2021-2022学年宁夏回族自治区银川市统招专升本英语一模测试卷(含答案)

2021-2022学年宁夏回族自治区银川市统招专升本英语一模测试卷(含答案)

一、单选题(20题)1.Shemissedthetrainbecauseshehadbeen______thetrafficjam（）

A.stuckinB.strickeninC.stucktoD.struckto

2.ItwasinJohnson’shotel（）thebusinessmeetingwasheldlastyear

A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which

3.Hehasastrongofduty（）

A.senseB.emotionC.passionD.thought

4.Manypeoplefavor______morenuclearpowerplants（）

A.tobuildB.buildC.builtD.building

5.Ihavemade（）Iwillnevergobackonmywor

A.thatitclear

B.itclearthat

C.itthatclear

D.clearthatit

6.Toknowwhatisgoodand______aretwoquitedifferentthings（）

A.knowingwhatiswrong

B.dowhatisright

C.todowhatisright

D.doingwhatisright

7.BythissummerElizabethhereforeightyears（）

A.willliveB.wouldhavelivedC.willhavelivedD.haslived

8.Hiseyeswerefilledwithtearswhenhe____hisfamilyafteralongseparation.He______soexcitedbeforeinhislife（）

A.meets;hasneverbeen

B.met;hasneverbeen

C.meets;hadneverbeen

D.met;hadneverbeen

9._____isnotknownyet（）

A.Whetherwewillgotothepark

B.Althoughwewillgotothepark

C.Unlesstheycometoseeus

D.Nomatterhowhardtheworkis

10.Themoneycollectedshouldbemadegoodusethepeoplewhosufferedalotinthesnowstorm（）

A.ofhelpingB.tohelpingC.tohelpD.oftohelp

11.Theylosttheirwayintheforestandmademattersworsewasnightbegantofall（）

A.thatB.itC.whatD.which

12.Theadvertisingcompanyrecentlyhiredadesigner_____hadoncewonaprizeinanationalcontest（）

A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.who

13.Itwas____shespokehatIhadrealizedshewasn'tEnglish（）

A.untilB.unlessC.notuntilD.notunless

14.Peteraswellashisfriends（）tomusic

A.liketolisten

B.likestolisten

C.likestohear

D.likelistening

15.Thewarwentonforyears,thousandsofpeople（）

A.killB.killedC.killingD.tokill

16.Don'tthenewstothepublicuntilyouareaskedto（）

A.releaseB.showC.announceD.expose

17.Wewereall_____whenweheardthe_______newsthattherescueteamfoundanothersurvivor（）

A.excited;excited

B.exciting;exciting

C.excited;exciting

D.exciting;excited

18.Whenwearrivedattheairport,weweretoldourflight（）

A.hadbeencancelled

B.hadcancelled

C.hasbeencancelled

D.cancelled

19.Thedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe（）ofthemedicineonthemice

A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.effect

20.youdo,youshouldputyourheartintoit（）

A.NomatterhowB.WheneverC.NomatterwhatD.Wherever

二、选词填空题(10题)21.3.____

22.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

23.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

三、情景对话(10题)24.73.____（）

25.72.____（）

26.M:Whatafinedaytoday!1

W:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.2

M:Let’sgototheGreenHill.

W:Shallwetakethebusthere?

M:3It’snotveryfar.

W:ThatwillbeOK.I’llridemynewbikemyfatherboughtmeformybirthdaylastmonth.

M:4

W:Let’saskMaryandJacktogowithus.TheyplannedtogolastSundaybutitrained.

M:Good!I’msuretheywillbehappyto.

W:Haveyougotanyideawhatwearegoingtodothere?

M:5

W:Thatwillbefine

1（）

A.Wecangotherebybike

B.Whynotasksomeoneelsetojoinus?

C.Wheretogo?

D.Howaboutgoingonatrip?

