresentingthemsuccessfullytomanagementusingMicrosoftBI.

●Preparereportsforinternalandexternalstakeholdersusingbusinessanalyticsreportingtools.

●Gather，understandanddocumentdetailedbusinessrequirementsusingappropriatetoolsandtechniques.

●Identifyareastoincreaseefficiencyandautomationofprocesses.

●Developrecordsmanagementprocessesandpolicies.

●Identify，evaluateandimplementexternalservicesandtoolstosupportdatavalidationandcleansing.

Salary：£20-25kdependentonexperience

Hours：Normalofficehoursare9：00amto5：00pmbutthepersonappointedwillberequiredtoworkextrahoursthatarereasonablyrequiredtoachievetheirduties.

StaffBenefits（员工福利）：

●YearlyLeave

●CompanyPension

●CompanyDiscounts

●FreeOn-siteparking

PleaseapplyprovidingyourCV（简历）andcoveringlettertoGlynBiggs-Glyn@holker.co.ukorbymailtoTheEstateOffice，Cark-in-Cartmel，Grange-over-Sands，CumbriaLA117PH

Closingdateforapplications：16thOctober2022.1.WhoisfitforthejobwantedatHolker？______A.Asoftwaredesigner. B.Anactivityplanner.

C.Anadvancedbusinessmanager. D.Agraduatedataanalyst.2.Whichofthefollowingcanyouhaveifyouareemployed？______A.Salaryofover£25，000. B.Freeparkingoutside.

C.Workinghoursofover8. D.Paidyearlyleave.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom？______A.Anapplicationletter. B.Acompanywebsite.

C.Anacademicarticle. D.Asciencereport.BIhadjustdeliveredamemorizedspeech，andIwasabouttolearnhowthejudgesdecidedmyperformance．Theaudienceleanedforwardandaperiodofsilencefellacrosstheroom．Ifeltthedrumrolledinmyheart．

Thethird-placewinnerwasannounced．Thenamewasnotmine．Thenthesecond-placewinner，stillnotme．Atlast，themomentoftruthcame．Iwasabouttoeitherenjoythewarmthofvictoryorregretthemonths'preparation．Myheartfeltclosertothelatter．

Losingisapartoflife，andIhavedealtwithitonmorethanoneoccasion．However，itwasanindescribablefeelingtodrivea200-mileroundtripgetupveryearlyonafreezingSaturdaymorning，andyetstillfinishfourthoutoffourcompetitorsinmygroup．AfterLincolnlostthe1858IllinoisSenaterace，hesaid，"Ifeltlikethe12-year-oldboywhokickedhistoe．Iwastoobigtocryandithurttoobadtolaugh．"Ohyeah，Icouldrelate．

IhadspentmanyhoursinfrontofacomputerandinlibrariesdoingresearchfortheLincolnBicentennialSpeechContest．Afternotplacinginthefirstyearofthecontest，Ireallywantedtocompeteagain．Lincolnhadmanyfailures，butheneverallowedthemtodefeathisspiritorambition，soIwasnotgoingtogiveuponasecondcontest!Ireworkedmyspeechforthefollowingyear，butagainIdidnotplace．

Icouldn'tacceptthefactthatIfailedtwiceinsomethingthatIhadworkedsohardon，untilIthoughtaboutmyhero．Nevermindthelostprizemoneyandpraise．ThroughlearningstoriesaboutLincoln，IdiscoveredthatIcanfailsuccessfully．4.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterfinishinghisspeech？______A.Excited B.Relaxed C.Nervous D.Confident5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph3？______A.Hewasdisappointedwithhispreparations.

B.Hehurthistoesonthewaytothelibrary.

C.Hegotuplateonthedayofthecontest.

D.Hewasbottomofhisgroup.6.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoenterthesecondcontest？______A.Thewarmthofthevictory.

B.TheinspirationfromLincoln.

C.Hiseagernessfortheprizemoney.

D.Hisdesiretoshowhimselfonthestage.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.Learntofailsuccessfully B.Nevermindothers'judgments

C.Lincoln-myhero D.Losing-anindescribablefeelingCTheUnitedStateshasabout475，000schoolbuses--allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25，000，000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel（柴油）fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune.

BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanSchoolBusCouncil.Hesaysfuelpricesforschoolsarenotmuchlowerthanothershavetopay.Asaresult,schoolsarelookingforwaystoreducetransportationcosts.Busroutesarebeingredrawnor,insomecases,canceled.Someareasarebuyingbusesthatusenaturalgasorotheralternativefuels.Otherstepsincludefewerfieldtripsandlesstravelbysportsteams.Andsomeschooldistrictsmayendanybusservicenotrequiredbylaw.

Studiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanSchoolBusCouncilsayscutsinbusservicearebadforchildrenandpossiblytheenvironment.Itsaysremovingbusesfromtheroadwillmeananincreaseinothervehiclestransportingstudents.SpokesmanBobRileysaysanotherconcernisthatreducingbusservicesmightreduceattendance.

Butitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree-year-oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.TheUnitedStateswillcelebrateWalktoSchoolDayonOctobereighththisyear.Butforsomestudents,highfuelpricescouldmakeeverydayawalk-to-schoolday.8.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus？______A.Highfuelprices'influencesonschoolbuses.

B.Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.

C.Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.

D.TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3？______A.Cutsinbusservicewillhavenegativeresults.

B.TheUSgovernmentisencouragingcutsinbusservices.

C.TheUSschoolsaresearchingforthesafesttransportationmeans.

D.Reducingbusservicewilldoalotofgoodtotheenvironment.10.Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT______.A.changingsomebusroutes

B.stoppingsomebusroutes

C.askingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschool

D.usingothertypesoffuels11.TheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchoolencouragesmorechildrentowalkorbiketoschoolinorderto______.A.savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountry

B.keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschool

C.makethechildrenliveasimplelife

D.keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentcleanDEveryyear,companieslikeGoPromanagetopackmoreandmorefunctionsintosmallerandsmalleractioncamerasthatarelessnoticeabletowear.ButateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofWashingtonhavemanagedtobuildalive-streamingwirelesscamerathat'ssosmallthatevenaninsectcanwearit.It'snotquitesmallandlightenoughtobeheldtoafly,butataround250milligrams,thecamerawassuccessfullycarriedbyabeetle.

Althoughthecamerainsideamodernsmartphoneiscertainlytiny,it'stoolargeandheavyforaninsecttocarryoncethebatteriesareadded.Capturingmillionofpixels（像素）witheveryshotrequiresalotofimageprocessing,whichinturnrequiresalotofpower.Takinganalternateroute,theresearcherscopiednature'sapproachtohowfliesseetheworld.Theirlargecompoundeyescannotonlydetectmotionacrossawidefieldofview（it'swhythey'resodifficulttohit）butalsofeatureasmall,high-resolution（分辨率）regionthatcanfocusontheirtargetswhichhelpsreducetheloadontheirtinybrains.

Givenitssizeandlow-powerapproach,thecamera'sstreamingabilitiesaresimilarlylimited,withaBluetoothconnectionthatmaxesoutatadistanceofroughly120meters,requiringaremoteoperatortobefairlyclosetothecameraatalltimes.However,batterylifeissurprisinglydecent.Thecameracanrunforuptotwohours,buttoextendthat,theresearchersincludedanaccelerometersothatit'sonlycapturingandbroadcastingimageswheneverthebeetleismoving.Thatcanincreasethecamera'sbatterylifetooversixhours.

Theresearchersacknowledgethattheirdesigncertainlyraisessomeprivacyconcerns,givenhoweasyitisforinsectstofindtheirwayintoyourhome.Butthecameracouldprovideentomologists（昆虫学者）withnewinsightsintohowinsectscrosstheirenvironment,respondtothreatsinthewild,andevenprovideacloserlookattheirsocialstructures.12.Whatisthefeatureofthenewcamera？______A.It'ssmall-sizeandlow-weight.

B.Ittakesmuchclearerpictures.

C.Itcanperformtasksintheopenair.

D.Itprotectsbeetlesfromtheirenemies.13.Whatdotheresearcherslearnfromfliesforthenewcamera？______A.Howtoenlargeitsvision.

B.Howtocapturethetarget.

C.Howtosavepowerofitsbattery.

