高考任务型阅读解题技巧模板

Typesoftask-basedreading第一页，共64页。1任务(rènwu)型阅读综合能力考查题通过阅读(yuèdú)短文，填写表格中相应内容考察学生:获取信息能力加工处理信息能力、综合概括信息能力表达信息能力第二页，共64页。2根据图表的呈现(chéngxiàn)形式1．表格(biǎogé)状〔Table〕2.树状图表〔Tree-shaped〕3．蛛网状图表〔Spider-shaped〕第三页，共64页。3表格(biǎogé)状〔Table〕

In(71)_____Hewasborntoasinglemother.6weeksoldHe(72)_____asababybyRexanAulevaThomas.AttheageoffiveThomasspentyearsontheroadasRextraveledaround(73)_____.In1944Thomasstartedworkingat(74)_____inKnoxville,Tenn.15yearsoldHe(75)_____onhisown.In1954Thomas(76)_____Lorraine.In(77)_____HemetwithHarlandSanders.In1968Hebecamea(78)_____.In(79)_____ThomasstartedthefirstWendy'sOldFashionedHamburgers，inColumbus.In1993,graduatedfromCoconutGreatHighSchoolinFlorida."TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,"saidhisfriendPatWilliams."Hewasn'tagreatactororagreatspeaker."HewasjustJoeEverybody."Andin2001,Thomas(80)_____.第四页，共64页。4树状图表(túbiǎo)〔Tree-shaped〕StressfulteenagersThecausesoftressWaystodealwithstressLivinginacompetitiveworldEnoughsleepPhysicalexerciseTimemanagingPhysicalexercisePhysicalexercisePhysicalexercise第五页，共64页。5蛛网状图表(túbiǎo)〔Spider-shaped〕ThecausesoftressWaystodealwithstressLivinginacompetitiveworldEnoughsleepPhysicalexerciseTimemanagingPhysicalexercise第六页，共64页。61.先表后文，预测(yùcè)文意

“先表后文〞是指先读表格，了解表格的内容和要求，再根据表格的要求快速阅读短文，这样便使阅读带有较强的目的性和针对性，从而有助于保证所获取(huòqǔ)的信息的准确性，同时也节省了阅读的时间，提高了正确做题的速度。

答题步骤第七页，共64页。7答题步骤2.寻找出处(chūchǔ)，对号入座每个空格的所填内容一般可以从给定的材料中找到出处或依据。根据试题(shìtí)在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置，抓住图表各栏目中所给出的信息词，到文中段落里画出含有这些信息词的相应词句，并标上题号〔76~85〕，为下一步答题打下根底。第八页，共64页。8认真阅读(yuèdú)材料，要对所划出词句进行整理、分类、加工、延伸，过滤出自己所需的有用信息。注意相关信息的细节问题，注意这些细节的共性或规律，同时结合表格〔尤其是表格的表头〕的要求，过滤出自己所需的信息。答题步骤3.整合(zhěnɡhé)信息，分析归纳第九页，共64页。9原文词；〔即在文章中直接(zhíjiē)找到〕归纳词〔主要出现在表格的表头、行标题或栏标题中〕转换词〔主要是词性转换〕同、反义词〔主要是同义转换或加否认词的反义转换〕释义词〔即能解释原文中的词，词组、或句子意思的词〕。答题步骤4．判断(pànduàn)用词，准确表达第十页，共64页。10①大小写？②表达形式在语法上是否与同横纵栏目一致？③横纵栏目内的表达信息是否一致？④单词有无拼写错误？尤其检查是否正确(zhèngquè)运用了名词单复数形式；动词-ing或-ed形式；形容词及副词的比较等级形式等。答题步骤5.通观全文(quánwén)，复读检查第十一页，共64页。11表原因：reason(for),cause(of)；表目的：purpose,aim,goal；表种类：kind,type,category,style(风格)；表方式、方法：means,way,method，solution,approach；表建议：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip；表态度、观点：attitude,idea,opinion；表用途、功能：use,usage,function；表意义(yìyì)，重要性，价值：significance,importance;value常见的归纳概括词第十二页，共64页。12表意义：重要性，价值：significance,importance,value表成败(chéngbài)：success，failure表变化：趋势：change,trend,tendency,表增加：rise,increase,decrease;表事件：incident,event；表内容、工程：content,item；表描述：description,appearance,look,shape,color,size,length,width,distance,height,；常见的归纳概括词第十三页，共64页。13表定义：definition；表主题：topic,theme,subject；表特点，特征：feature,characteristic,character(性格)；表来源，历史：history,source,origin；表影响，结果(jiēguǒ)：effect,influence,result,consequence；表措施，行动：measure,action,activity,behavior；表益处，不利：benefit,advantage,disadvantage；表步骤：step,procedure,process；常见的归纳概括词第十四页，共64页。14表便利或不便：convenience；inconvenience表缺点：shortcoming，drawback表概括，总结：summary,conclusion；表评论、评价(píngjià)：comment,remark,assessment；表问题：problem,question,issue；表要求、需求：demand,need,requirement；表介绍，信息：introduction，information；常见的归纳概括词第十五页，共64页。15表时间，年代：date,time,；表年龄(niánlíng)，性别：age，sex；表地位,阶层：status，class(political,economic,social)表职位，状况，条件：position，situation,condition表家庭，婚姻：family，marriage；表教育，背景：education，background表经历，经验：experience常见的归纳概括词第十六页，共64页。16表学位，资格：degree，qualification表职业：work,job,occupation,profession；表成就，奉献(fèngxiàn)：achievement，contribution表关系：relation,relationship；表信仰：belief；表情绪感觉：feeling,emotion,motivation(动机)；表反响：response,reaction常见的归纳概括词第十七页，共64页。17表人口：population；表天气，气候：weather,climate；表方位：location,position；表资源：resource；表物质，材料(cáiliào)：substance,material；表经济，产业,农业：economy，industry，agriculture；表科技：science，technology表交通、运输：traffic,transportation；常见的归纳概括词第十八页，共64页。18