E.Wecanjustlieonthegrasshavingagoodrest

27.Task1（每小题2分，共10分）

W：Goodmorning，Mr.Zhang.IamChenHua，andI'llbeinterviewingyou.Howareyoutoday?

M：66

W：Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourexperiencesinthiskindofwork?

M：Well，formanyyears，ImanagedadepartmentfortheRedstoneCompanyinLondon.NowIworkpart-timebecauseIalsogotoschoolatnight.I'mgettingabusinessdegree.

W：Oh，howinteresting.67

M：I'llfinishschoolinafewmonths，andI'dlikeafull-timepositionwithmoreresponsibility.

W：Andwhywouldyouliketoworkforourcompany?

M：68

W：Couldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourspecialskillsandinterests?

M：Ofcourse，I'mgoodatcomputersandIcanspeakFrench.IusedtotakeFrenchclassesatthelocalcollege.69

W：Canyougivemeanyreferences?

M：Yes，certainly.YoucantalktoMr.Wang，myboss，attheRedstoneCompany.Icouldalsogiveyouthenamesandnumbersofseveralofmyteachers.

W：Allright，Mr.Zhang.70

M：Yes,IwonderwhenI'llbeinformedaboutmyapplicationforthejob?

W：Well，we'llletyouknowassoonaspossible.Let'skeepintouch.Thankyouverymuchforyourcoming.

M：Thankyou.

A.Iamfine.Thankyou.

B.Wouldyouliketoaskmeanyquestions?

C.AndIliketravellingalot.

D.BecauseIknowyourcompany'swork，andIlikeit.

E.Tellme,whydoyouwanttoleaveyourpresentjob

66.____（）

28.Task2（每小题2分，共10分）

MissWu:CanIhelpyou?

LiGang:Yes,I'dliketoreturnthisbook,please.

MissWu:71

LiGang:No,Icouldn'treadit.Ihadahardtimereadingafewpages,andthenIdecidedtogiveup.

MissWu:72

LiGang:Itwasn'tthelanguage.Itwasthewords.Theyaretoosmallforme.

MissWu:73WhatcanIdoforyouthen?

LiGang:Well,I'dbegladifyoucouldfindmeanotherbook.

MissWu:74

LiGang:Yes,butonewithbiggerwords.

MissWu:75

LiGang:Oh,OliverTwist.Thisoneisfine.Andthewordsaremuchbigger.Thankyouverymuch.

MissWu:You'rewelcome.

A.Whataboutthisone?

B.AnotherEnglishstorybook?

C.Oh?ButIknowyouaregoodatEnglish.

D.Didyouenjoythebook?

E.Yes,theyarereallysmall

71.____（）

29.70.____（）

30.4（）

A.Whowon?

B.Howhardtheypractice!

C.Theyarecool,aren’tthey?

D.Didyougotoseethebasketballgameyesterday?

E.IknowthatbothJohnandTimareontheteam

31.5（）

A.Thepopulationisonlyabout50,000

B.Wow,itsoundslikeaniceplacetolivein

C.WhichpartofEnglandisthat?

D.Doyouhavemodernstuff,likeahealthclub,amovietheatreorthingslikethat?

E.Canyouintroduceyourself,please

32.74.____（）

33.3（）

A.IsthereaChinesefestivalinJune,too?

B.Yes,youareverysmart

C.Itsoundsveryinteresting

D.WhatdoyouusuallydoonthatdayinChina?

E.Whatapity!

四、翻译(10题)34.Thechartenablesustoknowmoreclearlyaboutthestudents'leisureactivitiesatpresent

35.Passengersgoingtotheairportbyarrangedbusesmusttakethebusatthetimeandplaceasshownbelow

36.Theywouldbeveryreluctanttopostponeorcancelthemeeting

37.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班

38.Itisunfairtothinkthatgoodsfromabroadmustbebetterthanthosemadeathome

39.使我们失望的是,他没有遵守承诺

40.不管有多忙，他总是抽时间帮我复习物理

41.Weallknowthatnormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7~8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16~17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness

42.那孩子说起话来就好像是个大人似的

43.随着世界人口的增长，环境质量每况愈下。人口增长对环境的影响体现在两个方面（）

五、阅读理解(10题)44.Asupermarketplayssoftmusicbecause_______（）

A.peopleliketolistentoit

B.thestorehasacomfortabletemperature

C.itwillmakepeoplespend

D.itwillremindpeopletobuythethingstheywant

45.Ifyouneedatransfusion,thebestandsafestbloodforyouis_____（）

A.typeAB

B.exactlythesametypeasyours

C.typeA

D.amixtureofsalt,liquid,andtypeO

46.AlmosttwointhreeBritonsareunabletospeakalanguageotherthanEnglish,i.e.monolingual,ineffect,theworstrecordinEurope,astudydonebytheEuropeanCommissionhasformed.Thiscomparedwithanaverageof44%acrosstheEUandjustl%inLuxembourg.

ThestudyalsoprovedthatEnglishwasthemostwidely-spokenforeignlanguagethroughoutEurope,with51%ofEUcitizensabletoholdaconversationinEnglish,including13%forwhomitwastheirmothertongue.

ThereportwamedthattherewasgrowingdividebetweenmultilingualandmonolingualEuropeans,"AmultilingualEuropeanislikelytobeyoung,well-educatedorstillstudying,borninacountryotherthanthecountryofresidence,whousesforeignlanguagesforprofessionalreasonsandisinterestedinlearning."thereportconcluded."Asaresult,itseemsthatalargepartofEuropeansocietyisnotenjoyingtheadvantagesofmultilingualism."

TamzinCaffreyoftheNationalCenterforLearningLanguages,saidBritonscouldloseoutbecauseoflaziness.Shesaid,"thereissometimesaveryself-importantviewthatpeoplefromothercountrieswilllearntospeakEnglish,sowedon'tneedtobothertolearntospeaktheirlanguages.Britonsaremissingoutonawonderfulchancetoworktogetherwithothercountriesonholidayoronbusinessbecausetheydon'tspeakthelanguage."

MsLemmens,42,whohaslivedintheUKforfiveyears,said,"WhenIwasgrowingup,youhadtotakeatleasttwoforeignlanguagestofinishhighschool.IstartedLatinasmyfirstlanguageatage10,EnglishasmysecondandFrenchasmythird,IlearntItalianafterIleftschool.LearningalanguagereallyisaIife-changingexperience.Itenablesyoutoreallyexperiencedifferentculturesanditopenstheworlduptoyou."

WhatisthepercentageofpeoplewhocanspeakEnglishacrosstheEU（）

A.1%B.13%C.44%D.51%

47.Healthytreesareimportanttousall.Treesprovideshade,beauty,andhomesforwildlife.Treesgiveusproductslikepaperandwood.Treescangiveusalltheseonlyiftheyarehealthy.Theymustbewellcaredfortoremainhealthy.

Yourtrees’troublemaybeyouyourself.Peoplespendmuchtimeandmoneyplantingandmaintainingtrees.Treeshelptoimprovethelooksofhomes,parks,andpublicbuildings.Yet,peoplewholovetreesthemostmaybetheoneswhocausetheminjuries.Ofcourse,theydonotdothisonpurpose.Theyaremostlikelynotawareofthekindsofthingsthatinjuretrees.Therearemanypeoplewhocausetreeinjuries.Youshouldbecomeawareoftheinjuriesandavoidcausingthem.Learnthethingsthatcanhelptokeepyourtreeshealthy.

