职称英语-职称英语理工类b级模拟15

职称英语理工类B级模拟15

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Thefootballteam,forthemostpart,wereconfidentofwinningthematch.

A.mostlyB.partlyC.onlyD.really

2、Atfirsthedidn11realizethathehadsucceeded.

A.knowB.findoutC.recognizeD.lookinto

3、Toflameuphisboss,Dickhadtomakeupevidence.

A.collectB.discloseC.inventD.generate

4、Thegovernmentlaunchedamassivecampaignagainstcrimesinthebigcities.

A.proposedB.decidedC.beganD.studied

5、Itisveryconsiderateofyoutoremembermybirthday.

A.thoughtfulB.considerableC.carefulD.concerned

6、IwasamazedatthebeautyofthemountainwhenIreachedtothetop.

A.excitedB.astonishedC.happyD.unpleasant

7、Theupperatmosphereisbelievedtoconsistofanumberofroughlyconcentric

layers,whichincludethetroposphere(???)andstratosphere(???).

A.plainlyB.repeatedlyC.nearlyD.changeably

8、Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

A.beforeB.roundC.afterD.over

9、Hemadegreatshowofreluctance,butfinallyacceptedmyoffer.

A.emotionB.unwi11ingnessC.angerD.postpone

10、Hissuccessinworkhastemptedmanytotrythisnewmethod.

A.attractedB.calledC.inspiredD.implied

11>Shecouldfixthemachinewithoutreferringtotheinstructions.

A.understandingB.observingC.consultingD.obtaining

12>Ididn11havemuchconfidenceinmytalentasafilmactor.

A.wisdomB.giftC.performanceD.show

13>HerdeathwasagrieftohimandIdoubtifheeverrecoveredafterwards.

A.gotbyB.gotthroughC.gotonD.gotover

14、Themostprominentcharacteristicofhandwritingisundoubtedlyletter

formationandslant.

A.presumablyB.inmanycasesC.surelyD.withoutbias

15、Fondindustryreliesmainlyonagricultureforrawmaterial.

A.dependsonB.dependentonC.derivesfromD.derivedfrom

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

TheRaceintoSpace

AmericanmillionaireDennisTitowillalwaysbefamous.Hewasthefirst

touristinspace."IspentsixtyyearsonEarthandeightdaysinspaceand

frommyviewpoint,itwastwoseparatelives,"Titoexplained.Helovedhis

timeinspace."Beinginspaceandlookingbackatearthisoneofthemost

rewardingexperiencesahumanbeingcanhave."

Thiskindofexperienceisn*tcheap.Itcost$20million.However,Tito

achievedhisdreamsohewashappy."Formeitwasalifedream.Itwasa

dreamthatbeganwhenIdidn*thaveanymoney,Hhetoldreporters.

On30April2002,MarkShuttleworthbecametheworld1ssecondspacetourist.

ShuttleworthisaSouthAfricanbusinessman.Attheageoftwenty-eighthe

alsopaid$20millionfortheeight-daytrip.

BothTitoandShuttleworthboughttheirticketsfromacompanycalledSpace

Adventures.Thecompanyhasaround100peoplealreadyontheirwaitinglist

forflightsintospace.Thespaceshiptotakethemdoesn1texistyet.

Manyofthecustomersarepeoplewholikeadventure.Theyarethekind

ofpeoplewhoalsowanttoclimbMountQomolangma.Othercustomersarepeople

wholovespace.However,thesepeopleareworried.Becauseit*ssoexpensive,

onlyveryrichpeoplecangointospace.Theywantspacetraveltobeavailable

tomorepeople.

Thatdaymaysoonbehere.InterOrbitalSystems（IOS）planstosendup

tofourtouristsaweekintospace.Thetourswilldepartfromanisland

inTonga.Thecompanypromisesapackagethatincludesforty-fivedaysof

astronauttraininginRussiaandCalifornia,sevendaysinspace,andavacation

inTongafor$2million.

However,spaceflightisstillverydangerous.BillReaddyisNASA*sdeputy

assistantadministratorforspaceflight.Hesaysthatthechancesofdying

areabout1in500.Becauseofthisitmaytaketimebeforespacetourism

reallytakesoff.Youmightbeabletogoup,butwillyoucomedown?

16>DennisTitowasthefirsttouristinspace.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>MarkShuttleworthisanengineerfromtheUnitedStates.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>BothTitoandShuttleworthhaveclimbedMountQomo1angma.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>SpaceAdventureshasabout100customerswaitingfortheirtravelinto

space.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、SpaceAdventuresalreadyhasaspaceship.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、IOSwillsenditstouristsintospacefromTonga.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、BillReaddythinksspaceflightisverydangerous.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、5

段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最

佳选项。

Carbondioxide

1ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth'satmosphereaffecttheheat

balanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemoleculesallow

radiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,

topassthrough,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelengthinfraredemissionsradiated

fromtheEarth'ssurface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackinto

space.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstantaveragetemperature,suchemissionsfrom

theplanetmustbalanceincomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxidein

theatmosphere,heatwouldescapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurface

temperaturewouldbesomuchlowerthattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.

