2022-2023年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

BeforeChantakesherofficetheU.N.agencywillbeledbyDr.AndersNordstromofSwedenwhowasappointedas______inMay.

2.

Atlast,Sam'sappleisputintheashtrayonthedeskintheinterviewroom.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Thepointofprogramminglanguagesistopreventourpoorfrailhumanbrainsfrom______.

4.

Peopleusuallyplacetheirtrustinfamouspeople.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.It'sthemonitoringfunctionthatmakesthehostprocessorfinallysolveadisputeaboutatransaction.

6.

By______,manyMicrosoftworkersmanagedtogetquicker,easieraccesstodataandmaketheirhigh-techtoolslessdistracting.

7.

Accordingtopreparednessexperts,ifacityhasatleast500hospitalbedsforevery100,000residents,itcouldfind______inanemergency.

8.(10)

9.

Crammerscanimprovetheirgradesbyaddinginformal______beforetheoverwhelmingpressureison.

10.Mostofthefoodsgrownandprocessedaccordingtothefederalstandardswillbeartheseal______.

11.

______havetriedhardtopersuadewomennottomarry.

12.

Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.HeleneHegemann,whosenovelincludespassagesliftedfromothers,statedthatwhatmattersisnothingbut______.

14.

Insulatingandsealingupyourhousecansaveyou______.

15.

Windcurrentsturnouttobemoreactiveincolderareasinthenorthernhemisphere.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Inone's60sand70s,peopleshouldstrengthenfunctionalfitnesswhichadaptstheirworkoutstoward______.

17.Whatdowelearnaboutstressfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Stressisasurpriseforyou.

B.Stressmakeslifedullandunexciting.

C.Morestressful,moreflavorfultolife.

D.Togetcontrolofthestressisagreatchallenge.

18.

the______canbeusedwhenconsideringtheculturesofdifferentgroups.

19.Thisgivesusgoodreasontohopethatifweacttosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsthatstillremain,wewill______.

20.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof__________________andotherhydrocarbongases.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(15)

A.Mondaymorning.

B.Mondayafternoon.

C.Wednesdaymorning.

D.Fridayafternoon.

22.

【B2】

23.听力原文：JoeSmithhadbeenbroughtupinanorphanage.Heenviedpeoplewhowererichanddecidedthatwhenhegrewuphecouldmakealotofmoney.

Unfortunately,Joewasnotcleverandhefailedallhisschoolexams."IwilleitherhavetofindagoodjoborIwillhavetobecomeathief."Joesaidtohimself.Heknewhewouldneverfindawell-paidjob.

ForseveralmonthsJoewatchedabankoutoftown.Henoticedwhenithadthefewestcustomers.Hewatched,waitedandplanned.

Oneafternoonhefoundthatonlytwotellerswereondutythere."Iwilleithersucceedandbeveryrichorfailandgotoprison."saidJoe.Hewaswillingtotaketherisk.

Thenhewatchedinandpushedademandnoteoverthecounter.Thetellerreadit,turnedpaleandquietlyopenedasmallsafebehindhim.Hetookout$50,000andplacedthebanknotesinJoe'sopenbag.ThenJoeranasfastashecould.

ThatnightJoehadtoburymoneyincasethepolicecaughthim.Hechoseadesertedpieceoflandnearthehouse,hewasgladwhenthemoneywassafelyhiddenintheround.

Thenextdayhewaswokenbybangsonhisdoor.Heansweredandtherecametwopolicemen."JosephSmith,youareunderarrestforrobbingabank!"

Joeprotestedinvain.Thebankhadhiddencamerasandthewholeraidhadbeenphotographed.Joewascaughtandintoprison.

TenyearslaterJoewassetfree.Hemadesurenoonewasfollowinghimandquicklymadehiswaytothespotwherehehadburiedthemoney.

Neitherhappinessnormoneywaitedforhim,however.Abigbuildinghadbeenbuiltonthesite.

(33)

A.Hethoughtthathewouldeitherfindagoodjoborhewouldbeathief.

B.Hesaidthathewouldbecomerichbywayofrobbingthebank.

C.Hesaidthathecouldrobtherichoftheirmoney.

D.Hemightberichifheworkedharder.

24.(24)

A.TheUnitedStatesCopyrightOfficecreatedit.

B.Itdoesnotprotectartists'techniquesandprocedures.

C.Ithasnotbeenchangedsinceitscreation.

D.Itisappliedonlytocopiesoftheoriginalwork.

25.听力原文：M:MayItakeamake-upexamnextweek?