Healthytreesarebeautiful.Theymakeourworldapleasantplacetolivein.Unhealthytreesarenotasbeautiful.Theymaketheworldlesspleasant.Healthytreeshelptocoolandcleantheair.Theycanevendeadensound.Unhealthytreescannothelporprotecttheenvironment.Trees,likepeople,aredisturbedbychangesaroundthem.Constructionofbuildingsisamajorcauseoftreeinjuries

Accordingtothepassage,only_______treescangiveusshade,beauty,andproducts（）

A.beautifulB.healthyC.oldD.young

48.Thetablealsotellsus______（）

A.thepricesoffoodanddrinks

B.theaddressoftheEatery

C.thenameofthemanager

D.thewayofgettingintouchwiththeEatery

49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE（）

A.HolidayParksofferfacilitiesforshowerforeachcampervan

B.Allholidayparksprovideunitswithensuitefacilities

C.Separatebedroomsarecontainedbysomeunitswithensuitefacilities

D.HolidayParkshaverecreationalfacilitiessuchasplaygrounds

50.Inbungeejumping,you_______（）

A.jumpashighasyoucan

B.slidedownaropetotheground

C.attachyourselftoaropeandfalltowardstheground

D.falltowardsthegroundwithoutarope

51.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat_________（）

A.societyisnotsatisfiedwiththepresentcollegeeducation

B.interferencefromthegovernmentisunwelcome

C.teachersareforcedtodowhattheydon’tliketodo

D.it’samistakeforuniversitiestoteachcoursesofnocommercialuse

52.Passage1

WhatarethebeautiesofHawaii?Let'sstartwithfour.

Thebeach,famousforitswatertemperature,airtemperatureandwaves,isthefirstbeauty.TherearehundredsofmilesofbeachesonthetwentyislandsofHawaii.Theyarethoughttobeamongthefinestbeachesintheworld.

Then,whatdoyouthinkwouldbethesecondbeautifulthing?Itisvolcanoes（火山）,ofcourse.Thesevolcanoesarenotjustapartoftheislands;theymadetheislandsinthefirstplace.Becauseofthemtheislandsarestillgrowing.

WhatwouldbethethirdthingofbeautythatthevisitortoHawaiiwouldnoticefirst?Itprobablywouldn'tbejustonething,butmanythings:allthewonderfulfruitsandflowersoftheislands.Sugarcane,bananasandpineapplesareHawaii'sbiggestexports.SugarcanehasbeengrowinginHawaiiforathousandyears.Asforpineapples,theislandsproducemorethananyotherplacesintheworld,whichhasmadeDoleCompanythebiggestfruit-packingcompanyintheworld.

ThefourthandmostbeautifulthingaboutHawaiiisthepeoplewholivethere.TheHawaiiansneverrush,andperhapsthisisbecausetheycaremoreforhumanlifethantheycareforthemachine.ThereisanoldHawaiianlawthatamancangotosleepinthemiddleoftheroadifhewantsto.WhatmakesthepeopleofHawaiisobeautifulistheirfeelingaboutpeople.Thereare64differentcombinationsofracesontheislands,andtheyallliveinpeace.TheybelieveAboveallnationsishumanity.Thatisthemostbeautifulthingofall

Accordingtothepassage,Hawaiiismadeupof（）

A.oneisland

B.twentyislands

C.sixty-fourislands

D.hundredsofislands

53.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon_____（）

A.personaldecisions

B.statisticalevidence

C.friends’opinions

D.society’slaws

六、作文题(1题)54.Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteashortessayentitledIsFailureaBadThing?Youshouldwriteinabout100wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人认为失败是坏事;

2.有人认为失败是好事;

3.你的看法

参考答案

1.A她错过了火车因为她遇到了交通堵塞。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Abestuckin:困在……之中，陷入……；stickto:坚持，维持；strikein:突然插嘴，干涉；strike不与to搭配。其中stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词，struck是strike的过去式和过去分词。根据句意和搭配可知，选A

2.B去年那次商务会议是在约翰逊的旅馆召开的。

［考点］强调句

【精析】B强调句的基本形式为Itis/was+被强调部分（常为主语、宾语、状语）+that/who+句子其他部分。强调句型为常考点，考生应着重掌握

3.A他有很强的责任感。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Asense：感觉，意识，asenseofduty意为责任感；emotion:情绪，情感；passion:激情；thought：思想，想法。根据句意可知，选A