表比例，百分比：rate,percentage；表质量，数量(shùliàng)：quality,quantity,amount,number；表异、同：difference,similarity;表设备：equipment(不可数),facility(可数)；表现象，迹象，病症：phenomenon，sign,symptom；表灾难，事故：disaster,accident,threat；表预防：prevention,precaution；表治疗：treatment,cure；表程度：degree；常见的归纳概括词第十九页，共64页。191．标题(biāotí)归纳题1.根据(gēnjù)“文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首段，一段末或二段首，文章末段〞的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题。2.文中出现的高频率词或词组，往往就是标题。判定归纳概括词的方法第二十页，共64页。20Muchofourgoodhealthdependsonthecooperationbetweensubstances.Whentheyworktogether,chemicalreactionstakeplacesmoothly.Bodysystemsarekeptinbalance.Someofthemostimportanthelpersinthejobofgoodhealtharethesubstanceswecallvitamins.VitaminAisneededtoproducealight-sensitivesubstanceintheeyes.VitaminB-oneisalsocalledthiamine.硫胺(维生素B1)Itchangesstarchy(淀粉(diànfěn))foodsintoenergy.VitaminB-twelveisneededsofolic(叶酸)acidcandoitswork.VitaminCisnecessaryforstrongbonesandteeth,andforhealthybloodvessels(.管)判定归纳概括词的方法Example1 Title_______76___________

Vitamins第二十一页，共64页。212．段落(duànluò)归纳题

段落归纳概括题常位于表格(biǎogé)的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动(名)词词组。判定归纳概括词的方法第二十二页，共64页。22判定归纳概括词的方法Example276________

77____________

Sources78____________

causedbylackofitVitaminAHelpingpreventpoorsightatnightFishliveroil,yellowpartofeggs,darklycoloredfruitsandvegetables InabilitytoseeatnightVitaminB-1 Helpingthe79____system Grains,beans,nuts,meatandfishgoodforthe81___workoftheheartandnervoussystem80____andslowgrowthVitaminB-12Helpinggetredbloodcells82______83___foodslikeeggs,meat,fishandmilkproductsanemiaVitaminCA84____forstrongbonesandteethandhealthybloodvesselsCitrusfruits,tomatoesanduncookedvegetablesNot85_______FunctionsKindsProblems第二十三页，共64页。232．段落(duànluò)归纳题判定归纳概括词的方法注意:有时所填写的概括词不能照抄(zhàochāo)主题句中的关键词，而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性，甚至是另换一词。第二十四页，共64页。24

Volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer.Forexample,volunteeringoffersyouchancetodevelopability,skillandpersonalstrengths.Aspartofavolunteergroup,yougetfirst­handexposuretouseandlearncommunicationandteamworkdynamics.

