牛津译林版-必修五-Unit 2 The environment 全国公开课一等奖

Unit2TheEnvironmentGrammarandusage学案一、学习目标-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随二、自主学习1．作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句（常同连词when,after,while,once,until等连用）注：当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when,after等引导的时间状语从句互换1．Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。2．Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。2．作原因状语Beingastudent,Imustworkhard.=BecauseIamastudent,ImustworkhardBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3．作条件状语Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Puttingmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious=Ifyouputmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredeliciousBeinggivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=4．作伴随状语：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Thestudentscamein,______________（follow）theirteacher.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_____________（bring）meafullbasketoffreshfruits.5．作结果状语当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.=Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,———————————（非限制性定语从句）=Thefactorykeepsreleasing_theairismadedirty.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,causinghertokeepaslimfigure.=Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,____________hertokeepaslimfigure.=Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday，____________,shekeepsaslimfigure.4．作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。注意：1．分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。2．现在分词的否定式中，否定词not必须放在最前面。现在分词的否定形式not+现在分词（完成的否定式not放在having之前）Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.3．现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。Timepermitting,Iwillstayforanotherweek.=Iftimepermits,Iwillstayforanotherweek.Theboywasknockedover,bloodstreamingdownhishead.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.Nobodybeingin,Ididn’tenterthehall4．现在分词做独立成分：有些分词可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法。这些短语有：generally/franklyspeaking一般来说/坦白来说judgingfrom/by由……来判断takingallthingsintoconsideration从各方面来说supposingproviding/providedgiven假设，假如，设想considering认为concerning/regarding关于accordingto按照talkingof谈到speakingof说到tellingthetruth和你说实话eg:Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.Judgingfromhisaccent,heisanewcomer.Supposinghewon’tpasstheexam,whatshouldhedo?Accordingtohisreport,thesituationisgettingserious.1．Generally_____（speak）,wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2．_____（judge）fromhisappearance,heissomebody.3．_____（tell）youthetruth,yourworkisterrible.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态（1）完成主动式Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed.Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做定语用（2）一般被动式表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。Thecarbeingrepairedismine.＝Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine.Beingrepaired,thecarcan’tbeused.＝As/Becauseitisbeingre