W:It'snotmypolicytogivemake-upexams,butthecircumstancesinyourcaseareexceptional.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(13)

A.Themanisanexceptionallyexcellentstudent.

B.Thewomanisnotallowedtogivemake-upexams.

C.Thestudent'srequestwillbegranted.

D.Thestudentwon'tbeabletocompletethecourse.

26.【B4】

27.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：I'dliketosharewithyoutodaymyexperiencewithanewapproachtobuildingahouse.It'scalledEnvelopBuilding.Essentially,whatitmeansisthatasyouarebuildingahouse,youtrytoleavethelandscapefeatureontheland,especiallythevegetationintheoriginalcondition.Sowhatyouarenotdoingistheusualpracticeofland-scraping.BywhichImeanliterallyscrapingorcleaningthelandofanyandalltheoriginalplants.WhyistheapproachcalledEnvelopBuilding?Becauseinsteadofclearingeverythingaway,youletyouroriginallandscapeelementsenveloporsurroundyourhouse.LettheVegetationphysicalfeaturessuchashillsandslopesorinterestingrockformations,constitutedasignificantpartofthecharacterofthebuildingsight.Thedesignofthehouseshouldtakethesefeaturesofthepropertyintoaccount.Actuallyintegratingyouroriginalwildlandscapewithahouseisnotthatnew.ThefamousAmericanarchitectWrightwasdoingitabout65yearsago.Soweareingoodcompany.EnvelopBuildingisnotaseasyasitsoundsthough.It'snotjustthatyoubuildyourhouseandleavethelandalone.Bybuilding,youarealreadydamagingtheoriginallandscape.Butasarchitects,weshouldtrytoworkwithenvironment,hotagainstit.Acreativearchitectcanfindwaystoincorporatenaturallandscapeintotheoveralldesign.Forexample,Wrightusedthemassivebouldersonthesideofoneofthemostfamoushousesaspartofthehousefoundation.

(27)

A.Eliminatingtheoriginalvegetationfromthebuildingsite.

B.Markingthehousesinanareasimilartooneanother.

C.Decidingwhereahousewillbebuilt.

D.Surroundingabuildingwithwildflowersandplants.

28.(29)

A.Togiveussomeadvicebeforewetravelabroad.

B.Toofferussomeimportantfactsabouthandshaking.

C.TointroduceustosomedifferentcustomsintheWest.

D.TotellussomedifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWest.

29.听力原文：M:Hello.

W:Hello,Dad?

M:YesMary!Howareyou?Isthereanythingwrong?

W:Oh,no.I'mjustcallingtoseehowyouandMomare.It'sbeenquiteawhilesinceIsawyoulast.

M:Oh,we'rebothfine.Yourmotherisdownatthenewshoppingcenter,shopping.

W:Foranewdress?

M:No,forshoesthistime.How'sTom?

W:He'sfine.HelikeshisworkandwasgivenaraiselastmonthbyMr.Davis.Wewereallprettypleasedaboutthat.

M:Yes,andIthinkyoushouldbe.Andhowarethechildren?

W:Well,Billy'shomefromschooltoday.It'snothingserious,justabadcold.Andit'shisbirthday,too.

M:Oh,IthoughthisbirthdaywasMay24th.

W:No,the23rd.

M:Well,that'stoobad.Tellhimwesenthimapresent.

W:Allright.Sally'stakingdancinglessons.

M:Shemustbeprettygoodbynow.I'dliketoseehersometime.Andhow'sTed?

W:He'sOK.Helovesworkingoncarsandhasapart-timejobatthegaragenow.

M:Well,it'scertainlygoodtohearyourvoice.Whenareyoucomingforavisit?

W:Notforafewmonths,I'mafraid.ButIhopewecancomeforafewweeksthissummer,probablyinJuly.

M:Thatwouldbenice.Callagainsoon.

W:OK,Dad.Nicetalkingtoyouandgladeverything'sallright.GiveMomourlove.

M:Allright.Goodbye.

W:Goodbye,Dad.

(23)

A.BecauseshewantedtoknowiieverythingwasOKwithherparents.

B.BecauseshewantedtoinvitedherparentstoBilly'sbirthdayparty.

C.BecauseshewantedtotellherparentsthateverythingwasOKwithherchildren.

D.BecauseshewantedtotellherparentsthatTomwasgivenaraise.

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:ThisisMrs.William.Myheaterdoesn'tworkproperly.Andweatherforecastsaysthetemperatureisgoingtofallsharplytonight.Couldyougetsomeonetocomeoverandfixit?

