2022-2023年贵州省遵义市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年贵州省遵义市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Peace-keepingliesservetoprotecttheliarfrompossible______.

2.

WhatcanyoulearnaboutFarringdonRoad?

A.It'stothecastofLondon.

B.It'sstreetofbookstores.

C.It'sacenterforsecond-handbooks.

D.It'swhereworthlessbooksaresold.

3.

Youcanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyminorcomputerdisasterswiththehelpof

A.makingdisasterplansandrunningdrills

B.agoodoffsitestorageplan

C.therighttools

D.bothBandC

4.

______diedinofficeofpneumonia.

5.

EvenafterWal-MartmadeSamWaltonextremelywealthy,hestillledaverythriftylifeandaskedhisemployeestofollowsuit.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Self-esteemisoneoftheysymptomsofpsychologicaladdiction.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

ThenewrolemodelIconWomandealswitheverythingaboutworkon______.

8.

Astudyshowsthatmenwhoeattomatoproductstwiceaweekcouldprobablyavoiddevelopingprostatecancerbyone-thirdincomparisonwiththose______.

9.

EvaluationsrevealthatAmericanyoungstersarenotobsessedwith______andinneedofreassurance.

10.HeartheMusic,AvoidtheMoshPit

ArtistsFindTheirAudienceOnline

MusicianSuzanneVegagotherstartintheNewYorkfolkscene,butnowthe1980sstarhasfoundafollowingincyberspace.Withthehelpofsomeprogrammers,Vegacreateda3Danimatedimageofherself,calledanavatar(化身),andsherecentlyperformedinsideaworldaccessibleonlythroughawebsite,whereotherpeoplerepresentedbyavatarsattendedtheconcert,streamedlivetocomputersallovertheglobe.

AsVegastrummed(弹奏)herguitarinsidearealstudio,about100luckyfanssatattheircomputersandguidedtheiravatarsintotheonlinesceneofanoutdooramphitheater,whereVega'savataryouthful-lookingwithshorthairandbangs—appearedonstage.Whenthereal-worldartistplayedandsang,heronlinealterego(另一个我)didthesame—thoughtheavatar'slipsdidnotmove.Fansheardtheconcertontheircomputerspeakersandcommandedtheiravatarstosmileormovetothemusic.

Later,Vegaansweredaudiencequestions,sentasinstantmessagesvisibletoeveryoneinattendance.

TheAug.3event,organizedbyapublic:radioprogram,wasoneofthefirstattemptsbyamajorartisttointeractwithfansinacompletelycomputer-fabricatedworld.

"Theresponsewasterrific!!Iamstillhearingfrompeoplewhowereinthe'room,'friendsoffriendsandpeopleallovertheworldwhowere'there,'"Vegasaidinane-mail,notingthatshetookanactiveroleinpickingoutthemaroonblouse,blackcardiganandwhitetennisshoesheravatarwore.

Marketingandrecordlabelexecutivessaywebsitesthatputusersintovideo-game-likevirtualworldsareauniquewaytoreachouttoaudiences,whoareincreasinglyspendingtheirtimeandmoneyonthecomputerinsteadofatconcertsandmusicstores.Althoughstillexperimental,suchsitesofferfansmorewaystointeractwithoneanotherandbandmembersdirectly.

The1980sbandDuranDuranhasreunitedandplanstoperform.aliveconcertlaterthismonthonSecondLife,theworldwhereVegaperformed,onitsownvirtualisland.Afewmonthsago,singerandpianistReginaSpektorbuiltfourvirtualManhattanloftswherefanscouldwalkaround,hangoutandlistentostreamingmusicfromhernewalbumamonthbeforeitwasreleased.Evenfansaretakingpart:AgroupoffriendscreatedavatarsofthebandU2andhasputonseveralvirtualconcerts,usingmusicfromtheband'srealshowsandmimickingeverydetail,downtoleadsingerBono'shairstyle,sunglassesandclothing.

Other,lesser-knownbandsandmusicianswhotypicallyhaveusedsocialnetworkingsiteMyStobuildafollowingarealsoturninguponSecondLifeandothervirtualworlds,suchasT,toshowcasetheirmusic.

"AvirtualworldbringssomethingtothetablethataWebsitedoesn'tit'sbuildingamoreimmersiveexperience.Youkindofloseyourselfinit,"saidEthanKaplan,directoroftechnologyforWarnerBros.Records,whosaidhehasplayedaroundwithSecondLifeforyears."It'sreallycoolandalotmorefunandcreativethanjustputtingaMySpacepageup.

Musiciansareincreasinglyusingthevirtualworldtoholdliveconcerts,atspecifictimesanddates,orlisteningloungeswheretheirmusicplayswhenanavatarpaysavisit.Thevirtualworldprovidesarichandcolorfulenvironmentsimilartocomputer-animatedfilmslike"ToyStory,"onlyanotchlesssophisticated.