2Today,however;thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.The

burningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingoftheforestshaveincreasedatmospheric

carbondioxidebyabout15percentinthe1sthundredyears,andwecontinuetoadd

carbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreaseincarbondioxidecauseaglobal

riseinaveragetemperatureandcouldsucharisehaveseriousconsequencesforhuman

society?Mathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasaf

unctionoftheincreaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.

3Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof-18℃canbeobservedatan

altitudeof5to6kilometersabovetheEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledtheradiating

level),thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometerapproachingtheEarth's

surface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout15℃.Anincreaseintheamountof

carbondioxidemeansthattherearemoremoleculesofcarbondioxidetoabsorb

infraredradiation.Asthecapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiation

increase,theradiatinglevelaridthetemperatureofthesurfacemustrise.

4Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbon

dioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃.Thismodel

assumesthat,theatmosphere'srelativehumidityremainsconstantandthe

temperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃perkilometer.

5Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewater

vaporintheatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfrared

wavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,therelative

humiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphere

increasesasthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfraredradiationwouldbe

absorbedandreradiatedbacktotheEarth'ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthe

surfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice,reducingtheEarth'sreflectivity.More

solarradiationwouldthenbeabsorbed,leadingtoafurtherincreaseintemperature.

AThepredictionofthemodel

BTheinfluenceontemperature

CTheeffectofcarbondioxide

DTheimportoftheassumption

ETheimportoftheassumption

FTheseriousconsequences

23、Paragraph1______

24、paragraph3______

25、Paragraph4______

26、Paragraph5______

Awillbeconstant

Btoabsorbinfraredradiation

Cisbecomingthepotentialproblem

Dprepareourselvestobechemists,physicist

Eincreasingcapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiation

Fescapefromtheearthmuchmoreeasily

27、Nowadaysztoomuchcarbondioxide.

28、Theradiatinglevelandthetemperatureofthesurfacemustrisebecause

ofthe.

29、Onlyiftheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereincreasesasthe

temperaturerises,theatmosphere1srelativehumidity.

30>Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidemeansthattherearemore

moleculesofcarbondioxide.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

弟扁

WalkingtoExercisetheBrain

Doyouthinksittingandstudyingallthetimewillimproveyourgrades?

Thinkagain.Gettingsomeexercisemayhelp,too.

Newresearchwitholderpeoplesuggeststhattakingregularwalkshelps

thempayattentionbetterthaniftheydidn1texercise.

Previousresearchhadshownthatmicelearn,remember,andpayattention

betterafterafewweeksofworkingoutonarunningwheel.Micethatexercise

havegreaterbloodflowtothebrainthanthosewhodon11.Theirbraincells

alsomakemoreconnections.

NeuroscientistsfromtheUniversityatUrbana-Champaignwantedtofind

outifthesamethingistrueforpeople.First,theymeasuredthephysical

fitnessof41adultszages58to77zaftereachpersonwalked1mile.Then,

participantslookedatarrowsonacomputerscreenandhadtousecomputer

keystoshowwhichwayoneparticulararrowwaspointing.

Adultswhowerephysicallyfitwerefasteratthearrowtask,andtheir

answerswerejustasaccurateastheirlessfitpeersztheresearchersfound.

Thefitterparticipantsalsohadmorebloodflowtoapartoftheirbrain

responsibleforpayingattentionandmakingdecisions.

Inasecondstudy,15elderlypeoplewhocompleteda6-monthaerobic-training

coursewerefasteratattentiontaskscomparedwith14seniorswhojustdid

stretchingandtoningexercisesforthesameamountoftime.

So,evengoingforawalkevery2or3daysforjust10to45minutescan

help.Thatshouldbegoodnewsforyourgrandparents.

Theeffectsofexercisingonthebrainsofyoungerpeoplehaven11been

1

studiedyet.Stillzitcan1hurttotakeoccasionalstudybreaksandgo

forawalkorrunaroundwithyourfriends.Youmightevendobetterinschool.

Whateveryoudo,though,don*ttrytoreadandwalkatthesametime.You

couldenduphurtingyourself!

31>Walkingregularlyhelpselderlypeople.

A.loseweight

B.becomehappier

C.concentratebetter

D.lookyounger

32>Aftertakingexerciseforafewweekszthemicewerefoundtohave.

