20182019版英语新导学必修五北师大通用版讲义UNIT15PERIODSIX

PeriodSixGrammar&Writing单元语法——Thirdconditional&Wishandshouldhave单句语法填空1．Iwishitwere(be)springalltheyearround.2．Ifyouhadarrived(arrive)tenminutesearlier，youcouldhaveseenthemoff.3．It’stimethatwewent/shouldgo(go)totherailwaystation.4．Iftheyhadn’thelped(not，help)us，ourexperimentwouldhavefailed.5．You’refiveminuteslate.Isuggestedthatyou(should)come(come)earliertomorrow.6．Thesmileonherfacesuggeststhatsheagrees(agree)withme.7．Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyoucame(come)nextmonthforavisit.8．Shouldtheweatherbegoodtomorrow，wewouldgo(go)climbing.9．Were(be)Iyou，Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.10．Icouldn’thavegone(not，go)throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.虚拟语气常表示某种情况与事实不相符或表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇或设想等。它常用于非真实条件句中，根据其表达的时间不同主从句的虚拟结构也有所不同。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用时间从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be动词的过去式通常用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形Ifhewerehere，Iwouldexplaintohimmyself.要是他在这里我就亲自向他解释了。Ifyouhadtakenyourteacher’sadvice，youwouldnothavefailedtheexam.如果你听从了你老师的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow，wewouldstayathome.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。二、混合条件句在虚拟条件句中，有时主句和从句所表示的时间并不一致，此时应分别针对不同的时间使用不同的动词形式。Ifhehadjoinedthearmythirtyyearsago，hewouldbeageneralnow.如果30年前他参了军，他现在就是将军了。(从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在事实相反的假设。)三、含蓄条件句1．非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，如用butfor，without，with，otherwise，or等词语。Givenmoretime，hecouldhavedoneitbetter.再多给点时间他可能会做得更好。Withoutyourhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedourworkontime.没有你的帮助，我们不可能按时完成我们的工作的。2．有些句子没有任何表示条件的单词、短语或句子，但意义隐含在上下文中，所以它们也需要用虚拟语气。Hetoldmeaboutyourcoming，orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.他告诉我你来了，否则我就一无所知了。四、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装当虚拟条件从句中含有were，should，had时，可以省去if，而将它们移到从句句首构成倒装结构。IfIwereinyourplace，Iwouldn’tdothat.＝WereIinyourplace，Iwouldn’tdothat.如果我处在你的位置，我不会做那件事。Ifyouhadturnedtome，Iwouldhavehelpedyou.＝Hadyouturnedtome，Iwouldhavehelpedyou.如果你请我帮忙，我就帮你了。Ifitshouldrain，wewouldputoffthematch.＝Shoulditrain，wewouldputoffthematch.如果天下雨，我们就推迟比赛。五、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用在名词性从句中也会出现虚拟语气结构。1．在宾语从句中(1)表示要求、建议或命令的动词，如suggest，order，request，advise，insist，demand，command等，后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语常用shoulddo结构，should可以省略。DadsuggestedthatI(should)haveatalkwithher.爸爸建议我和她谈谈。Theworkersinsistedthattheirwages(should)beincreased.工人们坚决要求涨工资。注意：suggest表示“表明”，insist表示“坚持说”时后面的从句应用真实语气。HerpalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandIsuggestedthatsheshouldgotoseethedoctor.她苍白的脸色表明她生病了，我建议她应该去看医生。(2)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，常用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。Iwouldratheryouhadn’tletoutthesecret.我真希望你没把这个秘密泄露出去。(3)wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况；用“would/could＋动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的情况。HowIwishIcouldliveanotherfivehundredyears.我真希望我还能再活五百年。IwishIhadfollowedherinstructionsthen.我多么希望我那时听从了她的指示。2．在表语从句和同位语从句中在表示要求、建议或命令的名词如suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should)do”结构。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)learnanotherforeignlanguage.我的建议是我们应该学习另外一门外语。Hisproposalthatthey(should)takeimmediatemeasuressoundsreasonable.他建议他们立刻采取措施，这一建议听起来很合理。3．在主语从句中当主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等时应用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should)do”结构。常用句型为“It’sstrange/necessary/important/apity/suggested/vital/desired/proposed/essential/natural...that...”。It’sapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.他拒绝接受这个报价真是遗憾。Itisstrangethathe(should)besorude.真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。六、虚拟语气在其他固定句式中的使用1．It’s(high)timethat...后面的从句用过去时或其谓语用“shoulddo”结构(此时should不可省略)。It’shightimethatyouranghimup.＝It’shightimethatyoushouldringhimup.你该给他打电话了。2．