Userscontroltheiravatarsbyclickingonarrowsormovingthemouse,butthemovementandappearanceseemabitslowattimes.Unliketherealworld,though,avatarscanflyaroundorbeam(发射)themselvesinstantlyfrombeachtourbanenvironm

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Generallyspeaking,theessaystheundergraduateswritelookwordybutstilllogic.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

ArecentstudyreportedthatJapaneseworkerswere______thancommonlythought.

13.

Anotherbenefitofgroupactivitiesisthatprofessionalguidanceinthegroupcanhelpcureobesity,diabetes,andarthritis.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsaltbackintothewater,making______heavierandhelpingittosink.

15.

Inordertohealthepainofanabusedperson,weshould______.

A.improveoureducation

B.punishthebadguys

C.showhimourcompassion

D.maketheworldabetterplace

16.Theexampleofkeepingadailygratitudejournalshowsthat______isveryimportant.

17.

TherearesixtaxbracketsintheU.S.andwhichcanapplytoanindividualisdeterminedby______.

18.

Todoexteriorpaintingbyyourself,youhavetobuypaintingtoolsandmaterials,whichareprobablyworth______dollarsatthemost.

19.

Thedifferencebetweenreal______worldartist'splayingandsingingandheronlinealterego'sisthatthelatter______.

20.

Socialstudierslearnbetterby______thanbyreading.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(32)

A.Accordingtothelecture,youshouldtrytoavoiddark,desertedstreetsatnight.

B.Accordingtothelecture,youshouldgivethemuggerwhathewantsandcallthepoliceassoonasheleaves.

C.Accordingtothelecture,it'smuchsaferforamantoputhiswalletinhisfrontpocket.

D.Accordingtothelecture,it'ssafeforyoutogetonemptysubwaycars.

22.(31)

A.Itwillactasacomputeraswell.

B.Itwilldoawaywithstereoequipment.

C.Itwillprovideabetterpicture.

D.Itwillreplacetransistors.

23.

【B2】

24.听力原文：Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tiredness,orjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesandothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredicttoavoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalwaysclear,either,whatsortofconditionsmadepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesurethattheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoaccidents.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeople,whohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

(33)

A.Externalconditions.

B.People'sinternalconditionsinfluencedbyphysicalormentalfactors.

C.Slipperyroads.

D.Achainofevents.

25.(21)

A.Minerals.B.Chemicalpollutants.C.Salt.D.Germs.

26.

【B3】

27.(44)

28.【B8】

29.【B3】

30.(28)

A.Borrowabookfromthelibrary.

B.Lookafteryourchildren.

C.Drivetotheseasideforaholiday.

D.Dineatarestaurant.

31.(35)

A.ItinfluencesthesurfacetemperatureofMars.

B.Itprotectslivingbeingsfromharmfulrays.

C.Itkeepsaplanetfromoverheating.

D.Itisthemaincomponentoftheairpeoplebreathe.

32.(36)

A.Hisfather'sadvicehelpedhimtodecidewhichjobtotakeup.

B.Workinginthesportsteamwashismostimportantexperience.

C.Helearntmuchfromhissharedexperiencewithhisteammembers.

D.Hisexperienceasabaggageboyhadagreatinfluenceonhislaterlife.

33.(22)

A.Asectary.B.Atourguide.C.Anattorney.D.Atravelagent.

34.(26)

A.Liverpool.B.London.C.Scotland.D.Welsh.

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themanshouldtrytobemoreunderstanding.

B.Theman'swifeshouldbemoreunderstanding.

C.Theman'snegativeattitudemaybederivedfromhischildhood.

D.Thepessimismoftheman'swifemaybetheresultofherpastexperiences.

36.听力原文：W:I'mtakingJohntothatfancynewrestauranttonight.

M:Youcan'tgolikethat.You'dbetterchange.

Q:Whatdoesthemanadvice?

(13)

A.Takealotofmoney.

B.Gotoadifferentrestaurant.

C.Don'tinviteJohn.

D.Weardifferentclothes.

37.

【B11】

38.(25)

A.BecausepeoplegivetoomuchtimetotheInternet.

B.BecausepeoplehavemorefriendsontheInternet.

C.Becausepeoplehavelessface-to-faceconversationsthanbefore.

D.Becausepeoplestayathomelongerthanbefore.

39.(34)

A.It'scheaper.

B.It'ssafer.

C.It'squicker.

D.It'sreadilyavailable.

40.

【B7】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.【S9】

42.

AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it______.

A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork

B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores

C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts

D.stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts

43.

Thewriterthinksthatthegrowthofspecialistperiodicalshashelpedscholarsto______.