A.higherbloodpressure

B.fasterheartbeat

C.morebloodflowtothebrain

D.betterappearance

33>Thefirststudyon41elderlypeoplefound.

A.theless-fitparticipantsdidarrowtasksfaster

B.thefitterparticipantsdidarrowtasksfaster

C.theless-fitparticipantsgavemoreaccurateanswers

D.thefitterparticipantsgavemoreaccurateanswers

34、Itcanbegoodforhealthwhenonetakesawalkevery2or3daysfor

atleast.

A.3minutes

B.45minutes

C.30minutes

D.10minutes

35、Itissuggestedinthelastparagraphthatpeopleshould.

A.runaroundonceaweek

B.notreadandwalkatthesametime

C.goforawalkeveryday

D.nothurttheirfriendswhileexercising

弟一^扁

NightoftheLivingAnts

Whenanantdieszotherantsmovethedeadinsectoutofthenest.This

behaviorisinterestingtoscientistszwhowonderhowantsknowforsure

andsosoonthatanotherantisdead.

Dong-HwanChoe,ascientistattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthat

Argentineantshaveachemicalontheoutsideoftheirbodiesthatsignals

tootherants."11mdead.Takemeaway.'*Butthere'satwisttoChoe*sdiscovery.

Theseantsarealittlebitlikezombies（僵尸）.Choesaysthattheliving

antsznotjustthedeadones,havethisdeathchemicals.Inotherwords,while

anantcrawlsaround,perhapsinapicnicorhome,it1stellingotherants

thatit*sdead.

Whatkeepsantsfromhaulingawaythelivingdead?ChoefoundthatArgentine

antshavetwoadditionalchemicalsontheirbodies,andthesetellnearby

antssomethinglike,"Wait-11mnotdeadyet."SoChoe1sresearchturnedup

H

twosetsofchemicalsignalsinants：onesayszI*mdead,"theotherset

n

saysz"I*mnotdeadyet.

Otherscientistshavetriedtofigureouthowantsknowwhenanotherant

isdead.Ifanantisknockedunconscious,otherantsleaveitaloneuntil

itwakesup.Thatmeansantsknowthatunmovingantscanstillbealive.

ChoesuspectsthatwhenanArgentineantdieszthechemicalthatsays

nWait-I*mnotdeadyet"quicklygoesaway.Oncethatchemicalisgone,only

theonethatsaysHI*mdead"isleft."It'sbecausethedeadantnolonger

smellslikealivingantthatitgetscarriedtothegraveyard,notbecause

itsbodyreleasesnewuniquechemicalsafterdeath,11saidChoe.Whenother

nH

antsdetectthedead"chemicalwithoutthe"notdeadyetchemicalzthey

haulawaythebody.ThiswasChoe*shypothesis（假设）.

Totesthishypothesis,ChoeandhisteamputdifferentchemicalsonArgentine

antpupae（蛹）.Whenthescientistsusedthe"I'mdead"chemical,otherants

quicklyhauledthetreatedpupaeaway.Whenthescientistsusedthe"Wait-I'm

notdeadyet"chemicalszotherantsleftthetreatedpupaealone.Choebelieves

thisbehaviorshowsthattheHnotdeadyet11chemicalsoverride（优先于）the

"dead"chemicalwhenpickedupbyadultants.Andthatwhenanantdies,the

"notdeadyet"chemicalsfadeaway.Othernearbyantsthendetecttheremaining

ndead"chemicalandremovethebodyfromthenest.

36、Whatismeantbyndeathchemical"mentionedinparagraph3?

A.Achemicalthatcontainspoison.

B.Achemicalthatcausesdeath.

C.Achemicalthatannouncesdeath,

D.Achemicalthatpreventsdeath.

37、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofants?

A.Antsknowverysoonthatanotherantisdead.

B.Whenanantisdead,othersmoveitsbodyoutofthenest.

C.Ifanantisunconscious,itismovedoutofthenest.

D.LivingantshavethenI*mdead"chemicalontheirbodies.

1

38、AccordingtoChoeshypothesisz

A.anantstillsmellslikealivingwhenitdies

B.thenIamdead"chemicalleavestheant1sbodywhenitdies

C.the”工amnotdeadyetHchemicalisleftwhenanantdies

D.theHIamnotdeadyet"chemicalleavestheant1sbodywhenitdies

39、Accordingtoparagraph7,whatistheresultofthetestonChoe1shypothesis?

A.Itshowsthathishypothesisiswrong.

B.Itprovesthathishypothesisisconvincing.

C.Itsuggeststhathishypothesisneedsrevising.

D.Notenoughevidencehasbeenfoundtosupporthishypothesis.

40、Thepassage"NightoftheLivingAnts"tellsusabout.

