20192020北师大英语选修六新突破讲义UNIT18SECTIONⅡLANGUAGEPOINTS

SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm­up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Hesmiledasuperiorsmileashedrovepastinhisexpensivenewcar.2．Whatyou'resayingnowisnotconsistentwithwhatyousaidlastweek.3．Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.4．Severalcarsareavailablewithinthispricerange．5．Didshereallyseeaghostorwasitonlyasubjectiveimpression?6．Iabsolutelyadore(非常喜欢)chocolate.7．Jim'safraidofemotionalcommitments(承诺)．8．IwishIwereasslim(苗条)asyou.9．Shegavehimbackthemoneyforthesakeofherconscience(良心)．10．Thebaggageistwokilosoverweight(超重)．Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．consistvi.在于；符合→consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的→consistencen．一致性；连贯性2．wooln．羊毛；毛织品→woollenadj.羊毛制的3．commitvt.犯罪；承诺；委托→commitmentn．责任，义务；承诺4．adorevt.敬爱，非常喜欢→adorableadj.值得崇拜的；可爱的Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．dieout完全消失，灭绝2．relyon 依靠；依赖3．inawiderange 在较大范围内4．intheeyesof 从……来看5．incommandof 在……指挥下6．inpreparationfor 为……做准备7．indepth 在深度上8．beaccompaniedby 由……陪伴9．fallinlovewith 爱上……10．undertheinfluenceof 在……影响之下Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Fireisaccompaniedbyheat.2．Theyfellinlovewitheachotheratfirstsight.3．Manyspeciesofanimalsareindangerofdyingout．4．They'vesoldtheirhouseandcarinpreparationforleavingthecountry.5．InWorldWarⅡ，GeneralLeewasincommandoftheairforce.6．Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.eq\a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])n.＋­en→adj.in＋n.＋of→复合短语wooden木制的golden金(色)的waxen蜡制的inadvanceof在……之先，胜过incaseof如果……发生，如遇到……inchargeof看护，管理背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Itishardtoimaginethattheywouldbeseenasattractiveinthe21stcentury.在21世纪，很难想象他们会被认为是迷人的。it形式主语显然，所选择的图式是错误的。Itisclearthatthechosenpatternisnotthecorrectone.2.Inothercultures,lookingthinforahusband­to­beisnotwhatawomandesiresatall－rather,lookingalittleoverweightisconsideredmoreattractive.在其他文化中，女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条，而身材稍微丰满才更加迷人。what引导表语从句他已经不是原来的他了.Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.3.Ittakesmorethanacasualglancetoappreciateanditismuchmoreimportantthanphysicalbeauty.它不像随意一瞥就能欣赏到那样容易，也远比外在美重要的多。morethan...凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.consistentadj.一致的，始终如一的；持续的，连续的(教材P34)．..shewasstatingthattherewasnoconsistentviewonbeauty.……她陈述说在美的方面上没有统一的观点。(1)beconsistentwith 与……相一致或吻合beconsistentin 在……方面前后一致(2)consistvi. 由……组成；相符consistof＝bemadeupof 由……组成consistin 在于consistwith 与……一致(3)consistentlyadv. 一致地，始终如一地①Theevidenceisnotconsistentwithwhatyousaidearlier.这项证据与你先前所说的不一致。②Wemustbeconsistentinapplyingtherules.我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。③Waterissaidtoconsistofoxygenandhydrogen.据说水是氢和氧的化合物。commitmentn．责任，义务；承诺；许诺；献身；投入；已承诺的事(与介词to连用)(教材P34)Life­longcommitmentand，indeed，thesurvivalofsocietyitselfrelyonpeopleseeingbeautyindifferenceanddepth.人们毕生的奉献，甚至社会自身的存亡都取决于每个个体对美的不同层面的认识。(1)makeacommitmentto(doing)sth. 承诺(做)某事(2)commitvt. 做出；犯；承诺，保证commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth. 使某人/自己承诺(做)某事； 献身于(做)某事commitacrime/mistake/suicide 犯罪/犯错/自杀commitsb.tosth. 向某人承诺某事(3)committedadj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的becommittedto(doing)sth. 支持/献身于(做)某事①Ourcountrymadeacommitmenttopaying$50，000toRedCross.我们国家承诺向红十字会提供50000美元。