A.cutdownresearchcosts

B.keepupwithcurrantdevelopments

C.spendlesstimetraveling

D.developtheirideasmorequickly

44.Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhearingandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygiventoachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorusuallygetshighoverallratings,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusuallymadeintheelementaryschools,scientistscanbelostbypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Itistimeforuniversitiestoreservethetitleofprofessorforthosewillingtoprofess,willingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled"distinguishedresearchinvestigators"orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

Whatpointdoestheauthorintendtoputacrossinthefirstparagraph?

A.Teachingandresearcharetwocontradictoryfields.

B.Researchcanneverbeoveremphasized.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchandteachingshouldnotbesimplified.

D.Itisnotrighttooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

45.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver'slicense.

B.Oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy.

C.Noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one.

D.Inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted.

46.

Whichareawilltheweatherexpertskeepaneyeonifawarmingprobablytakesplaceinthenextfivedecadesfromtheburningoffuels?

47.

WhatZwerlingmeansby"liberaleducation"iseducationdirectedat______.

A.transcendingtraditionalboundaries

B.trainingstudents'employabilityskills

C.promotingstudents'academiccapabilities

D.encouragingstudentstothinkfreelyandcritically

48.

Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecausetheyare______forthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost＄26abarrel,upfromlessthan＄10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclinein-theimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itsoilpricesaveraged＄22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith＄13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanonequarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.

Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis______.

A.globalinflation

B.reductioninsupply

C.fastgrowthineconomy

D.Iraq'ssuspensionofexports

50.

Recognisingbroadcategoriesofimagesisoneofthegeneralproblemsthatcomputersarenot______.

51.Givingupsmokinginthefirstfewmonthswillmakesmokershaveastrongerdesire______.

52.

Notstatedbutimpliedinthefirsttwoparagraphsisthatstoppingsmokingcanbea(n)______foryou.

53.

Whatisthemythheldbysome"superwomen"?

A.Thattheycanreconciletheircareerswithparentalresponsibilities.

B.Thattheycandevotethemselvestotheircareerwithoutregardfortheirchildren.

C.Thattheycanresistthetemptationoftheirambitiontomakegreatachievements.

D.Thattheycanresolvetheconflictsbetweentheircareersandchildrenwithoutanysacrifice.

54.BusinessdrivesregionaleconomicgrowthandAPECiscreatinganenvironmentwherebusinesscanflourish.

AhighlevelofprivatesectorparticipationiscentraltoAPEC'ssuccessandmakesAPECuniqueamongstregionalandinternationalorganizations.TimeAPECBusinessAdvisoryCouncil(ABAC),establishedin1995,iscomposedofuptothreemembersfromeacheconomy,appointedbyAPECLeaders.Inrecognitionofthekeyroleofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)inallAPECeconomies,mostmembersreserveoneABACpositionforanSMErepresentative.

ABACmeetsseveraltimeseachyearandpublishesanannualreportrecommendinginitiativestoimproveAPEC’sbusinessandinvestmentclimate.ThereportispresentedtotheAPECleadersMeetinganditsrecommendationsguideAPECindesigningitsprograms.

TheannumAPECCEOSummitisanotherforumwhereregionalbusinessleaderscaninteractwithAPECleadersandaddresskeyissuesaffectingbusinessintheregion.

APEC'sGovernment—IndustryDialoguesprovideopportunitiesforAPECtofocusonspecificmarketsectors.TheAPECAutomotiveDialoguecomprisesseniorgovernmentandindustryrepresentativesandisdesignedtoencouragefurthertradeliberalizationandfacilitatetradeandinvestmentintheautomotivesector.Itsworkprogramspansabroadrangeofissuesincludingstandards,customs,tariffs,trafficcongestionandenvironmentalissues,e-commerceandelectronicnetworking.TheAPECChemicalDialogue,establishedin2001addressestrade-relatedregulatoryissuesandaimstofacilitatetradeinthechemicalssector.Thedialogueaimstodeveloppoliciestostreamlineregulatoryprocedures,harmonizestandardsandfacilitatetrade.Itsmembersincludegovernmentandbusinessrepresentative.

PrivatesectorbodiesalsointeractwithAPECWorkingGroups,givingAPECcutting-edgeadviceonentrepreneurialdevelopmentsandhigh-technology,andworkingtoremoveimpedimentstodoingbusinessintheregion.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.ABACismadeupofthreerepresentativesfromAPECmembercountries.

B.EachAPECmembercountryappointsonerepresentativeasthemembersofABAC.

C.ThreeAPECLeadersappointrepresentativesasthemembersofABAC.

D.EachAPECmembercountryappointsthreerepresentativesasthemembersofABAC.

55.

Thephrase"pinmoney"inLine2,Para.4means______.