M:Weareverybusynow.ButI'llspeaktooneofourmentogooversometimetoday.

Q:WhomdidMrs.Williamwanttocomeover?

(12)

A.Amechanic.B.Arepairman.C.Amanager.D.Asalesman.

31.(32)

A.AmericanEnglish.

B.BritishEnglish.

C.BusinessEnglish.

D.Non-Englishlanguages.

32.

【B8】

33.【B3】

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecue(烤肉)restaurant,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.

Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.

KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers'fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttoopenothercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttocopythemenu,theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildings.

TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald'shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.

(27)

A.Thedevelopmentoffastfoodservices.

B.HowMcDonald'sbecameabillion-dollarbusiness.

C.ThebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonald.

D.RayKroc'sbusinesstalent.

35.听力原文：M:What'sNeilgoingtodowhenheleavesschool?

W:Untilafewmonthsagohewasgoingtogotouniversity,buthe'schangedhismind.Nowhereckonshe'sgoingtomakeitinthepopworld.

M:Andhowdoyouparentsfeelaboutthat?

W:Wethinkhe'smakinganenormousmistake.

M:Butsurelyhecangobacktohisstudiesifhismusiccareerfails.

W:That'strue,butoncehegetsatasteoffreedom,he'llfinditmoredifficulttogobacktocollege.Ijustthinkit'ssuchawasteminthreeyears'time,he'llhavegothisdegreeandhe'llstillbeyoungenoughtotryoutthemusicbusiness.Atleastifitdoesn'tworkouthe'llhaveaqualificationbehindhim.

M:Haveyoudiscussedthiswithhim?

W:Ofcourse,buthe'smadeuphismind.We'rejusthopingthathe'llgetoutofhissystemandthencometohissenseandgobacktohisstudies.WhenIleftschoolIdidn'tgoontouniversity,andI'veregrettediteversince.Ijustdon'twanthimtomakethesamemistakeasIdid.

M:Willyousupporthimwhilehe'stryingtobeapopsinger?

W:Youmeanfinancially?No.Hewon'tbelivingathome,andwecan'taffordtopayforhimtoliveinLondon,soit'suptohimtomakeitwork.

(20)

A.Gotouniversity.

B.Got6amusicschool.

C.Starthismusiccareerasapopsinger.

D.Startabusinessinthemusicworld.

36.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Bytheearly1900's,manypeopleintheUnitedStatesbegantoworryabouttheuseofalcoholbycitizens.Itwaspossiblethatthedrinkingpeoplecouldbecomea(36)______tothemselvesandthepeoplearoundthem.Alcoholmakestheirbodiesdon't(37)______asquicklytodanger.Longtimeuseofalcoholcancause(38)______damagetoorgansinthebodysuchastheliver.

In1905,threestatesmadeitillegaltodrinkorhavealcoholwithinthestate.By1912,ninestatesmadealcohol(39)______.In1916,twenty-sixoftheforty-eightstateshad(40)______theuseofalcohol.In1919,membersofCongresspassedtheEighteenthAmendment,whichmadeitillegaltomake,sell,or(41)______alcoholintheUnitedStates.Prohibition(42)______beganonJanuary16,1920.Oftentimeswhenalawispassed,itseemstobean(43)______forsomepeopletotryandgetaroundthatlaw.ThishappenedoftenduringProhibition.TheVolsteadActspelledout(44)____________.Alcoholasamedicinewasstillallowed.Adoctorcouldprescribealcoholtoapatient.(45)____________.

Ifyoulookclosely,youwillseethattheEighteenthAmendmentsaysyoucan'tmake,sell,ortransportalcohol.(46)____________.Aguardwasatthedoortomakesurenogovernmentagentstriedtocomeintotheclub.

37.听力原文：M:Prof.Robertseemssoserious.

W:Buthislecturesarequitehumorous,aren'tthey?

Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkingaboutProf.Robert?

(14)

A.Heisveryquiet.

B.Hegivesamusinglectures.

C.Heshouldgivemorethanoneseriesoftalks.

D.Helecturesonlytotheseriousstudents.

38.(28)

A.Thefamilytreeisfairlylimited.

B.Thefamilytieisstrong.

C.Thenameiscommonlyused.

D.Nobodyinthefamilycomplains.

39.(21)

A.He'snoisy.

B.He'smessy.

C.Hehastoomanyboxes.

D.Hegoestoclassalone.

40.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文："[26]Switchingoffthetelevisionmayhelppreventchildrenfromgettingfatter,eveniftheydonotchangetheirdietorincreasetheamounttheyexercise,"USresearcherssaidlastweek.

