2021届通用版高考英语二轮复习人与社会类语法填空深度解读学案4

2021届高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（五）汉字的博大精深OneoftheoldestwrittenlanguagesintheworldistheChineseone.Itisbasedonhieroglyphs(象形文字),eachof(1)__________hasacertainmeaning.Accordingtoscientists,theChinesewritinglanguage(2)__________(form)4,000-5,000yearsago.Inancienttimes,theChineseusedtortoiseshellsandanimalbonesforwriting.Amongotherwell-knownmaterialmediaoftheancientChinesewriting(3)__________(be)bambooandwoodenplates.Later,whentheChineseinventedpaper,theywrote(4)__________paperscrolls(卷轴),andsometimesonsilkmaterials.TheChinesewritinglanguageincludesover60,000hieroglyphs.Chineseisthefirstamongthe(5)__________(language)difficulttostudy.Today,Chinahastwosystemsofwritinglanguage:(6)__________oldandmodernones—WenyanandBaihua.Thelatteris(7)__________(great)enrichedwithnewcharactersforwordssuchascomputerandmobilephone(8)__________(introduce)intodailylife.OneofthemainpartsofChinesewritingiscalligraphy—theartofwritingofwords.Calligraphyisalabor-consumingprocessthatrequiresalotof(9)__________(patient).Calligraphyisnotjustwriting;itisauniquepatternthatrequiresharmonyofmovementandspirit.Ithasitsownrulesandlaws.Easyitmayseem,but(10)__________(become)atruemasterofcalligraphyrequireshardworkingformanyyears.考点积累介词+关系词引导的定语从句介词+关系词引导的定语从句是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。基本构成：介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）[例]Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.和你说话的那个人是个老师。[例]Thecityinwhichshelivesisverycrowded.她生活的城市非常拥挤。注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which（指物）；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语。且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。[例]Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.和你说话的那个人是个老师。[例]Thecity(which/that)shelivesinisverycrowded.她生活的城市非常拥挤。注意：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面。但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor，lookafter，payattentionto，takecareof，lookforwardto，listento等：[例]Thisisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor.这是你正在寻找的钢笔。关系副词when，where，why可用“介词+which”来代替，如when=in/at/during+which；where=in/at/on/under+which;why=for+which。[例]ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.这是我去年住的房子。[例]IstillrememberthedayonwhichIcamehere.我仍然记得我来这的那天。[例]Therearemanyreasonsforwhichpeopleliketravelling.人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。关系代词前介词选择的原则：根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择：[例]IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.我永远也不会忘记我来这所学校的那天。根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择：[例]ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3,000yuan.这是我花了3000元买的iPad。根据定语从句的意义来选择：[例]Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.这是我的眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。答案解析【主题语境】人与社会：社会、历史与文化——物质和非物质文化遗产【解析】①which，考查定语从句引导词。此处先行词是hieroglyphs，为物，因此要用which。②wasformed，考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可以判断出时态为过去时，为单数概念且动词与主语构成动宾关系，故用wasformed。③were，考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这是一个倒装句，主语bambooandwoodenplates是复数概念，因此用were。④on，考查介词。写在纸的卷轴上，因此用on。⑤languages，考查名词复数。among表示范围，故用复数形态。⑥the，考查冠词。文言和白话是汉字的两种形式，为特指。故用定冠词。⑦greatly，考查副词。此处用副词来修饰动词的被动语态。⑧introduced，考查非谓语动词。电脑和手机等新词是被引入到日常生活中使用的，故用introduced来表示被动及完成。⑨patience，考查词性转换。此处需要名词作require的宾语，故用patience。⑩becoming，考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语作主语，表示成为一位真正的书法大师这件事情，故用becoming。【译文】汉语是世界上最古老的书面语言之一。它是象形文字，每一笔都有其特定的含义。据科学家称，汉语大约形成于4000到5000年前。在古代，中国人在龟壳和兽骨上写字。其他众所周知的载体包括竹简和木简。后来，中国人发明了纸张，他们就在纸质的卷轴上写字，有时候也会在丝绸上写字。汉字有超过六万个字，是世界上最难学的语言。如今，汉语分化为两套体系，文言和白话。一个古代，一个现代。后者因为引入日常生活中诸如电脑和手机等新词而极大地丰富了语言。汉语一个重要的部分就是书法，即书写的艺术。书法是个耗体力的过程，需要极大耐心。书法不仅仅是写字，它是独特的，有着自己独立的准则，追求神与形的统一。它看似简单，但要成为一个真正的书法大师需要多年的辛苦努力。课后练习（A）Abobcatamazinglysurviveda50-milejourneywhileitwasstuckinthegrill(保护汽车散热器的金属格栅)ofaVirginiawoman’scar.Thedriverwasheading1(work)ataround7a.m.whenshe2(hear)astrangesound—butshedidn’tstop.Anhour3(late),shepulledintoVirginiaUniversityandspottedthe4(frighten)catinthegrill,accordingtothelocalstation.

Peter,aworkerfromRichmondAnimalCare,rushedto5sceneandwasastonishedtofindtheanimalingoodshape.“Thecatwas6(complete)fine.It’sunbelievable,”hetoldthestation.“Theonlythingholdingitupwasawirearounditsstomachandoneplasticpieceunderitschest.”

Thecat“hissed”(发嘶嘶声)atPeter,sohecalmeditandremovedit7thecar.Thenheandother8(colleague)transportedittotheanimalcenter,9itwasexaminedforinjury.“Theluckycatsufferedonlyoneminorcuton10(it)backanditwasjustwonderfultoknowthecatmadeitthroughsuchacrazysituation,”Petersaid.

参考答案1.pletely7.from8.colleagues9.where10.its（B）AroundthreeinfivepeopleintheUKwillfind1necessarytocareforanelderlyoradisabledlovedoneatsomepoint.Thiscanbemademuch2(easy)bybearinginmindafewsimpleprinciplesandpiecesofadvice.

3(care)foranelderlylovedone,mostlikelyaparent,isnevereasy.Itcancausegreatpainemotionallyand4(physical)andthefinancialchallengescansometimesseemdifficulttodealwith,too.

Oftenoneofthehardestthingsisstrikingabalancebetweenyourparent’sdesire5(feel)independentandtheneedtoensurethattheyaresafeandtheirhealthneedsarebeingattendedto.Sometimesthiscancreatetensionsand6(argue),onlyaddingtothestressofanalreadydifficultsituation.Itisimportantheretomakethemfeelthattheyarebeinglistenedtoand7youonlyhavetheirbestinterestsatheart.

Thesameapplies8financialissues.Inordertocoverthecostsoftheirparents’care—includingbillsandmedicine—manypeoplewillinvestigateoptionssuchassellingthefamilyhome.Themostimportantthinghereisc