初中定语从句讲解练习

初中定语句讲解及练一、定：在复合句中，修饰某一或代的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatI上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关系词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和系副词where,when、why*关系词常有三个作用：1引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关代词引导的语从句*1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthis*2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalked注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Theman(who/whom)youjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymost(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)hebought(which在句子中做宾语)*4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.在句子中做主语)(2)Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthis(在句子中做宾语*5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatheradoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokensoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookcolor=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichis*具体使用还要注意下问题：1、只能使that,不which的情况：*1）先行词是,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时thereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnotonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

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4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,用which或who，以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that情况：*1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroomwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.*

Hehasadaughter,worksinahospital.3)先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性*4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中which可以作主语也可以作宾语或表语多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.*

关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinforyears.*像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencare三、关副词引导的语从句*1、when：当主句中的先行词即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语放在定语从句句首果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：I’neverforgetthetimewhenworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.(=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。Theday(that)Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that以省略)

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2当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecityThisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语)Thatisthefactory(that)visitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略)*

注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when地点名词后就一定用关系副词where，在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是系代词关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如Dontforgetthetime(that)vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间(that用作told的宾语)I’neverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。用作状语)Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)Heworksinthefactorywherefatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where状语)That’sthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)*英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke可改为Thisishowhespoke(how引导是表语从句)，当然也可说成Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hespoke.(其中的inwhich可省略)*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Sundayisaholiday,whendonotgotowork.星期天是假日这天）人们不上班。Hetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heisonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowtheaccident.评卷人

得分一、单项选择1．"WhatshouldIgetmymumforher”“Why_____herascarf?"

A.don'tyouB.doC.are3．－hadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?－.Hegotuptoolate.A.hadhe,Yes.B.hadn'the,Yes.C.didhe,No.4．—He’twatchedmovie“SoYoung”,hashe?—________.Hetoldmeit’sverymovingandinteresting,he’dliketowatchitA.Yes,hehasB.Yes,hehasnC.No,hehasn’tD.No,hehas5．Therelittleimportantnewsthenewspapertoday,A.isn’tthereisthereC.isitD.arethere6．I’thinkthenewly-directedfilmbyZhaoweiisasinterestingaspeoplesay,_______?A.doyouB.’titC.isitD.’you7．-----YouaregoingtovisittheGreatWall,_____?-----That’sright.A.areyouB.aren’youC.’tyou8．---Youneverhavesweetsnacks,do---_______Thoughknowthey’rebadforourhealth.A.YesB.NoC.Yes,donD.No,Ido10．childrenhadtorepeatthatstorytwice,________they?A.’B.hadn’C.didD.had11．—Thereislittlewaterleftinthebottle,______?—No,weneedtobuybeforewerunoutofit.A.isthereB.isnthereC.isitD.isnit12．Therelittleimportantnewsthenewspapertoday,A.isn’tthereisthereC.isitD.arethere13．—He’notmarriedLaura,____?—____.TheywillcelebratetheironeyearofmarriagethisSunday.A.hashe;YesB.isYesC.hashe;NoD.isNo14．manoverthereisournewteacher,_________?A.isheB.isthereC.’theD.isnthere15．Let’goswimmingtorelaxourselves,_______?A.doweB.willyouC.shallwe16．–TaobaoisthelargestshoppingwebsiteinChina,_________?–Yes,itisverypopularA.isitB.isnitC.aretheyD.aren’tthey17．—Rose,wewillstartatsixtomorrowmorning.Don'tbelate,_______?—_______.I'llbethereontime.A.won'tyou;Yes,IwillB.willyou;Yes,IwillC.willyou;No,Iwon't18．—Tom’sneverdoneextraworkforhisclass,_______he?—_______.Heisthelaziestboyinhisclass.A.has;YesB.is;NoC.is;YesD.has;No19．Sallyhasfewfriendshere,?A.didsheB.doesn’tsheC.sheD.hasn’tshe20．Ihearthegirlwearingglassesisyournewclassmate.playstheviolinquitewell,_______?A.isn’B.don’tsheC.’she21．—She’alreadybacktoNantong,______?

—______.SheisonavisittoTokyo.A.isn’she,NoB.’she,NoC.isntYesD.hasn’tshe,Yes22．WecanhardlytellwithouttheInternetwillbelikeinthefuture,_________?A.canweB.can’C.willitD.won’it23．Therewasaloudcryfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended,_______?A.wasn’tthereB.wasthereC.didn’titD.didit24．–Huangoftenspeakstoforeigners,_________?–Yes,shewantstopracticeherspokenEnglish.A.doesn’tsheB.issheC.doessheD.isn’she25．—Mycousinoftenhasforbreakfast,______she?—______.BecausesheoftengetsandisafraidofbeinglateforA.has;YesB.doesnt;NoC.does;NoD.hasn’t;Yes26．hardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,________?A.’heB.heC.doesn’heD.didhe27．Sheneverseensuchawonderfulfilm,_______A.isB.isn’tC.D.hasn’t28．—Therearestillmanyoldcitywallsin’an,_______?—Yes,thereare.A.arethereB.aren’tthereC.aretheyD.aren’tthey29．—Youhaven’tbeentoinHangzhou,—_______.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,haven’tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven’t30．LilyneverbeentoHainan,________she?A.isB.isn’tC.hasD.hasn’t31．——Youaren’tastranger,areyou?——,don’tremembermeattheschoolgatetenminutesago?A.Yes,toseeB.No,seeingC.No,sawD.Yes,seeing32．canseeanythingthedarkroom,_____?A.can’B.canyouC.’weD.we33．There’refeworangesthebox，_____A.aren’ttheyB.aren’tthereC.aretheyD.arethere36．---Mikeseldomhasbreakfastathome,_______?---_______thismorning.A.doeshe;No,buthedidB.doeshe;No,hehasn’tC.hashe;Yes,hehasD.hasn’the;Yes,hedoesn’t37．—Thereislittlewaterleftinthebottle,______?—No,weneedtobuybeforewerunoutofit.A.isthereB.isnthereC.isitD.isn’tit38．wantstoplayfootball,_______?A.doesn’tJimB.JimC.doesn’the.doeshe

39．Doingsportsisforyourhealth,_______A.isitB.aretheyC.isnitD.’tthey40．—He’s