Astudyof192thirdandfourthgraders,generallyagedeightandnine,foundthatchildrenwhocutthenumberofhoursspentwatchingtelevisiongainednearlytwopoundslessoveraone-yearperiodthanthosewhodidnotchangetheirtelevisiondiet.[27]Thefindingsareimportantbecausetheyshowthatweightlosscanonlybetheresultofareductionintelevisionviewingandnotanyotheractivity.Americanchildrenspendanaverageofmorethanfourhoursperdaywatchingtelevisionandvideosorplayingvideogames,andratesofchildhoodbeingveryfathavedoubledoverthepast20years.

Inthestudy,presentedthisweektothePediatricAcademicSocieties'annualmeetinginSanFrancisco,theresearcherspersuadedaboutl00ofthestudentstoreducetheirtelevisionviewingbyone-quartertoone-third.Childrenwatchingfewerhoursoftelevisionshowedasignificantlysmallerincreaseinwaistsizeandhadlessbodyfatthanotherstudentswhocontinuedtheirnormaltelevisionviewing,eventhoughneithergroupateaspecialdietortookpartinanyextraexercise.

[28]Oneexplanationfortheweightlosscouldbethechildrenunstucktothetelevisionmaysimplyhavebeenmovingaroundmoreandburningoffcalories.Anotherreasonmightbeduetoeatingfewermealsinfrontofthetelevision.SomestudieshavesuggestedthateatinginfrontoftheTVencouragespeopletoeatmore.

(27)

A.Childrenwillgetabsent-mindediftheyplayvideogames.

B.Childrenwillgethealthieriftheychangetheirdiet.

C.ChildrenwillimprovetheirgradesiftheystopwatchingTV.

D.ChildrenwillloseweightiftheyspendlesstimewatchingTV.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris______thepresentsituation.

A.criticalofB.puzzledbyC.disappointedatD.amazedat

42.

Whatwouldbethemostlikelytopicfortheauthortoaddressinsucceedingparagraphs?

43.

Theauthorimpliesthatallelomimeticbehavior.occursmostoftenamonganimalsthat______.

A.preyonotheranimals

B.arelessintelligentthantheirenemies

C.moveingroups

D.haveonesenseorganthatdominatesperception

44.

TheexampleprovidedinParagraph3isusedtoillustratetheideathat______.

A.historyismainlyshapedbyimportantevents

B.theinterpretationofhistorycanbequitedifferent

C.thereisnostandardinjudginghistory

D.BritainandtheUnitedStateshashadanuneasyrelationshipfromthestart

45.

【C9】

46.

Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.

A.itwillbedifficultforscientiststodevelopavaccineforwomen

B.HIVinfectswomeninthesamewaywithmen

C.mostwomenhavecontractedavarietyofHIVfromseveralmen

D.itwillbeeasytodevelopavaccineformen

47.

Indiesecondparagraph,theword"real"in"realgoods"couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

A.highqualityB.concreteC.utterD.authentic

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Areorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoodsoverconventionallygrownandmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.Advocatesoforganicfoods—atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly—frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.

ThegrowinginterestofconsumersinthesafetyandnutritionalqualityofthetypicalNorthAmericandietisawelcomedevelopment.However,muchofthisinteresthasbeensparkedbysweepingclaimsthatthefoodsupplyisunsafeorinadequateinmeetingnutritionalneeds.Althoughmostoftheseclaimsarenotsupportedbyscientificevidence,thepreponderanceofwrittenmaterialadvancingsuchclaimsmakesitdifficultforthegeneralpublictoseparatefactfromfiction.Asaresult,claimsthateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandfromthebasisforfolklore.

Almostdailythepublicisbesiegedbyclaimsfor"noaging"diets,newvitamins,andotherwonderfoods.Thesearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrains,andthelike.

Onethingthatmostorganicallygrownfoodproductsseemtohaveincommonisthattheycostmorethanconventionallygrownfoods.Butinmanycasesconsumersaremislediftheybelieveorganicfoodscanmaintainhealthandprovidebetternutritionalqualitythanconventionallygrownfoods.Sothereisarealcauseforconcernifconsumers,particularlythosewithlimitedincomes,distrusttheregularfoodsupplyandbuyonlyexpensiveorganicfoodsinstead.

Theword"advocates”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

A.Consumers.B.Merchants.C.Inspectors.D.Proponents.

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:they.mustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.

Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,"MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagance(奢侈)wecouldn'tafford."Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters(临时照看小孩的人),transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.

Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.

Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisoned(被囚禁)iftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.