D.Howtomakesharpturnsduringflying.14.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"decent"inParagraph3？______A.casual B.adequate C.beneficial D.unsatisfactory15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothedesignofthenewcamera？______A.Critical. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable. D.Objective.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Movetowardsnaturewhenfeelingdown.Miraclesdohappenifyoutry.Accordingtostudies，walkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed.（1）______There'splentyofresearchshowingthelinkbetweenbeinginnatureandbeinghappy，butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults.

（2）______Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy，researchersnotethatwithenvironmentalissuessuchasglobalwarming，morestudiesarefocusingontherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnaturetofindsolutionstotheseproblems，andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions.However，fewstudiesfocusonthisaspect.

Forthestudy，researchersworkedwith206childrenbetweentheagesof5and15.Tomeasurehowconnectedtheyweretonature，thekidswereaskedhowmuchtheyenjoyactivitieslikeseeingwildflowersandwildanimals，hearingsoundsofnatureandtouchinganimalsandplants.（3）______Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature，themorelikelytheyweretobehappy.

So，exposuretonatureisrelatedtoactivebehaviorsandhappinessofchildren.Whatdoesthatmeantoadults？Asweallknow，childrenusuallytendtofollowadults'，especiallytheirparents'behaviors.That'stosay，whenadultsareoutsideandappreciatenature，kidslearnbyexample.（4）______

Researcherssaythatchildrenneedrolemodelswhocangentlyguidethemtonaturewithexcitementandanattitudeofalifelonglearner.（5）______What'smoreimportantisthattheyspendtimetogetherwithchildrenbyexploringafunandsafeenvironment.

A.It'ssoadventurousgoingforawalkaroundtrees.

B.Researcherswillstudymoreabouttheconnectionbetweenchildren'sperformanceandnature.

C.Andifparentsenjoybeingclosetonature，sowilltheirchildren.

D.Parentsdon'thavetobeexpertsinenvironmentalscienceornaturestudies.

E.Theyfoundthatthekidsconnectedtonatureweremorelikelytobehaveproperly.

F.Inanewstudy，researcherswantedtoseeifkidsgetthesamebenefitsfrombeingoutdoors.

G.Evenjustsmellingthetreeshelpsreduceanxiety.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）WhenIwasyoung，mymothercouldnoteven(21)a50-centchocolatebarforme.However，insteadoffocusingonpoorness，mymotherselflessly(22)metofightforsuccesssothatIcouldleada（an）(23)life.Sheworkedlonghourseverynighttosupportthefamily.(24)shewouldfindtimetoplaywithmysister，Emily，andme.Althoughldidnothavetwoparents，Iwaslovedand(25)justasmuch.

Notalloflife'smilestones（里程碑）wereeasy.Someevenleft(26)tastewhenmymothermarriedamaninMaryland.Thefirstfewmonthsweregreat：baseball，dinnerstogetherandmovies.Itfeltlikewewerethe(27)all-Americanfamily.Thenthings(28).Screamingmatchesbetweenmystepfatherandmymotherruineddinners，andheexchangedmovieticketsforwine.

Wespentfiveyearslivinginafamilysettingthathadtunedintoa(29)zone.Toourgreatrelief，theyfinally(30)andwesettledinTexas，whereMomisstillworkinghardforabetterlife.Now，asIwritethisarticlewithsomedarkchocolateathand，IrealizemyfamilyandIareatthe(31)pointofourlives.Ihavesucceededbothinmy(32)andpersonality.Ihavebeen(33)myhungerforknowledgeandIamto(34)fromhighschool，notmakingabitterproductofmyenvironment，forIknowhardtimesinlifearealsolearningexperiences.(35)，likecandy，canbethesweetesttreatofall.21.

A.afford B.deliver C.break D.discover22.

A.permitted B.pushed C.invited D.warned23.

A.independent B.peaceful C.interesting D.comfortable24.

A.Instead B.Still C.Otherwise D.Thus25.

A.educated B.blamed C.observed D.punished26.

A.similar B.strong C.bitter D.common27.

A.creative B.healthy C.energetic D.perfect28.

A.happened B.continued C.changed D.disappeared29.

A.time B.war C.safety D.friend30.

A.gatheredround B.movedoff C.brokeup D.wentaway31.

A.weakest B.closest C.lowest D.best32.

A.work B.study C.politics D.sport33.

A.satisfying B.feeling C.controlling D.reducing34.

A.suffer B.escape C.graduate D.separate35.