②Hecommittedthecrimewhenhewasdrunk.他喝醉时犯下此罪。③Ididn'tcommitmyself(me)toanyhelptothem.我没有向他们承诺任何帮助。④Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotaking(take)outaloan.借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。dieout完全消失，灭绝(教材P34)Thehumanracewouldsoondieoutifwecouldonlyseebeautywithinasetoflimitedcriteria.如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美，人类不久将灭绝。(1)dieoff (家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先 后枯死dieaway (声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息， 平息diedown (火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐 弱，渐息；(声音)静下来(2)dieof 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等diefrom 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不 注意、劳累过度等而死(3)bedyingtodosth. 极想做某事①Shewaiteduntilthefootstepshaddiedaway.她一直等到脚步声渐渐消失。②Whenhisexcitementhaddieddownhebegantothinkdeeply.兴奋过后他开始深思。③Thebambooforestburstintoflowersandthendiedoff．竹林突然开花，然后一株一株死去。accompanyvt.伴随，陪同；为……伴奏(教材P34)Physicalbeautymustalsobeaccompaniedbyanattractiontosomethingdeeperwithinaperson.身体上的美必须有人的内在美相伴。(1)accompanysb.to...(to为介词) 陪同某人到……beaccompaniedby/withsb. 在某人的陪同下；伴随着accompanysb.at/on... 给某人伴奏(2)companyn. [U]陪伴；[C]公司keeppany/keepcompanywithsb. 陪伴某人，和某人做伴(3)companionn. 伙伴，同伙①Children，whenaccompaniedbytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.有家长陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育场。②LiuQianaskedLangLangtoaccompanyhimon/atthepiano.刘谦邀请朗朗为他钢琴伴奏。[语境助记]Lastnight，mycompanionskeptmecompanytoseeafilmandthentheyaccompaniedmetomyhome.昨晚，我的同伴陪我去看电影，然后他们陪我回家。rangen．(数、量、年龄等的)变化范围；等级；类别；范围；山脉，界限；射程v.(在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列(教材P34)Thisparticularkindofattractionisfoundinawiderangeofpersonalqualities...这种特别的吸引力广泛地存在于人的品质上面……(1)awide/fullrangeof 一系列；各种within/inrange(ofsth.) 在可及的范围内outofrange(ofsth.) 超出……的范围(2)rangefrom...to... 在……范围内变动；包括rangebetween...and... 在……和……范围内变动①Obamastressedthathewouldundergoarangeofreforms，especiallyinhealth­carereform.奥巴马强调他将推行一系列的改革，特别是医疗改革。②Thepriceofthehouseiswellbeyond/outofourrange.这所房子的价格远远超出我们能承受的范围。③Thechildren'sagesrangefrom5to15.这些孩子的年龄在5至15岁之间。[图形助记]morethan不仅仅；不只是(教材P34)Ittakesmorethanacasualglancetoappreciateanditismuchmoreimportantthanphysicalbeauty.它不像随意一瞥就能欣赏到那样容易，也远比外在美重要的多。(1)morethan＋数词 超过……morethan＋形容词/动词 非常……morethan＋从句 超出(某人的力量、知识等)范围(2)more...than... 比……更(多);与其说……不如 说……①Whathedidmorethansurprisedme.他做的事使我非常吃惊。②ThebeautyofourcityismorethanIcandescribe.我难以用言语描绘我们城市的美。③Therearemanymorepeoplethanweexpected.比我们想象的人要多得多。④Hearingthenews，Tomwasmoresurprisedthandisappointed.听到这个消息，汤姆与其说是失望，倒不如说是惊奇。commandn．[C]命令；指令；[U]指挥vt.&vi.命令；指挥；支配(教材P35)Heusedtobeageneralincommandofthearmy，butnowheisadoorkeeper.他过去是一个军队里的将军，但现在却是一位看门的人。(1)underone'scommand 处在……控制之下takecommandof 控制atsb.'scommand 服从某人的命令haveagoodcommandof 对……掌握得很好，精通……(2)commandsb.todosth. 命令某人做某事commandthatsb.(should)dosth. 命令某人(应该)做某事①Whenthemajorwaskilled，thecaptaintookcommandofthecompany.少校阵亡后，上尉指挥全连。②Hecommandedthatwe(should)completethetaskbeforedark.他命令我们天黑前完成任务。③HeissaidtohaveagoodcommandofEnglishandFrench.据说他精通英语和法语。④Icommandyoutostart(start)forthefrontatonce.我命令你立即动身到前线去。superioradj.更高的，上级的，更强的；优质的；有优越感的n.上级，长官(教材P135)Forme，she'ssuperior.Ireallyadoreher.对我来说，她是非常优秀的。我真的很喜欢她。(1)besuperiorto... 比……优越，不屈服于……besuperiorin... 在……方面优质的/上乘的(2)inferioradj. 次等的，较差的beinferiorto... 地位低于……，比……差①Thismodelof4Gmobilephoneisfarsuperiortoanyothers.