A.howanantismovedoutofthenestatnigh

B.whatanantdoesatnight

C.howanantfindsitswayindarkness

D.whathappenswhenanantdies

SilencePlease

IfthereisonegroupofworkersacrosstheWesternworldwhowillbeglad

thatChristmasisover,thatgroupisshopworkers.

Itisnotthattheyliketocomplain.Theyrealizethattheyaregoing

toberushedofftheirfeetatChristmas.Theyknowthattheiremployers

needhappycustomerstomaketheirprofitsthatpaytheirwages.Butthere

isonethingaboutworkinginashopoverChristmasthatistoobadtotolerate.

Thatthingismusic.Thesedayszallshopsandmanyofficeshavewhatis

knownas"Pipedmusic11or"muzak"playingforallthehoursthattheyare

open.Muzakhasanoddhistory.Duringthe1940szmusicwasplayedtocows

aspartofascientificexperiment.Itwasfoundthatcowswhichlistened

tosimple,happymusicproducedmoremilk.Perhapsworkersandcustomerswho

listenedtosimple,happymusicwouldbesnoreproductiveandspendmoremoney.

Infact,nobodyknowswhateffectplayingmuzakinshopshasonprofits.

Itissimplysomethingthateverybodydoes.Butwearelearningmoreabout

theeffectofconstantlyrepeatedhearingsofsongsonthepeoplewhohave

tohearthemallthetime.

Researchshowsthatrepeatedhearingsofcomplexpiecesofmusicbring

greaterenjoymentbeforebecomingtiresome.Andthatpointcomemuchsooner

withsimplesongs.

"That1sespeciallythecasewithtunesthatarealreadyfamiliar.Once

thattippingpointisreached,repeatedlisteningbecomeunpleasant,Hsays

ProfessorJohnSlobodaofUK*sKeeleUniversity*smusicpsychologygroup.

"Andthelesscontrolyouhaveoverwhatyouhear,thelessyoulikeit.11

That*swhypoliceforcesintheUSoftentryandresolvehostagesituations

byplayingpopsongsoverandoveragainathighvolume.Eventually,itbecomes

toomuchforthecriminalstostandandtheygiveup.

TheproblemgetsparticularlybadatChristmas,whenthemuzakconsists

entirelyofthesamefewfestivetunesplayedoverandoveragain.Whatmakes

itworsefortheshopworkersisthattheyalreadyknowthesetunes.They

getboredveryquickly.Thentheygetirritated.Thentheygetangry.

ShopworkersinAustriarecentlythreatenedtogoonstrikefortheright

tosilence."Shopworkerscan11escapetheChristmasmuzak.Theyfeelas

iftheyareterrorizedallday,especially*JingleBells*.Itarousesaggressive

n

feelings,saidGottfriedRieserzoftheAustrianshopworker*sunion.

Itisnotjustshopworkerswhocomplain.AsurveythisyearbyUKrecruitment

websiteRfoundthatChristmasisnotonlythemosttesting

timeforshopworkerszbutthatalmosthalfhadcomplaintsfromcustomers

aboutmuzak.AndtheBritishRoyalNationalInstitutefortheDeafestimates

thatsomestoresplayjingleBells300timeseachyear.

1n

"ThatsacoustictorturezsaysNigelRodgersofPipedown,agroupagainst

muzak.nIt1snotloudbuttherepetitivenaturecausespsychologicalstress.n

Thegroupwantsthegovernmenttolegislateagainstunwantedmusicinstoresz

hospitals,airports,swimmingpoolsandotherpublicplaces,claimingit

raisesthebloodpressureanddepressestheimmunesystem.

PerhapsgroupslikePipedowndon*treallyhavemuchtocomplainabout.

Afterall,surelytherealpointisthatpeoplehavemoneytospendWhycomplain

aboutabitofmusic?

41、TheshopworkersintheWesternworldaregladwhenChristmasisover

becausetheydon*thaveto

A.rushtheirfeetoffallday.

B.listentothemusicplayingallthetimeintheshop.

C.workovertimetomakemoreprofitsfortheboss.

D.trytopleasethecustomers.

42、Ithasbeenprovedthatlisteningtosimple,happyhasagoodeffecton.

A.cows.

B.workers.

C.customers.

D.bosses.

43、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtotheresearchfindings

reportedinparagraph6?

A.Repeatedhearingsofcomplexpiecesofmusicareenjoyableandnot

tiresome.

B.Repeatedhearingsofcomplexpiecesofmusicaretiresomeatfirstand

thenbecomeenjoyable.

C.Repeatedhearingsofsimplesongsaremoreenjoyablethanthoseofcomplex

piecesofmusic

D.Repeatedhearingsofsimplesongsbecometiresomesoonerthanthose

ofcomplexpiecesofmu