A.Patience B.Belief C.Devotion D.Success四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Tabletennisfirst（1）______（appear）duringVictorianEngland.Tabletennisdidn'tbecomeacompetitivesportuntil1988.Nowtabletennisnotonlyisamatterofcompetition，butalsoprovidesanopportunityforpeopletoplaytogethernomatterwhattheiragesare.Thereisadayforpeople（2）______lovetabletennistospreadtheirloveforthesport.It（3）______（call）WorldTableTennisDay.

TheInternationalTableTennisFederationhastakentabletennistoa（4）______（complete）newlevel.ITTFtriestomaketabletennispopulararoundtheworld.（5）______（achieve）thisgoal，in2015ITTTFcreatedWorldTableTennisDaytogetpeopleinterested（6）______tabletennis.Sincethenithasbeencelebratingthedaysothatmorepeoplecanlearnabout（7）______sport.

WorldTableTennisDayiscelebratedby（8）______（organize）activitiesinthestreets，clubs，bars，schools，workplacesetc.Peoplecanregisterforallthese（9）______（event）ontheInternettojoinintheworldwidecelebration.Ifyou'relookingforotherwaystocelebrateWorldTableTennisDay，youcanchoosetowatch（10）______（excite）tabletennisgamesonTVonthedayandtellyourfriendswhatdayitis.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.为了帮助学生更多了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（NCP），学校邀请了复旦大学附属华山医院（HuashanHospitalAffiliatedtoFudanUniversity）的张文宏教授在线作讲座。假如你是校学生会主席李华，请根据所给提示，代表学生会用英语写一则通知，要点包括：

（1）主讲人；

（2）讲座时间和地点；

（3）参加对象；

（4）注意事项（下载钉钉；安装软件；扫描QR代码…）。

注意：

（1）词数100词左右，标题和结尾已为你写好。

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

（3）参考词汇与词组：下载钉钉downloadDingtalk；

办公应用软件officeapplication；安装install；扫描QR代码scantheQRcode

NOTICE______

StudentUnion38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数为150词左右。

HernamewasMrsThompson.Andasshestoodinfrontofthe5thgradeclassontheveryfirstdayshelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshelovedthemallthesame.ButthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.MrsThompsonhadwatchedTeddytheyearbeforeandnoticedthathedidn'tplaywellwiththeotherchildren,thathisclothesweremessyandthatheconstantlyneededabath.ShepaidnoattentiontoTeddy.

However,whenshereadhisfile,shewasinsurprise.Teddy'sfirstgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh.Hedoeshisworkneatlyandhasgoodmanners...heisthejoytobearound."Hissecondgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyisanexcellentstudent,welllikedbyhisclassmates.Butheistroubledbecausehismotherhasadeadlyillnessandlifeathomemustbeastruggle."Histhirdgradeteacherwrote,"Hismother'sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.Hetriedtodohisbestbuthisfatherdoesn'tshowmuchinterest."Teddy'sfourthgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyiswithdrawnanddoesn'tshowmuchinterestinschool.Hedoesn'thavemanyfriendsandsometimessleepsinclass."Bynow,MrsThompsonrealizedtheproblemandshewasashamedofherself.Shethoughtthatshecouldmakeadifference.

ShefeltevenworsewhenherstudentsbroughtherChristmaspresents,wrappedinbeautifulpaperandtiedwithprettyribbons,exceptforTeddy's.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.MrsThompsonopeneditinthemiddleoftheotherpresents.Someofthechildrenstartedtolaughwhenshefoundastonebracelet（手镯）withsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume（香水）.

注意：

1．续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1：

MrsThompson,whosevoicechokedupwithtears,thankedherstudentsfortheirpresents._________.

