系统解剖泌尿系统英文

系统解剖泌尿系统英文第1页/共27页UrinarySystem泌尿系统★CompositionKidney肾－formurineUreter输尿管－conducturinefromkidneystobladderUrinarybladder膀胱－receivesandstoresurineUrethra尿道－conductsurinefrombladdertoexteriorofbody(discharged)第2页/共27页Kidney肾★GeneralfeaturesBeanshaped,reddish-brownorgansSuperiorextremity－broadandthinInferiorextremity－narrowandthickAnteriorsurface－convexPosteriorsurface－flatLateralborder－convex第3页/共27页Kidney肾Medialborder－concave★

Renalhilum肾门－averticalslitonthemedialborderofkidney★

Renalpedicle肾蒂

－thestructureswhichenterandleavetherenalhilum，includingtherenalvein,renalartery,renalpelvis,lymphaticvesselsandnervesOrderofstructuresintherenalpedicleFromanteriortoposterior－renalV,renalA,renalpelvis.Fromsuperiortoinferior－renalA.renalV.renalpelvis.第4页/共27页Kidney肾★Renalsinus肾窦TherenalhilumextendsintoalargecavitywithinthekidneyContents:Occupiedbytherenalvessels,minorrenalcalices,majorrenalcalices,renalpelvisandsomeadiposetissue第5页/共27页kidney★Renalstructure肾的结构Renalcortex肾皮质renalcolumns肾柱Renalmedulla肾髓质Renalpyramids肾锥体

(15～20)Renalpapilla肾乳头Papillaryforamina乳头孔Minorrenalcalices肾小盏

(7－8)Majorrenalcalices肾大盏

(2～3)Renalpelvis肾盂Renalcortexconsistofrenalunits，whichproducestheurine第6页/共27页kidney★CoveringsofkidneyFibrouscapsule纤维囊Fattyrenalcapsule脂肪囊Renalfascia肾筋膜第7页/共27页kidneyCoveringsofkidneyFibrouscapsule纤维囊

Astrongfibrouscapsulewhichstripseasilyfromanormalkidneysurfacebutadheresfirmlytoanorganthathasbeeninflamed第8页/共27页kidneyFattyrenalcapsule脂肪囊

Athickadiposeconnectivetissuecapsule,surroundsthefibrouscapsuleItactsasashockabsorbertoprotectthekidneyfromjoltingandjarringRenalfascia肾筋膜Onoutside,surroundsboththekidneyandsuprarenalglandHoldingtheseorgansinplace第9页/共27页kidney★PositionofKidney

Liebehindtheperitoneum,highupontheposteriorabdominalwalloneithersideofthevertebralcolumnUpperpolenearertomediaplanthanlowerpole第10页/共27页KidneyLeftkidney

LiesatthelevelfromthelowerborderofT11tointervertebraldiscbetweenL2-L3The12thribisbehinditsmiddlepartofthepostsurfaceRightkidney

Liesslightlylowerthantheleftkidney,atthelevelfromtheupperborderofT12toL3The12thribisbehinditsupperpartofthepostsurfaceRenalhilumAtthelevelofL1About5cmfromtheposteriormedianline★RenalregionTheareabetween12thribandthelateralmarginoferectorspinae第11页/共27页Renalsegments肾段

Thekidneyisdividedintofivevascularsegmentsandeachissuppliedbyabranchoftherenalartery;betweenthesegmentsthereisnoanastomosis.RenalsegmentsSuperiorsegmentSuperioranteriorsegmentInferioranteriorsegmentInferiorsegmentPosteriorsegment第12页/共27页Resincorrosioncastofhumankidneys.Ureter,pelvisandcalycesareyellow;aorta,renalarteriesandtheirbranchesarered.第13页/共27页

CoronalmultisliceCTscansoftherightandleftsuprarenalglands.第14页/共27页CTrenalvenogram.AcquiredfromamultisliceCTexaminationandreconstructedasa3Dsurfaceshadedreformat.第15页/共27页VariationsRenalcalculus(stoneinthekindey)第16页/共27页肾功能衰竭kidneyfailure

尿毒症uremia/toxuria肾移植kidneytransplantation

第17页/共27页Ureters输尿管Musculartube,about20-30cmlongand0.5-1.0cmwide(diameter)★

DivisionsAbdominalpart输尿管腹部－descendonthepsoasmajorbehindtheperitoneumPelvicpart输尿管盆部－infemales,passes2cmlateraltotheneckofuterusandliesbelowtheuterinearteryIntramuralpart输尿管壁内段－passesobliquelythroughthebladderwallfor1.5cmlong第18页/共27页Ureters输尿管★Threeconstrictions1stconstriction:atpelvouretericjunction2ndconstriction:whereuretercrossesthepelvicinletandiliacvessels3rdconstriction:atintramuralpart第19页/共27页MultisliceCTurogram.Coronalreformatshowingtheenhancingrenalparenchymaandbothuretersalongtheirentirelength.第20页/共27页MultisliceCTurogram.3D-surfaceshadedreformatshowingthekidneys,ureters,bladderandsurroundingbonyanatomy.第21页/共27页

Stoneinureter第22页/共27页Urinary

bladder膀胱★

Generalfeatures

－pyramidalinshapewhenempty,havingApex膀胱尖Fundus膀胱底Bodyofbladder膀胱体Neck膀胱颈Normalvolumofbladderadult：350-500mlmaxium：800mlnewborn：1／10ofadult第23页/共27页Urinary

bladder膀胱★Trigoneofbladder

膀胱三角SmoothtriangularareaatinnersurfaceofthefundsofbladderFormedbyinternalurethralorificeanteriorlyandtwouretericorificeslaterallyInthisareaabsentssubmucosallayer,wherethemucousmembraneisfirmlyadherenttothemuscularcoat,andisalwayssmooth

★

Interuretericfold

输尿管间襞

MuscularelevationBetweenuretericorifices.第24页/共27页Urinary

bladder膀胱★Position

Intheadult,itliesinthelesserpelvis,behindthepubicsymphysis,infrontofseminalvesicle,ampullaductusdeferentisandrectuminthemale,andinfrontofuterusandvaginainthefemale.Intheyoungchildtheempty