法学国际公法PPT

Dr.Prof.WANGShuminInternationalLaw国际公法〔导读本〕——21世纪法学系列教材总主编：曾宪义编著：[英]TIMHILLIER编注：杨泽伟出版社：中国人民大学出版社ISBN：7300063160价格：原价：45元优惠价：38.3元85折ISBN出版时间：2005-3第1版印刷时间：2005-3第1次印刷PrinciplesofInternationalLawTIMHILLIERPreface1.Goals1.Internationalstafftest2.NationalJudicialExaminationThereare44marksinInternationallaws,whichisat7%ofall.Internationalpubliclawmaybe12marks，whichisat2%ofall.Internationalprivatelawisabout16scores,whichisat2.7%.Internationaleconomiclawusuallytakes16makes，whichisat2.7%。1.IntroductiontoInternationalPublicLaw1.1defenitionInternationallawconcernsthestructureandconductofsovereignstates;analogousentities,suchastheHolySee;andintergovernmentalorganizations.

PopeinRoma

1.2Historicaldevelopment

Theiusgentiumorjusgentium(Latin,"lawofnations")isaconceptofinternationallawwithintheancientRomanlegalsystemandtheWesternlawtraditionsbasedonorinfluencedbyit.ThePeaceofWestphaliawasaseriesofpeacetreatiessignedbetweenMayandOctober1648.ThesetreatiesendedtheThirtyYears'War(1618–1648)intheHolyRomanEmpire,andtheEightyYears'War(1568–1648)betweenSpainandtheDutchRepublic,withSpainformallyrecognizingtheindependenceoftheDutchRepublic.GrotiusOppenheim(March30,1858–October7,1919)wasarenownedGermanjurist.Heisregardedbymanyasthefatherofthemoderndisciplineofinternationallaw.TheissueatstakewasTurkey'sjurisdictiontotryMonsieurDemons,theFrenchofficeronwatchdutyatthetimeofthecollision.Sincethecollisionoccurredonthehighseas,Franceclaimedthatonlythestatewhoseflagthevesselflewhadexclusivejurisdictionoverthematter.theCourt,therefore,rejectedFrance'sposition.1.3thenatureofpublicinternationallawtheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsasauniformofinternationaltrade；CISG1.4Isinternational

lawreallylaw?

InternationallawisalawofcoordinationNaturallaw(Latin:lexnaturalis),isasystemoflawthatispurportedlydeterminedbynature,andthusuniversal.Itiscontrastedwiththepositivelaw(meaning"man-madelaw",ofagivenpoliticalcommunity,society,ornation-state.Nomorethanindividualsdostatesdefendtheirviolationsbyclaimingthattheyareabovethelaw.Statesdefendtheirviolationsbyclaimingthattheyareabovethelawnomorethanindividuals.1.5theenforcementofinternationallawChinaandRussiaoverruledjointlyaresolutionofsecuritycouncilaboutSyrianNaturallawiscontrastedwiththepositivelaw(meaning"man-madelaw",ofagivenpoliticalcommunity,society,ornation-state.TheInternationalCriminalCourthaslaunchedapreliminaryinvestigationintoallegationsthatNorthKoreanforcescommittedwarcrimeswhentheyshelledcivilianareasinSouthKoreaandallegedlysankaSouthKoreanwarshipinDec.,2021.一位奥地利企业家因涉嫌向朝鲜出售价值约330万欧元〔约合3千万元人民币〕的奢侈品，奥地利维也纳法院于当地时间12月7日以涉嫌违反?联合国对朝鲜制裁〔禁止贸易〕决议案?为由，对本国一位男企业家处以330万欧元罚款，并判有期徒刑9个月缓期执行2021S-Brabus。Azimut-BenettiInternationalCourtofJusticeFormalsource2.Sourcesof

internationallawMaterialsourceArticle38(1)ofthe1946StatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeMajorsourceinternationalconventionsinternationalcustom