Paragraph2：

Tenyearslater,TeddyinvitedMrsThompsontoattendhisweddingashismother._________.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据GraduateDataAnalyst（数据分析管培生）部分中FollowingarecentreorganisationwithintheHolkerGroup，anewroleofGraduateDataAnalystistobecreatedtosupporttheHolkerGroupReportingFunction.（在霍尔克集团最近进行重组后，将设立一个新的数据分析管培生职位，以支持霍尔克报告职能部门。）可知，选项C"数据分析管培生"适合霍尔克想要的工作。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据Salary：£20-25kdependentonexperience（工资：20-25000英镑，取决于经验）可知，工资根据个人经验而不同，排除A项；根据Hours：Normalofficehoursare9：00amto5：00pmbutthepersonappointed（委任的）willberequiredtoworkextrahoursthatarereasonablyrequiredtoachievetheirduties.（时间：正常办公时间为上午9：00至下午5：00，但被任命的人员将被要求额外工作以完成其职责。）可知，被任命的人员工作时间将会超过八小时，B项正确；根据StaffBenefits（员工福利）：●YearlyLeave●CompanyPension●CompanyDiscounts●FreeOn-siteparking（●年假●公司养老金●公司折扣●免费现场停车）可知，公司有年假，但未说明是否是带薪年假，排除D项；文中提到免费现场停车而不是室外免费停车，排除C项。故选C。

（3）文章出处题。根据标题JOBS

AT

HOLKER（霍尔克招聘），以及倒数第二段PleaseapplyprovidingyourCV（简历）andcoveringlettertoGlynBiggs–Glyn@holker.co.ukorbymailtoTheEstateOffice，Cark-in-Cartmel，Grange-over-Sands，CumbriaLA117PH（请向GlynBiggs–Glyn@holker.co.uk申请提供简历和求职信或邮寄至坎布里亚州金沙庄园CarkinCartmel的地产办公室，邮编：117PH）可知，该文章出自公司网站。A.An

application

letter.申请信；B.A

company

website.公司网站；C.An

academic

article.学术文章；D.A

science

report.一份科学报告。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了关于霍尔克集团招聘数据分析管培生的具体要求，工资待遇及联系方式等。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】（1）C．推理判断题．根据文章第一段末尾句内容"I

felt

the

drum

rolled

in

my

heart．（我感觉到鼓在我心里滚来滚去．）"可知，作者很紧张．A．Excited激动的，B．Relaxed放松的，C．Nervous紧张的，D．Confident自信的．C项符合语境．故选C．

（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段内容"However，it

was

an

indescribable

feeling

to

drive

a

200-mile

round

trip

get

up

very

early

on

a

freezing

Saturday

morning，and

yet

still

finish

fourth

out

of

four

competitors

in

my

group．（然而，在一个寒冷的周六早上很早起床，驾车往返200英里，却在我们组的四名选手中名列第四，这是一种难以言表的感觉．）"可知，作者在本组选手中位列末尾名次．选项D"He

was

bottom

of

his

group．（他是他那组的最后一名．）"与原文信息表达一致．故选D．

（3）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段内容"Lincoln

had

many

failures，but

he

never

allowed

them

to

defeat

his

spirit

or

ambition，so

I

was

not

going

to

give

upon

a

second

contest!（林肯有过很多失败，但是他从来没有让失败打败他的精神和雄心，所以我不打算在第二次比赛中放弃!）"可知，是林肯的精神鼓舞了作者再次参加比赛．故选B．

（4）A．标题归纳题．通过阅读可知，文章为记叙文，结构为分总结构，主要讲述了作者认真准备演讲比赛后还是输掉了比赛，十分伤心，他用林肯的话和经历来鼓励自己正确面对生活中的失败，在文章末尾点明文章主旨"Through

learning

stories

about

Lincoln，I

discovered

that

I

can

fail

successfully．（通过学习林肯的故事，我发现我也可以成功地失败．）"选项A"Learn

to

fail

successfully（学会成功地失败）"贴合主旨要义，可作最佳标题．故选A．

这是一篇记叙文．文章主要讲述了作者认真准备演讲比赛后还是输掉了比赛，十分伤心，他用林肯的话和经历来鼓励自己正确面对生活中的失败：学会成功地失败．

了解文章的主要论题的关键是找到全文的主旨句．对于记叙文来说，篇章结构一般为总分总结构或分总结构，因此，主旨句有时在首段，但也有主旨句出现在末尾的时候．出现在末尾的主旨句是对文章主题的升华，由此判断标题会更加准确．

8~11.【答案】A、A、C、D【解析】（1）A.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Thepricenearlydoubled,

toadollarand

8

cents,

bytheendofschoolinJune.            到6月份放学时，价格几乎翻了一番，达到1美元8美分。第二段Asaresult,

schoolsarelookingforwaystoreducetransportationcosts.          因此，学校正在寻找降低交通成本的方法。由此可判断本文主要讲的是不断增长的油价，让很多的地方的校车都在减少，引起了一系列的影响和变化。故选A.