在ifonly引导的感叹句中，其虚拟语气的用法与wish后的用法相同。IfonlyIhadcometwodaysearlier!我要是早来两天就好了！Ifonlyhewerehere！要是他在这里就好了！3．在asif/asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中，用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。Hetalksasifhewereanexpert.他说起话来似乎是一个专家。Theinjuredmanactedasifnothinghadhappened.那个受伤的男子表现得仿佛什么事也没发生过一样。注意：asif/asthough引导的从句如果与事实相符，则应用真实语气。Helooksasifheisgoingtobeill.他看起来似乎要生病了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput(put)touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.(2017·北京)2．—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise，Iwouldn’thavebeen(not，be)abletoreachheryesterday.(2017·天津)3．Were(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers，thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017·江苏)4．Ifithadnotbeen(not，be)forhisinvitationtheotherday，Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016·江苏)5．Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone，Iwouldhavebeeninjured(injure)．(2016·天津)6．Withouthiswartimeexperiences，Hemingwaywouldn’thavewritten(not，write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015·重庆)7．IwishIhadbeen(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015·天津)8．Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwewouldhave(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015·安徽)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Someclassmatessuggestwecan或eq\f(can,should)gotoplacesofinterestnearby.(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)2．Ifyoueq\f(are,were)me，wouldyoutalktothem？(2015·四川，短文改错)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifyouhadworked(work)hardyesterday，youwouldbetirednow.2．Shoulditrainthisafternoon，thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.3．Theteacheradvisedthateveryminute(should)bemade(make)gooduseofhere.4．I’dratheryouhadseen(see)thefilmyesterday.5．ItistimethatIwent/shouldgo(go)topickupmydaughteratschool.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6．IwishIeq\f(have,had)gonewithhimtoEngland.7．Hadshefeltwell，Lucywouldeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(have))cometoclasstoday.8．Themansuggestedthattheywill或eq\f(will,should)leavethebuildingatonce.9．Ifhehadtakenhisparents’advice，heeq\f(will,would)beacollegestudentnow.10．Itishightimeweeq\f(would,should)gotoschool.Ⅲ.完成句子11．真想不到我们俩会在这里见面。It’sstrangethatwe(should)meethere.12．如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会，我们彼此就不会认识了。Ifwehadn’ttakenpartinMary’sbirthdayparty，wewouldn’thaveknowneachother.13．如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow，youwouldbebetternow.14．他说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。HetalkedabouttheGreatWallasifhehadbeentherebefore.15．我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·福建闽侯八中高二期中)Areyoufacingasituationwherelooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblyalongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland，Ohio.Itwasunimaginablethatitcaneverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatitwasactuallycaughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneofmostoutstandingexampleofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysandevenafewmonths.Thattookyearsofworktoreducingtheindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveriscleanthanever.答案Areyoufacingasituationeq\f(where,which/that)looksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwaseq\f(terribly,terrible)alongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland，Ohio.Itwasunimaginablethatiteq\f(can,could)everbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatitwasactuallycaughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneofeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))mostoutstandingeq\f(example,examples)ofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdayseq\f(and,or)evenafewmonths.eq\f(That,It)tookyearsofworktoeq\f(reducing,reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveriseq\f(clean,cleaner)thanever.