generalprinciplesArticle38(1)ofthe1946StatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticesubsidiarysourcejudicialdecisionshighlyqualifiedjuristicwritings2.1Treaties①TheCourtdeliveredjudgment,by11votesto6.Thedispute,whichwassubmittedtotheCourton20February1967,relatedtothedelimitationofthecontinentalshelf.Theequidistanceprinciplewasnotanecessaryconsequenceofthegeneralconceptofcontinentalshelfrights,andwasnotaruleofcustomaryinternationallaw.②Caseofthe"Wimbledon"Thevessel,havingbeencharteredinthemannerindicated,hadtakenonboardatSalonica4,200tonsofmunitionsandartillerystoresconsignedtothePolishNavalBaseatDanzig.OnthemorningofMarch21st,1921,itpresenteditselfattheentrancetotheKielCanal,buttheDirectorofCanalTrafficrefusedtoallowittopass,basinghisrefusalupontheneutralityOrdersissuedbyGermanyinconnectionwiththeRusso-Polishwar.TypeofAgreementBilateralPlaceofSignatureBrusselsAgreementonmaritimetransportbetweentheEuropeanCommunityanditsMemberStates,oftheonepart,andthegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,oftheotherpart2.2Custom2.2.1definitionThecustomlawisuniformlyorcontinuouslyandrepeatedlyexecutedsufficientlytodemonstratethatthecustomwasofagenerally-applicableacquiescence.Keepnarrowandstraight.AsylumCase(Colombiav.Peru)TheColombianAmbassadorinLima,PerúallowedTorre,headoftheAmericanPeople'sRevolutionaryAlliancesanctuaryafterhisfactionlostaonedaycivilwarinPeruon3October1948.TheColombiangovernmentgrantedhimasylum,butthePeruviangovernmentrefusedtogranthimsafepassageoutofPeru.TheICJheldthattheU.S.in1984hadviolatedinternationallawbysupportingtheContrasintheirrebellionagainsttheNicaraguangovernmentandbyminingNicaragua'sharbors.TheCourtfoundinitsverdictthattheUnitedStateswas"inbreachofitsobligationsundercustomaryinternationallaw1.nottouseforceagainstanotherState",2."nottointerveneinitsaffairs",3."nottoviolateitssovereignty",4.“nottointerruptpeacefulmaritimecommerce",优秀人才OpiniojurisStatepracticeJuscogens2.2.2categoriescharacterMaterialelementPsychologicalelementStatepracticeOpiniojurissivenecessitatis("anopinionoflawornecessity“)JuscogenswarcrimescrimesagainsthumanityPiracyGenocideApartheidslaveryandtorture.Racialsegregationoftherulingpartyfrom1948to1994inSouthAfricabeganincolonialtimesunderDutchandBritishrule.2.3generalprincipleoflaw2.3.1definitionAnon-liqutesituationwasmorelikelytoariseininternationallawandformula“generalprinciple〞wouldpluganygaps.GoodfaithCorporatepersonalityestoppelActiopopularis2.3.2categoriesAnactiopopulariswasanactioninRomanpenallawbroughtbyamemberofthepublicintheinterestofpublicordersuchasoilpollution.EstoppelinEnglishlawisadoctrinethatmaybeusedincertainsituationstopreventapersonfromrelyinguponcertainrights,oruponasetoffacts(e.g.wordssaidoractionsperformed)whichisdifferentfromanearliersetoffacts.In1937,HighTreesHouseLtdleasedablockofflatsinClapham,London,forarate£2500/yearfromCentralLondonPropertyTrustLtd.DuetotheconditionsduringthebeginningofWorldWarIIoccupancyratesweredrasticallylowerthannormal.Overthenextfiveyears,HighTreespaidthereducedratewhiletheflatsbegantofill,andby1945,theflatswerebackatfulloccupancy.CentralLondonsuedforpaymentofthefullrentalcostsfromJune1945onwards(i.e.forlasttwoquartersof1945).DenningJ(1899.1.23-1999.3.5)essentiallycreatedthedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelinequitylawfromestoppedbyrepresentationincommonlaw.thepowerofthearbitratorstodispensewithconsiderationofthelawandconsidersolelywhattheyconsidertobefairandequitableinthecaseathandLatinforaccordingtothe“rightandgood"or"fromequityandconscience〞.exaequoetbono2.4judicialdecision2.4.1definitionItisthedeterminationbyacourtofcompetentjurisdictiononmatterssubmittedtoit.2.4.2staredecisisIncommonlawlegalsystems,aprecedentorauthorityisaprincipleorruleestablishedinapreviouslegalcasethatiseitherbindingonorpersuasiveforacourtorothertribunalwhendecidingsubsequentcaseswithsimilarissuesorfacts.2.5Theteachingofthemosthighlyqualifiedpublicsofthevariousnations2.6otherpossiblesourcesResolutionsofgeneralassemblyinUNSpecializedagenciesoftheUNSoftlawandjuscogensOanaStefan,TheJudicializationofSoftLaw,DraftpapertobepresentedattheEdinburghUniversityStudents’Association(EUSA)TwelfthBiennialInternationalConference,Boston3-5March2021通告〔circular〕准那么〔code〕交流〔communication〕结论〔conclusion〕声明〔declaration〕戒律〔discipline〕框架〔framework〕指南〔guidancenote〕指导〔guide〕指导方针〔guideline〕信函〔letter〕备忘录〔memorandum〕公告〔notice〕意见〔opinion〕建议〔recommendation〕报告〔report〕决议〔resolution〕Shenzhenspecialeconomiczonetoacceleratetransformationofthemodeofeconomicdevelopmentpromotion?深圳经济特区加快经济开展方式转变促进条例?11/51．关于法的渊源和法律部门，以下哪些判断是正确的?A．自治条例和单行条例是地方国家权力机关制定的标准性文件B．行政法部门就是由国务院制定的行政法规构成的C．国际公法是中国特色社会主义法律体系的组成局部D．划分法律部门的主要标准是法律标准所调整的社会关系AD3.Thelawoftreaties3.1definitionoftreatyAtreatyisanexpressagreementunderinternationallawenteredintobyactorsininternationallaw,namelysovereignstatesandinternationalorganizations.Atreatymayalsobeknownasan(international)agreement,protocol,covenant,conventionorexchangeofletters,amongotherterms.3.2sourcesoftreaty1VCT1969