这款4G手机比其他的强多了。②Acheapercameraisnotalwaysinferiortoamoreexpensiveone.廉价照相机的质量不总比贵的差。[名师点津]superior与to搭配构成比较级，表示“比……更好”，不可用than；类似的结构还有：①beinferiorto 比……低级②beseniorto 比……年长；比……地位高③bejuniorto 比……年轻；比……地位低(教材P34)Itishardtoimaginethattheywouldbeseenasattractiveinthe21stcentury.在21世纪，很难想象他们会被认为是迷人的。【要点提炼】本句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是toimagine...。“Itis＋adj.＋todosth.”句式中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为其后的不定式短语todo...。形式主语it还可代替动名词或名词性从句。①It'snouseregrettingwhatyouhavedone.后悔你做过的事是没有用的。②Itisdifficulttosolve(solve)theprojectproblem.解决这个项目问题太难了。③Itispossiblethatweworkoutthemathproblem.我们算出这道数学题是可能的。(教材P34)Inothercultures，lookingthinforahusband­to­beisnotwhatawomandesiresatall—rather，lookingalittleoverweightisconsideredmoreattractive.在其他文化中，女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条，而身材略微丰满才更加迷人。【要点提炼】whatawomandesiresatall是what引导的表语从句，what在表语从句中作动词desire的宾语。what除可引导表语从句外，还可引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。①Whathehastoldusisofgreatimportance.(主语从句)他告诉我们的至关重要。②We'vedonewhatwecantohelphim.(宾语从句)我们已经尽力帮助了他。③Thequestionwhatmakesthematterworsehasbeenpuzzlingme.(同位语从句)使情况更糟糕的问题一直在困扰着我。(教材P34)Traditionsandfashions，likesocietyitself，changeandadaptwithtime，soitisreasonablethatourideasofbeautychangeaswell.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，so引导一个结果状语从句，在这个从句中使用了“Itis＋adj.＋that从句”结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。【翻译】正如社会本身，传统和时尚是在变化的，是与时代同步的，因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thisrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweekinservice.2．Iftoomanyoftheserareanimalsarekilled,theirkindwilldieout．3．TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.4．Yourpassportapplicationformshouldbeaccompanied(accompany)bytworecentphotoswhenyougotothePassportOffice.5．Youcanrelyonitthathewillwinthematch.6．Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.7．Hecommittedhimselftocarrying(carry)outnewhealthpolicies.8．Peopleontheislandarepreparingforanotherstorm.9．Tomisneverwillingtochangehisopinions.It'snousearguing(argue)withhim.10．Accommodationrangesfromtouristclasstoluxuryhotels.Ⅱ.完成句子1．对她来说一天做这么多的工作是不容易的。Itisnoteasyforhertodosomuchworkinaday.2．我们如何处理这个问题还未做出决定。Whatweshoulddowiththeproblemisundecided.3．他要求人人都要充分利用高三的机会。Hecommandedthateveryone(should)makethebestofthechanceofSeniorThree．4．这和你先前告诉我的不符合。Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier．5．看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。Iwasmorethansurprisedtoseethelionstandingatthebody.usedto和would的用法语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.In19th­centuryEurope,womenusedtowearcorsetstoachieveabodyshape...2.Menwouldwearwoollenshawlsacrosstheirshoulders.3.WeusedtoliveinacrowdedflatinNewYork.4.Iusedto/wouldbuysweetsthesizeofgolfballs.5.Didyouusetoplaychessalotwhenyouwereakid？1.would与usedto都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可换用。2.would与usedto都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或与具体的一段时间连用。一、usedto和would的相同点1．would与usedto都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。Whenwewereboys，weusedto/wouldgoswimmingeverysummer.小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。WhenIwasyoung，Iusedto/wouldgetupearly.我年轻时经常早起。2．would与usedto都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(Iwould/usedtogotoFrancesixtimes.（×）,IwenttoFrancesixtimes