Frommyownexperience,Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimesthedecisiontogobacktoismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn'tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl'seyes.

Whichwordinthefirsttwoparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?

50.

AccordingtothesurveysintheUS，____.

A.bullyingamongadultsisalsorising

B.parentsarenotsupervisingtheirchildrenwell

C.parentsseldombelievebullies

D.mostparentsresorttocallingtodealwithbullying

51.

Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelifeofworkingmothersinthepast?

A.Theyturnedtotheirparentstolookaftertheiryoungchildren.

B.Theyhadtodoallthehouseworkafterreturningfromwork.

C.Theysoughtforjobsthatrequiredonlyafewworkinghours.

D.Theywerenotallowedtoleaveforfamilyduringworkinghours.

52.Inthehistoryofartspatronage(资助，赞助),entrepreneurs-turned-connoisseurs(艺术品鉴赏家，行家)areayoungdevelopment.Theworld'sgreatestmuseumstheLouvre,Hermitage,Pradobeganaslavishcivilization-is-powerstatementsbymonarchsandemperors;privateindividualsdidnotemergeassignificantmuseumpatronsbeforethe19thcentury.Untilagenerationago.thosewantingtoleavetheirmarkinbricksusuallydidsoinaroomoftheirowninastatemuseum:theDuveenGalleriesatTateBritain,theAbbyAldrichRockefellerGalleryatNewYork'sMuseumofModernArt.Butinthepast15years,thathaschanged:worldwide,collectorsseekimmortalityinglassandsteel,throughamuseumoftheirown,designedbyanarchitectoftheirchoosing.

Thesearenotlatter-dayHenryTatesorPavelTretyakovs,democraticvisionarieswhopaidforbuildingsanddonatedcorecollectionstokick-startevolvingnational,state-runinstitutions.Museumbuildersofthe1990sand2000s,bycontrast,areproductsoflatecapitalism,dedicatedtomorepersonalprojects,withanindividualisticflavor.TheyrepresentthelegacyofThatcher-Reaganwordsofchoice,privatephilanthropy(慈善机构),me-generationcelebrity.

Together,theseandscoresmorebringdiversityandflattenoldgeographicalhierarchies.InIstanbul,collectorSakipSabanci'smuseum,foundedin2002,isthefirstevertoshowwesternmodernisminTurkey.ThankstoDominiquedeMenil,thegreatestcollectionofpaintingsbyCyTwombly,wholivesinItaly,isonpermanentshowinHouston,Texas,inagallerydesignedin1995byRenzoPiano.In1996thelatecollectoranddealerHeinzBerggmenlaunchedhisMuseumBerggrueninBerlin,givingGermanyitsonlyPicassocollection.

Isallforthebestinthebestofallpossibleworlds?Certainly,moreprivatemuseumsmeanmoreartondisplayformorepeopletosee.Today'scollectorsarereluctanttobequeath(遗赠)toestablishedmuseums,wherespaceshortagesmeanworksmaygostraightintostoreroomsandstaythere.Bycontrast,adedicatedmuseummaintainstheintegrityofacollection,keepingtogetheroutstandinggroupsofworks,assembledwithpersonalflair,inbuildingsdesignedtoenhancethem.RenzoPiano'slight,see-through1997constructionforErnstBeyeler'scherry-pickedmodernistpaintingsinBaselistheshiningEuropeanexample.Forcontemporarywork,privatecollectorshaveparticularadvantages:freeofstatebureaucracy,theycanrespondquicklytothefastpace,andshowworkinwaysthataretooradicalfortraditionalmuseums.

HowdidtheLouvre,Hermitage,andPradomuseumsoriginateaccordingtothepassage?

A.Donationsoftherichestcollectors.

B.Patronageofprivateindividuals.

C.Collectionsofconnoisseurs.

D.Encouragementsandapprovalbyrulers.

53.

Inthelastparagraph,"monopolize"probablymeans______.

A.holdB.earnC.leaveD.pay

54.

AccordingtoNewton'sprinciple______.

A.theforceofgravitykeepsplanetsorbitingaroundthesunratherthanflyingoff

B.thesunisthemostmassiveobject,makingup99.8percentofthemassofthesolarsystem

C.theamountofmassdeterminehowfasttheobjectstravelastheyorbiteachother

D.Plutoreceivestheleastforceofgravityfromthesunofalltheplanetsinthesolarsystem

55.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Theauthorisangrythattheearth'snaturalresourcesarebeingdestroyedbyhuman'senemies.

B.Peopleareturningadeafeartotheirowndestructivebehavio