单元写作——Apersonalessay个人随笔主要是写自己的所见所闻(或按提示要求去写)，并适当谈谈自己的心得体会或看法、建议等。它不拘一格，短小精悍，形式灵活，可以描写或评论，或夹叙夹议或抒情等。其主要特点是层次和结构比较简单，内容单一(如写学校、环境等)，写作材料易于收集(主要是身边的世界，比较熟悉)，利于用已学知识表达生活中的内容。在写作时，要注意把握主题，然后围绕主题安排相关的个人信息或背景材料，支持细节等。譬如写学校，就要注意地理位置、科目、课外活动、理想中的学校等，然后安排好段落，层次清晰地进行表达。1．Atthemoment，Igotoaseniorhighschoolinmyhometown.It’squite...2．Myperfectschoolwouldbeinthecentreofthecity，butneara．..3．Studentswouldstudyalltheschoolsubjectssuchas...However，therewouldalsobesomenewoptionalsubjects，forexample...4．Therewouldbemanyafter-schoolinterestgroups，suchas...5．Inconclusion，Ithinkmyschoolwouldhaveagoodvarietyofactivities—somethingforeveryone.“少年强则国强”。为圆中国梦，每个人都应有自己的梦想。回首自己的成长历程，畅想你未来的路。目前，《中学生英语报》正以“MyDream”为题向中学生征文。请根据内容要点提示，写一篇100词左右的短文应征。内容要点：1．你的梦想是什么？2．你为实现梦想做过什么？3．为实现梦想你还需要做什么？注意：可适当增加细节，以使文章内容充实、连贯。明确要求虽然个人的梦想与中国梦相比显得那么渺小，但是，每个人都应该有自己的梦想。本文要求根据“少年强则国强”这个主题展开。要求回首自己的成长历程，并畅想未来的路。内容要包括自己对梦想的理解，自己为实现梦想做过什么和为实现梦想还需要做什么。确定段落Para.1展示自己的梦想Para.2解释自己的梦想形成的原因(含自己所做的事情和将要做的事情)Para.3对上文进行概括联想词汇1．梦想成为……dreamtobe2．玩电脑游戏playcomputergames3．期中考试mid-termexam4．想要放弃thinkaboutgivingup5．面对困难facethedifficulties6．在我的老师的帮助下withthehelpofmyteacher7．多亏了thanksto8．实现某人的梦想makeone’sdreamcometrue句式升级1．我梦想成为一位受欢迎的老师，因为我希望能带给孩子们知识和快乐。(一般表达)Iwanttobeapopularteacherinthefuture.IhopeIcanbringknowledgeandhappinesstochildren.(句式升级)IdreamtobeapopularteacherinthefuturebecauseIhopeIcanbringknowledgeandhappinesstochildren.(dream)2．随着时间的流逝，我已经是一名高二学生了。(一般表达)Astimepassesby，IamalreadyaSeniorTwostudent.(句式升级)Withtimepassingby，IamalreadyaSeniorTwostudent.(with复合结构)3．是张老师鼓励我勇敢地面对困难。(一般表达)MsZhangencouragedmetofacethedifficultiesbravely.(句式升级)ItwasMsZhangwho/thatencouragedmetofacethedifficultiesbravely.(强调句型)MyDreamIdreamtobeapopularteacherinthefuturebecauseIhopeIcanbringknowledgeandhappinesstochildren.Withtimepassingby，IamalreadyaSeniorTwostudent.JustwhenIenteredSunshineSchool，Iwasachildishboywholikedplayingcomputergames.Istillrememberedmyfirstmid-termexam.Ifailedmanysubjects.Ieventhoughtaboutgivingup.ItwasMsZhangwhoencouragedmetofacethedifficultiesbravely.Withthehelpofmyteacher，Iredoubledmyefforts.Nowadays，Ialwayscomeoutontopintheschoolsubjects.ThankstoMsZhang，Ihavegainedalotbothinmystudyandinmylife.IhopeIcanbeasexcellentasmyteacher.Allinall，Iwilllearnhardertogetmoreknowledgesoastolayagoodfoundationformyfuture.Iwillmakefulluseofmyeverysecondandmakemydreamcometrue.IbelieveIcansucceed.Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·河南师大附中高二期中)MakeupYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone’swinner.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositivethaneverbefore.Asaresult，StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck，PhD，callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration”．Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork：Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalentisgenetic—you’reabornartist，pointguard，ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult，it’squicktoblame，lie，andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand，agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch，thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty，it’squicktorethink，changeandtryagain.Infact，itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise，wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents，teachers，andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook，Mind-set：TheNewPsychologyofSuccess，andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren，grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.语篇解读本文是一篇科学调查报告。斯坦福大学教授Dweck经过40年的调查研究认为人们对待失败有两种不同的思维模式，这两种思维模式对我们有很大的影响。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A．Theydon’tdowellatschool.B．Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C．Theyareeagertowininsports.D．Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...professorCarolDweck，PhD，callsthem‘theoverpraisedgeneration’．”可知他们被表扬的太多了。故选D。2．Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho.A．doesn’twanttoworkhardB．caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC．cannotsharehisideaswithothersD．cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.”可知这种思维模式的人相信成功但不想付出努力。故选A。3．Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?A．Admittingfailureisshameful.B．Talentcomeswithone’sbirth.C．Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.D．Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty，it’squicktorethink，changeandtryagain.Infact，itenjoysthisexperience.”可知D正确。4．WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy?A．Encouragethemtolearnfromfailure.B．Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.C．Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D．Helpthemgrowwithpraise.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren，grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.”可知A正确。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·辽宁庄河高中高二期中)Iflifewereabookandyouweretheauthor，howwouldyoulikethestorytogo?Thatisthequestionthat5mylifeforever.OnedayIwenthomefromthetrainingofsnowboardingwithwhatIthoughtwastheflu，andlessthan24hourslater，Iwasina6onlifesupportwithlessthantwopercent7ofliving.Itwasn’tuntildayslaterthatthedoctorsdiagnosedmewitha8bloodinfection.Overthe9of2.5months，Ilostthehearinginmyleftearandbothmylegsbelowtheknees.Whenmyparents10meoutofthehospital，I11thatIhadbeenputtogetherlikeapatchwork(接缝物)dollandIhadtolivewith12legs.Iwasabsolutelyphysicallyandemotionallybroken，13streamingdown.ButIknewinordertomoveforward，IhadtoletgooftheOldAmyand14theNewAmy.ItwasatthismomentthatIaskedmyselfthatsignificant15.Andthatiswhenit16methatIdidn’thavetobefive-foot-fiveanymore，17IcouldbeastallasIwanted.And18ofall，Icanmakemyfeetthesizeofalltheshoes.Sotherewere19here.Fourmonthslater，Iwasbackupona20.AndthisFebruary，IwontwoBoardWorldCupgoldmedals，21methehighestrankedsnowboarderintheworld.So，insteadoflookingatour22andourlimitationsassomething23orbad，wecanbeginlookingatthemasawonderful24thatcanbeusedtohelpusgofurtherthanweeverknowwecouldgo.语篇解读面对残疾，作者展示出积极态度。这个故事说明：我们不应该把我们所遇到的挑战和限制当作不好的事物，我们可以把它们当作一份能帮助我们前进的礼物。5．A.saved B．riskedC．ruined D．changed答案D解析根据下文的描述可知，此处句意为：这个问题彻底改变了我的人生。change改变。故选D。6．A.hospital B．clubC．field D．stadium答案A解析根据下一句中的“thedoctorsdiagnosedme”可知，作者是在医院里。故选A。7．A.thought B．degreeC．chance D．decision答案C解析句意为：我只有不到2%的存活的可能。chance可能性。故选C。8．A.mild B．severeC．potential D．slight答案B解析根据上一句可知，作者只有不到2%的存活的可能，说明他感染得很严重。severe严重的。故选B。9．A.journey B．breakC．course D．schedule答案C解析在两个半月期间。overthecourseof在……的过程中。故选C。10．A.wheeled B．draggedC．pulled D．delivered答案A解析根据上一句可知，作者失去了双腿膝盖以下的部分，所以只能坐在轮椅上，wheel在此处作动词。故选A。11．A.madesure B．feltlikeC．workedout D．putforward答案B解析句意为：我感觉我像一个拼接玩具一样被拼接起来。feellike感觉像……一样。故选B。12．A.muscled B．heavyC．shapely D．false答案D解析根据上文可知，作者失去了膝盖以下的部分，所以只能依靠义肢走动。falseleg义肢。故选D。13．A.blood B．sweatC．tears D．water答案C解析句意为：我身体上、情感上都崩溃了，眼泪刷刷地流下来。tear泪水。故选C。14．A.hug B．recognizeC．fix D．introduce答案A解析我要告别过去的自己，拥抱全新的自己。hug拥抱。故选A。15．A.plan B．questionC．information D．favor答案B解析根据第一段第二句“Thatisthequestionthatmylifeforever.”可知，选B。16．A.dawnedon B．knockedintoC．dependedon D．lookedinto答案A解析句意为：就在那时我突然明白，我不需要五尺五的身材，相反地，我想要有多高就可以有多高。dawnonsb.某人突然明白……。故选A。17．A.although B．soC．while D．but答案D解析参见上题解析。前后之间是转折关系。故选D。18．A.first B．strangestC．best D．luckiest答案C解析句意为：最棒的是，我可以穿任何尺码的鞋子。best最好，故选C。19．A.struggles B．benefitsC．rewards D．conflicts答案B解析根据上一句可知，病痛也有一些好处。benefit利益，好处。故选B。20．A.stage B．snowboardC．track D．playground答案B解析根据下一句中的“methehighestrankedsnowboarder”可知选B。21．A.allowing B．givingC．calling D．making答案D解析句意为：今年二月份，我赢得了滑雪世界杯比赛的两块金牌，这让我成为世界上排名最高的滑雪运动员。make制造，使某人成为……。故选D。22．A.challenges B．achievementsC．devotions D．hesitations答案A解析句意为：我们不应该把我们所遇到的挑战和限制当作消极不好的事物，我们可以把它们当作一份能帮助我们前进的礼物。challenge挑战。故选A。23．A.active B．amazingC．negative D．terminal答案C解析参见上题解析。negative消极的。故选C。24．A.ability B．skillC．tool D．gift答案D解析参见上题解析。gift礼物。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·广东惠阳高级中学高二段考)Iusedtohuntandhavekilledquiteafewdeer.Therewasgreat25.excitement(excite)inwaitingandshooting.Onecoldmorninginwinter，Iwentaloneto26.ahillside.Icarriedmygunandthreethick27.sandwiches(sandwich)．Ifoundanaturalhidingplace,28.cleared(clear)thesnowandsettleddown.Isatthere29.waiting(wait)foraboutanhour.Nothingshowed.Suddenly，abeautifulbuckappearedlessthan20feetawayfromme.SurelyIcouldn’tm