（2）A.推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句"The

American

School

Bus

Council

says

cuts

in

bus

service

are

bad

for

children

and

possibly

the

environment."可知，这个美国校车委员会表示校车服务的减少对儿童以及环境都是有坏处的。由此可见，校车服务的减少会带来消极的结果。结合选项可知，故选A，

（3）C.细节理解题。由第二段的第四句"Bus

routes

are

being

redrawn

or,

in

some

cases,

canceled."和第五句"Some

areas

are

buying

buses

that

use

natural

gas

or

other

alternative

fuels."可知，校车路线被再次规划，或者在某些情况下，被取消。一些地区将购买使用天然气或者其他替代燃料的公交车。由此可见，为了减少交通成本，很多学校采取了改变一些校车路线，取消一些校车路线，或者使用其他燃料。结合选项可知，选项C表达的是"要求父母开车送孩子上下学"，这并未提及。故选C。

（4）D.细节理解题。由最后一段的第四句"The

goal

is

to

increase

physical

activity

and

reduce

air

pollution."可知，这个目的是为了提高体能活动并且减少空气污染。由此可见，国家安全上学路线中心鼓励更多的孩子走路或者骑车去上学是为了保持孩子们的健康和干净的环境。结合选项可知答案选D.

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述校车由于柴油价格的增长被做调整甚至取消，这将可能对学生不利，但是也可能让跟多的学生选择走路或者骑车上学。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】A、A、A、B【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段"But

a

team

of

researchers

from

the

University

of

Washington

have

managed

to

build

a

live-streaming

wireless

camera

that's

so

small

that

even

an

insect

can

wear

it."

（但华盛顿大学的一组研究人员已经成功制造出了一种无线实时摄像装置，它非常小，连昆虫都可以戴上它。）

可知，这种新摄像头既小又轻。故选A项。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Their

large

compound

eyes

can

not

only

detect

motion

across

a

wide

field

of

view

（

it's

whythey're

so

difcult

to

hit

）

but

also

feature

a

small,high-resolution

（分辨率）

region

that

can

focus

on

their

targets,which

helpsreduce

the

load

on

their

tiny

brains."（它们的大复眼不仅可以在广阔的视野中检测运动（这就是为什么它们很难被击中），而且还具有一个小的、高分辨率的区域，可以聚焦在它们的目标上，这有助于减少它们微小的大脑的负荷。）可知，研究人员为摄像机从苍蝇身上学习到的是如何扩大摄像机的视野。故选A项。

（3）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句"The

camera

can

run

for

up

to

two

hours,but

to

extend

that,the

researchers

indluded

anaccelerometer

so

that

it's

only

capturing

and

broadcasting

images

whenever

the

beetle

is

moving

That

can

increase

the

camera'sbattery

life

to

over

six

hours."

（这种相机可以运行两个小时，但为了延长时间，研究人员还安装了一个加速计，这样它就只在甲虫移动的时候捕捉和播放图像，这样相机的电池寿命就可以延长到六个小时以上。）

可知，这种电池只是暂时的，研究人员还在改进中，而A项casual临时的，非正式的，符合题意。A.casual随意的；B.adequate充足的；C.beneficial有益的；D.unsatisfactory不满意的。故选A项。

（4）B.观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句"The

researchers

acknowledge

that

their

design

certainly

raises

some

privacy

concerns,givenhow

easy

it

is

for

insects

to

find

their

way

into

your

home."

（研究人员承认，他们的设计确实引起了一些隐私问题

，因为昆虫很容易找到进入你家的路。）

以及最后一句"But

the

camera

could

provide

entomologists

（昆虫学者）

with

new

insights

into

howinsects

cross

their

environment,respond

to

threats

in

the

wild,and

even

provide

a

dloser

look

at

their

social

structures."（但这架相机可以让昆虫学家对昆虫如何穿越环境、如何应对野外威胁有新的认识

，甚至可以更仔细地观察昆虫的社会结构。）可以推知虽然这款相机可能会侵犯人类的隐私，但也对昆虫研究起一些帮助。可以看出作者对这款摄像机的设计仍怀有怀疑态度。A.Critical批评的；B.Doubtful怀疑的；C.Favorable有利的；D.Objective客观的。故选B项。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了GoPro公司新研发的一种小到可以使昆虫携带的无线实时摄像头，并介绍了它的功能及原理和所存在的一些缺陷。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。