2VCS19783VCIO1986

3.3conclusionandentryintoforceoftreaties3.2.1accreditingofnegotiators03/20.甲某为A国国家总统，乙某为B国国家副总统，丙某为C国政府总理，丁某为D国外交部长。根据条约法公约规定，上述四人在参加国际条约谈判时，哪一个需要出示其所代表国家颁发的全权证书？A.甲某B.乙某C.丙某D.丁某解析：根据?维也纳条约法公约?第7条，国家元首、政府首脑和外交部长谈判缔约，或使馆馆长议定派遣国和接受国之间的条约约文，或国家向国际会议或国际组织或其机关之一派遣的代表，在议定该会议、组织或机关中的一个条约约文时，由于他们所任职务，无须出具全权证书。故不选A、C、D项。InternationalInstitutefortheUnificationofPrivateLaw(UNIDROIT)ConventiononInternationalFactoringFrance

07-11-8923-09-9101-05-95Germany21-12-9020-05-9801-12-98Belgium

CzechoslovakiaFinland

STATESIGNATURERATIFICATIONENTRYINTOFORCE21-12-9016-05-9030-11-90Italy13-12-9029-11-9301-05-95Latvia06-08-9701-03-98GhanaGuineaHungarySTATESIGNATURE

RATIFICATION

ENTRYINTOFORCE28-05-8828-05-8807-05-9601-12-96Philippines28-05-88UnitedKingdom

31-12-9001-03-98Morocco

Nigeria

STATESIGNATURE

RATIFICATION

ENTRYINTOFORCE04-07-88

28-05-88

25-10-9401-05-95UnitedStatesofAmerica

28-12-90Tanzania

28-05-8805/30.甲国建议并一直参与某多边国际公约的制订，甲国总统与其他各国代表一道签署了该公约的最后文本。根据该公约的规定，只有在2/3以上签字国经其国内程序予以批准并向公约保存国交存批准书后，该公约才生效。但甲国议会经过辩论，拒绝批准该公约。根据国际法的有关规那么，以下哪一项判断是正确的？A.甲国议会的做法违反国际法B.甲国政府如果不能交存批准书，将会导致其国际法上的国家责任C.甲国签署了该公约，所以该公约在国际法上已经对甲国产生了条约的拘束力D.由于甲国拒绝批准该公约，即使该公约本身在国际法上生效，其对甲国也不产生条约的拘束力此题中虽然甲国总统签署了条约，但国家没有批准其所签署条约的义务，因此甲国议会不批准公约不违反国际法，也不会导致国家责任。AB错误。国际法上，条约生效的日期和方式一般依照条约的规定，或依照各谈判国的约定。根据题干，该公约只有在2/3签字国经其国内程序予以批准并向公约保存国交存批准书后才生效，因此仅签署条约并不意味着该公约在国际法上已经对甲国产生了条约的拘束力，因此D正确，C错误。3.3ReservationstheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsasauniformofinternationaltrade；CISGArticle11Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.

09/29．甲、乙、丙国同为一开放性多边条约缔约国，现丁国要求参加该条约。四国均为?维也纳条约法公约?缔约国。丁国对该条约中的一些条款提出保存，以下哪一判断是正确的？A．对于丁国提出的保存，甲、乙、丙国必须接受B．丁国只能在该条约尚未生效时提出保存C．该条约对丁国生效后，丁国仍然可以提出保存D．丁国的参加可以在该条约生效之前或生效之后进行DLAWOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINAONTHEPROCEDUREOFTHECONCLUSIONOFTREATIESArticle3TheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashalldecideontheratificationandabrogationoftreatiesandimportantagreementsconcludedwithforeignstates.12/74.中国参与某项民商事司法协助多边条约的谈判并签署了该条约，以下哪些表述是正确的?A.中国签署该条约后有义务批准该条约B.该条约须由全国人大常委会决定批准C.对该条约规定禁止保存的条款，中国在批准时不得保存D.如该条约获得批准，对于该条约与国内法有不同规定的局部，在中国国内可以直接适用，但中国声明保存的条款除外3.4Applicationoftreaties3.4.1Pactasuntservanda3.4.2successivetreatiesArticle30intheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969〔VCT〕p3882.Whenatreatyspecifiesthatitissubjectto,orthatitisnottobeconsideredasincompatiblewith,anearlierorlatertreaty,theprovisionsofthatothertreatyprevail.04/33.甲乙丙三国订有贸易条约。后甲乙两国又达成了新的贸易条约，其中许多规定与三国前述条约有冲突。新约中规定，旧约被新约取代。甲乙两国均为?维也纳条约法公约?的缔约国。根据条约法，以下判断哪一项为哪一项错误的？A.旧约尚未失效B.新约不能完全取代旧约C.新约须经丙国成认方能生效D.丙国与甲乙两国间适用旧约答案C3.4.3TreatiesandthirdpartiesArticle34intheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969〔VCT〕p389Article35TreatiesprovidingforobligationsforthirdStatesAnobligationarisesforathirdStatefromaprovisionofatreatyifthepartiestothetreatyintendtheprovisiontobethemeansofestablishingtheobligationandthethirdStateexpresslyacceptsthatobligationinwriting.Article36TreatiesprovidingforrightsforthirdStates1.ArightarisesforathirdStatefromaprovisionofatreatyifthepartiestothetreatyintendtheprovisiontoaccordthatrighteithertothethirdState,ortoagroupofStatestowhichitbelongs,ortoallStates,andthethirdStateassentsthereto.Itsassentshallbepresumedsolongasthecontraryisnotindicated,unlessthetreatyotherwiseprovides.2.AStateexercisingarightinaccordancewithparagraph1shallcomplywiththeconditionsforitsexerciseprovidedforinthetreatyorestablishedinconformitywiththetreaty.Article37RevocationormodificationofobligationsorrightsofthirdStates1.WhenanobligationhasarisenforathirdStateinconformitywitharticle35,theobligationmayberevokedormodifiedonlywiththeconsentofthepartiestothetreatyandofthethirdState,unlessitisestablishedthattheyhadotherwiseagreed.2.WhenarighthasarisenforathirdStateinconformitywitharticle36,therightmaynotberevokedormodifiedbythepartiesifitisestablishedthattherightwasintendednottoberevocableorsubjecttomodificationwithouttheconsentofthethirdState.Article38Rulesinatreatybecomingbindingonthi