______ofvolunteeringOfferyouchancetodevelopability,skillandpersonalstrengths.Makeyouuseandlearncommunicationandteamworkdynamics判定归纳概括词的方法Example2Advantages(Benefits)第二十五页，共64页。253.根据文中信息(xìnxī)词判定概括词根据(gēnjù)how判断用ways,tips,methods，solutions,etc.；根据(gēnjù)why,because,resultin,leadto,becausedby等判断用reasons,causes；根据(gēnjù)inshort,allinall判断用summary；根据(gēnjù)referto,be,becalled判断用definition；根据(gēnjù)therefore,thus,so,asaresult判断用result,conclusion；根据(gēnjù)find,discover判断用findings。判定归纳概括词的方法第二十六页，共64页。261．转换(zhuǎnhuàn)词性需要(xūyào)填写的词不能照抄。即能从文中找到信息句，并转换原词的词性后再填入空格。例如：动词转换为名词，名词转换为动词或形容词，名词或形容词转换为动词等。判定转换词的方法第二十七页，共64页。27Example VitaminB-twelveisneededsofolic(叶酸(yèsuān))acidcandoitswork.Together,theyhelpproduceredbloodcells.Withoutthem,apersonsuffersfromanemia(贫血).VitaminB-twelveisfoundnaturallyinfoodssuchaseggs,meat,fishandmilkproducts. VitaminCisnecessaryforstrongbonesandteeth,andforhealthybloodvessels(.管)Italsohelpswoundshealquickly.ThebodystoresverylittlevitaminC.Sowemustgetiteverydayinfoodssuchascitrus(柑橘类的)fruits,tomatoesanduncookedcabbage.判定转换词的方法VitaminB-12Helpinggetredbloodcells82____________83_________foodslikeeggs,meat,fishandmilkproductsanemiaVitaminCA84___________forstrongbonesandteethandhealthybloodvesselsCitrusfruits,tomatoesanduncookedvegetablesNotmentioned

producednaturalnecessity第二十八页，共64页。28判定转换词的方法2．名词(míngcí)所有格“’s〞和of所有格及其他表达式之间的转换1).Theirfather’swordisthelaw.

Theyhavetolistentotheir_________.father2)Theopinionsofmostscientistsarequitedifferentfromthoseoftheparents.Most_________opinionsarequitedifferentfromthoseoftheparents.

scientists’第二十九页，共64页。29在考虑转换词时，可以(kěyǐ)把作后置定语的名词、形容词、分词作前置定语等。3．后置定语(dìngyǔ)、补语等转化为前置定语(dìngyǔ)判定转换词的方法2.Theyaretryingtomakelivingconditionsbetter.1.Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit.Theyaretryingtomake________livingconditions.betterAgradualfamilyunit_______willbeonelikelydevelopment.change3.Someoilsremaininginthecrushedseedscanbegotbyputtingmoreheavyrocksonthem.

Some__________oilintheseedscanbegotbyputtingmoreheavyrocksonthem.remaining第三十页，共64页。304.将定语从句(cónɡjù)改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语判定转换词的方法1.Thereporterisboththeprimaryandthesecondarysource.Butthephotographerwhoworkswithhim/herisstillapramarysource.Thereporterisboththeprimaryandthesecondarysource.Butthephotographer________withhim/herisstillapramarysource.working2.69%ofthepeoplewhoareinvolvedinthesurveyarestronglyinfavoroftheholidayproposal.

69%ofthepeople_________inthesurveyarestronglyinfavoroftheholidayproposal.