其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】G、F、E、C、D【解析】（1）-（5）GFECD

（1）G．联系上文题．根据上文Miraclesdohappenifyoutry．Accordingtostudies，walkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed．如果你努力的话，奇迹确实会发生．根据研究，在树林中散步可以让我们放松．可知说的是在树林中散步对情绪的影响，G选项：即使只是闻一闻树的味道也有助于减轻焦虑．意思相符，故选G．

（2）F．推理判断题．根据上文butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults．但大多数研究都集中在成年人身上．可知下文可能说对儿童的研究，根据下文Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy，…andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions．However，fewstudiesfocusonthisaspect．，解释这项研究的动机…，地球的未来掌握在孩子们的手中，掌握在他们的行动中．然而，很少有研究关注这一方面．根据下一段Forthestudy，researchersworkedwith206childrenbetweentheagesof5and15．在这项研究中，研究人员对206名5至15岁的儿童进行了研究．可知F选项：在一项新的研究中，研究人员想看看孩子们是否能从户外得到同样的好处．意思相符，故选F．

（3）E．联系下文题．根据下文Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature，themorelikelytheyweretobehappy．他们还发现，孩子们对环境和自然越关心，他们就越可能快乐．可知讲述了大自然对孩子的影响，alsofound是关键词，可知前面还有found，E选项：他们发现，与大自然有联系的孩子更有可能举止得体．意思相符，故选E．

（4）C．联系上文题．根据上文

when

adults

are

outside

and

appreciate

nature，kids

learn

by

example．当成年人在外面欣赏大自然时，孩子们会以此为例来模仿．可知C选项：如果父母喜欢亲近自然，他们的孩子也会喜欢．意思相符，故选C．

（5）D．推理判断题．根据上文Researchers

say

that

children

need

role

models

who

can

gently

guide

them

to

nature

with

excitement

and

an

attitude

of

a

lifelong

learner．研究人员说，孩子们需要榜样，他们能带着兴奋和终身学习的态度，温和地引导他们走向自然．而下文What's

more

important

is

that

they

spend

time

together

with

children

by

exploring

a

fun

and

safe

environment．更重要的是，他们花时间和孩子们一起探索一个有趣和安全的环境．可知这个榜样是父母，他们只是一起探索大自然，不必是专业人士，可知D选项：父母不必是环境科学或自然研究方面的专家．意思相符，故选D．

本文讲述有大量的研究表明，身处大自然会让我们放松，但大多数研究都集中在成年人身上，本文介绍了大自然与孩子的关系．

关于七选五的做题步骤：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置．通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾．不同位置的句子有不同的特征．

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构．

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意．

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词．

步骤五：区分相似项．

21~35.【答案】A、B、D、B、A、C、D、C、B、C、D、B、A、C、D【解析】（1）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.afford支付得起；B.deliver传送；C.break打破；D.discover发现。根据下文She

worked

long

hours

every

night

to

support

the

family可知她每天晚上长时间工作来养家。说明当我小的时候，母亲买不起一块50分的巧克力。故选A。

（2）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.permitted允许；B.pushed推；C.invited邀请；D.warned提醒。句意：我的母亲无私地推动着我为成功而战。故选B。

（3）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.independent独立的；B.peaceful和平的；C.interesting有趣的；D.comfortable舒服的。根据上句my

mother

selflessly（2）me

to

fight

for

success可知我的母亲无私地推动着我为成功而战，以致于我能过上一种舒适的生活。故选D。

（4）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead相反地；B.Still仍然；C.Otherwise不然的话；D.Thus因此。句意：母亲每晚工作长时候后仍然找时间和我们玩。故选B。

（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.educated教育；B.blamed惩罚；C.observed观察；D.punished惩罚。根据上文she

would

find

time

to（5）with

my

sister，Emily，and

me.可知母亲每晚工作长时候后仍然找时间和我们玩。说明虽然我没有两个父母，但是我如那般被爱和教育。故选A。

（6）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.strong强壮的；C.b