56.

【C8】

57.Thekeytothesequestionsistheemotionalresponsewecallanxiety.Unlikehungerorthirst,whichbuildanddissipate(驱散)intheimmediatepresent,anxietyisthesortoffeelingthatsneaksuponyoufromthedayaftertomorrow.It'ssupposedtokeepyoufromfeelingtoosafe.Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.

Allanimals,especiallythesmall,scurryingkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-tootbedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn'ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger--andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming(或隐或现)--anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere'sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon'tknowwhywecan'tstopworrying.

Thereiscertainlyalotofanxietygoingaround.Anxietydisorder--whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone'slife--isthemustcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobias(恐惧症)togeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans.

Andyet,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastJanuarybyresearchersfromUCLA,lessthan25%ofAmericanswithanxietydisordersreceiveanykindoftreatmentfortheircondition."Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem,"saysJerilynRoss,presidentoftheAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmerica,"thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild."

SigmundFreudwasfascinatedwithanxietyandrecognizedearlyonthatthereismorethanonekind.Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety:onemorebiologicalinnatureandtheothermoredependentonpsychologicalfactors.Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished(减退).

Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthispassage?

A.TheOriginofAnxiety.

B.TheHazardsofAnxiety.

C.HealingAnxiety.

D.UnderstandingAnxiety.

58.Inthedevelopedcountries,thedominantfactorinthenextsocietywillbesomethingtowhichmostpeopleareonlyjustbeginningtopayattention:therapidgrowthintheolderpopulationandtherapidshrinkingoftheyoungergeneration.Politicianseverywherestillpromisetosavetheexistingpensionssystem,buttheyandtheirconstituentsknowperfectlywellthatinanother25yearspeoplewillhavetokeepworkinguntiltheirmid-70s,healthpermitting.

Whathasnotyetsunkinisthatagrowingnumberofolderpeoplesaythoseover50willnotkeeponworkingastraditionalfull-timenine-to-fiveemployees,butwillparticipateinthelaborforceinmanynewanddifferentways:astemporaries,aspart-timers,asconsultants,onspecialassignmentsandsoon.Whatusedtobepersonnelandarenowknownashumanresourcesdepartmentsstillassumethatthosewhoworkforanorganizationarefull-timeemployees.Employmentlawsandregulationsarebasedonthesameassumption.Within20or25years;however,perhapsasmanyashalfthepeoplewhoworkforanorganizationwillnotbeemployedbyit,certainlynotonafull-timebasis.Thiswillbeespeciallytrueforolderpeople.Newwaysofworkingwithpeopleatarm'slengthwillincreasinglybecomethecentralmanagerialissueofemployingorganizations,andnotjustofbusinesses.

Theshrinkingoftheyoungerpopulationwillcauseanevengreaterupheaval,ifonlybecausenothinglikethishashappenedsincethedyingcenturiesoftheRomanEmpire.Ineverysingledevelopedcountry,butalsoinChinaandBrazil,thebirthrateisnowwellbelowthereplacementrateof2.2livebirthsperwomanofreproductiveage.Politically,thismeansthatimmigrationwillbecomeanimportantandhighlydivisiveissueinallrichcountries.Itwillcutacrossalltraditionalpoliticalalignments.Economically,thedeclineintheyoungpopulationwillchangemarketsinfundamentalways.Growthinfamilyformationhasbeenthedrivingforceofalldomesticmarketsinthedevelopedworld,buttherateoffamilyformationiscertaintofallsteadilyunlessbolsteredbylarge-scaleimmigrationofyoungerpeople.ThehomogeneousmassmarketthatemergedinallrichcountriesaftertheSecondWorldWarhasbeenyouth-determinedfromthestart.Itwillnowbecomemiddle-age-determined,orperhapsmorelikelyitwillsplitintotwo:amiddle-age-determinedmassmarketandamuchsmalleryouth-determinedone.Andbecausethesupplyofyoungpeoplewillshrink,creatingnewemploymentpatternstoattractandholdthegrowingnumberofolderpeople(especiallyoldereducatedpeople)willbecomeincreasinglyimportant.

Fromthepassage,whichisthemaininfluencefactorinthefuture?

A.Theinfluenceofagingproblem.

B.Theshrinkingofyoungerpopulation.

C.Thechangingofworkingstyle.

D.Thechangeofconsumingpattern.

59.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Foronething,tightnessinthejobmarketseemstohavegivenmenanadditionalincentivetotakejobswheretheycanfindthem.Althoughfemale-dominatedofficeandservicejobsforthemostpartranklowerinpayandstores,"they'restillthere,"saysJuneO'Neill,directorofprogramandpolicyresearchattheinstitute.Traditionallymaleblue-collarjobs,meanwhile,"aren'tincr