involved第三十一页，共64页。31

Visityourdoctoratregulartimestofindabouttheprogressofyourallergiesinsteadofhavingstrictdietseveryday.判定转换词的方法5.修饰名词的形容词与修饰动词(dòngcí)的副词之间的转换Seedoctors_________tofindabouttheprogressofyourallergiesinsteadofhavingdiets___________-everyday.allergy英音(yīnɡyīn)：['ælədʒi]】过敏症regularlystrictly第三十二页，共64页。32判定转换词的方法分析句子成分，注意主被动句子中主语(zhǔyǔ)和宾语的转换以及句子意思的转化，1).YouarerequestedtobepresentattheclubmeetingonFriday.Your__________isrequestedattheclubmeetingonFriday.presence2).Thesuggestionisthatyoushouldkeepalltheserulesinmind.____________alltheserulesinmindissuggested.keeping第三十三页，共64页。337.句子结构(jiégòu)的转换判定转换词的方法1〕Withoutasoundbody,onecannotachieveanything。Nothingcanbeachieved_____onedoesn'thaveasoundboody.if分析句子结构(jiégòu)，注意简单句，并列句和复合句之间的转换，确定正确的关联词。

2)Therearesignstellingyounottosmoke,butpeopleignorethem.__________therearesignstellingyounottosmoke,yetpeopleignorethem.Although第三十四页，共64页。34判定同义词，反义词的方法1.ItisoftencheapertobuygoodsthroughtheInternet.ThegoodsontheInternetarenotso_________.expensive掌握常用同义词和反义词，必备的构词法知识和习惯搭配，还有注意(zhùyì)加否认词的反义转换。2.Thisphenomenonhasledtoabigproblemwhichcouldn'tbesolvedinashortperiod.

Thisphenomenonhas_________inabigproblemwhichcouldn'tbesolvedinashortperiod.resulted3.Itisimpossibleforyoutofinishthetaskwithouttheteacher'sguidance.Thereisno_________thatyoucanfinishthetaskwithouttheteacher'sguidance.possibility第三十五页，共64页。35

1.Hefinallymanagedtofindanapartmentnearhisoffice.判定释义词的方法从文中找到信息句,结合表中空格前后(qiánhòu)的表达方式，用一个恰当的词解释原文信息句中的词，词组或句子。

Hefinally___________infindinganapartmentnearhisoffice.succeeded2.Thechangeshavesomethingtodowitheventsthattookplaceovertenyearsago.Thechanges__________toeventsthattookplaceovertenyearsago.relate3.Telluswhatyouarecalled,addressoccupation第三十六页，共64页。36总结第三十七页，共64页。371．简洁性原那么(nàme)：根据试题的要求，填入一个最恰当的词，因此必须对所获取的信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当的词简洁地表达重要信息。一方面要学会抓关键词，另一方面要学会用不同的表达方式，如词性(cíxìng)转换、句子结构的转换和不同的词表达同一个概念。答题原则第三十八页，共64页。382.语法(yǔfǎ)形式一致性原那么：可以参照前后左右所给出的其他信息的表达(biǎodá)形式从而确定需要表达(biǎodá)的形式。但要注意横纵栏目内的表达(biǎodá)形式在语法上要一致，挖掘出其表达(biǎodá)形式的共性，例如，要么都是形容词短语，要么都是名词短语，要么都是动词的­ing或-ed形式等。答题原则第三十九页，共64页。393．概括(gàikuò)针对性原那么：解题时要注意以下几点：〔1〕概括性。要研究本行、列的全部内容，选词要最大限度(xiàndù)覆盖本行、列的全部信息的主要内容。〔2〕针对性。所填的词不能太大或太小。〔3〕醒目性。所填的词应具有吸引力。答题原则第四十页，共64页。404.忠于原文(yuánwén)原那么：答案(dáàn)不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能够在原文中找到相关信息表达要点，那么就不宜采用其他同义或近义词来表达该信息词。答题原则第四十一页，共64页。41正确表达是任务型阅读的根本要求。在阅读材料中找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，做出正确的表达。要防止时态、语态、人称、单复数形式的错误(cuòwù)，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误(cuòwù)。答题原则第四十二页，共64页。42Practice第四十三页，共64页。43使用(shǐyòng)原词Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger.Theresearchcomesfrompoortomiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.

Title:anewresearchTheme_______ischildren’sbiggestkiller.

Hunger第四十四页，共64页。44变形(biànxíng)转换：词汇变形(biànxíng)1Therearesomeverygoodthingsaboutopeneducation.Thiswayofteachingallowsthestudentstodeveloptheirowninterestsinmanysubjects.Openeducationallowsstudentstoberesponsiblefortheirowneducation.

◆Openeducationisawayofteachingwhichallowsstudentstolearnwhattheyare______________in.

interested第四十五页，共64页。45变形(biànxíng)转换：词汇变形(biànxíng)2TheOccupationHandbookisagoodresource.Regularlyupdated,theHandbookisavailableasabookandon-line.NotonlyisinformationprovidedabouttheUnitedStatesasawhole,butreaderscaneasilysearchforinformationabouttheirparticularstate.

.Title:Occupationhandbook◆Theinformationisupdatedina_____________manner.regular第四十六页，共64页。46变形(biànxíng)转换：词汇变形(biànxíng)3Astheyfish,cheerforeveryfishtheycatch.Makeareallybigdealoutofit.Takepictures.Andifit’spossible,takesomehometoclean.Letthechildhelpyoucleanwithatableknife,sohecan’tgethurt.

Title:teachakidtofish◆Takesomehomeandletthechildhelptocleanwithatableknifetoavoid____________hurt.getting第四十七页，共64页。47变形(biànxíng)转换：词汇变形(biànxíng)4Manypeopleneedguidanceinchoosingacareer(职业(zhíyè)).Fortunately,thereismuchinformationontheWebaboutjobopportunities.Withalltheinformationavailable,it'snotsurprisingthatpeoplecanfeelconfused.Soifyou'rereadytostartyourfirstjoborchangecareers,wheredoyoubegin?Title:findinginformationonthewebfortheinformation

◆Thereisalotofjobinformationon-line,buttoomuchofitmaysometimesbe______________.confusing第四十八页，共64页。48变形状(xíngzhuàn)换：句意转换1Openeducationallowsthestudentstodeveloptheirowninterestsinmanysubjects.Openeducationallowsstudentstoberesponsiblefortheirowneducation.Somestudentsdobadlyintraditionalclassrooms.Theopenclassroommayallowthemtoenjoylearning.Somestudentswillbehappierinanopeneducationschool.Theywillnothavetoworryaboutgradesorrules.

◆Openeducationenablesstudentstorealizetheyarelearningfor__________,notforothers.◆Inopenclassrooms,manystudentsdon’tneedtobe_________ofgradesorrules.afraidthemselves第四十九页，共64页。49变形(biànxíng)转换：句意转换2Inconclusion,modernpeopleappeartobemoreself-centeredthanthoseinthepastduetostrongoutsidepressure.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandbuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.

◆Fiercecompetitionandgreatpressureonmodernpeoplemay_________________tothechanges.lead/contribute第五十页，共64页。50常用高频词汇概括(gàikuò)总结特点(tèdiǎn)：概括性针对性逻辑性

第五十一页，共64页。51常用高频词汇(cíhuì)总结1_______Theprogrammeisintendedtopreventaccidentalinjuriesadeaths.Becausesixoutofevery10accidentaldeathshappentoChinesechildrenwhoareplaying,ShanghaiJohnson&JohnsonPharmaceutical(SJJP),aUS-basedpharmaceuticalgiant,isworkingonaSafeKidsProgramtopreventinjuriesanddeaths.Title:SafekidsprogramPurpose/Intention第五十二页，共64页。52常用(chánɡyònɡ)高频词汇概括1意图(yìtú)与目的：purpose(s)intentionaim(s)goal(s)target(s)第五十三页，共64页。53常用高频词汇(cíhuì)总结2_______Gasesfromburnigcoal,oil,andwoodwithindustrialpollution.Mostscientistsarenowcertainthatglobalwarmingistakingplace.Gasessuchascarbondioxideproducedbyburningofcoal,oil,wood,togetherwithindustrialpollution,arecreatingawarmblanketaroundtheearth.Thisblanketistrappingheatintheatmosphereandsoraisingthetemperatureoftheearth.Title:Globalwarming

Cause第五十四页，共64页。54常用高频词汇(cíhuì)概括2因果、结论(jiélùn)：原因：cause(s)/reason(s)结果/结论(jiélùn)：result(s)/consequence(s)conclusion(s)/effect(s)

第五十五页，共64页。55常用高频词汇(cíhuì)总结3CathyMoulton’s_______Forfivedaysaweek,peoplewithdiabetesshoulddoatleast30minutes’physicalactivity.CathyMoultonfromDiabetesUKsuggeststhatpeoplewithdiabetesdoaminimumof30minutesofappropriatephysicalactivityonatleastfivedaysoftheweek.

Title:TaiChihe