4.D句意：很多人赞成建造更多的核电站。动词搭配题。动词favor意为赞成，有利于，后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语

5.B

6.C

7.C到今年夏天，伊丽莎白将在这里生活八年了。

［考点］动词时态

【精析】C由时间状语Bythissummer和foreightyears可知，本句应用将来完成时，表示持续到将来某一时间或某动作发生之前的动作。故选C

8.D当与长期分别的家人见面时，他的眼睛里充满了泪水。之前他从未像这样激动过。

［考点］动词时态

【精析】D根据第一句中的were可知，本句陈述的是过去发生的事情，所以第一个空应用动词的过去式。根据句意和before（在……之前）可知，第二句的动作发生在第一句的动作之前，即动作发生在过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时，即谓语动词用had+过去分词的形式。故选D

9.A我们还不知道是否要去公园。

［考点］主语从句

【精析】A分析句子结构可知，本句中缺少主语，只能选择可以作主语的句子或者成分。选项中只有A项可以充当主语从句。although和nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，unless引导条件状语从句。故选A

10.D募集来的钱应该被充分利用来帮助那些在暴风雪中遭受很大痛苦的人。

［考点］非谓语动词

【精析】D分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语。又因为makegooduseof是固定搭配，意为充分利用。故选D

11.CC[注释]本句需要一个引导主语从句的连接性词，该词同时还要能在从句里充当主语。兼具这两方面特点的词只有Cwhat。

12.D这家广告公司最近雇用了一位曾在全国竞赛中获奖的设计师。

［考点］定语从句

【精析】D分析句子结构可知，后面是一个定语从句，修饰先行词designer,且空处在定语从句中作主语，所以应选who来引导，故选D

13.C

14.B彼特和他的朋友们都喜欢听音乐。本题考查主谓一致和固定搭配。当主语是单数，后面跟有aswellas/with/togetherwith/like/but/except等短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。本句主语Peter是单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。listentomusic表示听音乐，hear无此说法。故选B

15.C

16.A在被要求这么做之前,不要把新闻发布给公众。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Arelease:发布,释放;show:显示，展示;announce:宣布;expose:暴露。根据句意可知,选A

17.C救援队又找到了一名幸存者，这个振奋人心的消息让我们感到非常兴奋。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Cexcited用于修饰人，意为感到兴奋的；exciting用于修饰物，意为令人兴奋的。根据句意可知，选C

18.A解析：本题为一个语态和时态语法题。首先要明确本句的时间句为过去时"Whenwearrived..".和主句中的过去时"weretold"，后面的从句动作发生在这个过去时间的过去，所以要用过去完成时(A或B)；而cancel为及物动词，后面却没有宾语，应该判断出其宾语flight位置提前做主语，为被动语态结构，应该选择A。

19.D医生试图通过实验来找出这种药物对老鼠的影响。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Dcause：原因，理由；result：结果；reason：原因；effect：影响。根据句意可知，D为正确答案

20.C不管做什么事情，你都应该全身心地投入。

［考点］状语从句

【精析】C分析句子结构并结合句意可知，应用nomatterwhat来引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever，意为无论什么，不管什么，在从句中作do的宾语。nomatterhow相当于however，意为无论如何，在让步状语从句中常修饰形容词或副词；whenever意为无论何时，在让步状语从句中作时间状语；wherever意为无论在哪里，在让步状语从句中作地点状语。故选C

21.DK根据空后的名词短语15years可知，空处应填介词。符合要求的选项有C、K。句意：15年来，来自伦敦大学学院的专家们一直在调查超过6,700名英国人的生活方式。故选K。

22.HH分析句子结构可知，空处应填引导词，引导一个定语从句，修饰指人的先行词friends。符合要求的选项只有H。句意：学生在上大学时可以学习并交到将持续一生的朋友。故选H。

23.JA.studied（v.学习，研究）B.continuing（v.继续，持续）C.by（prep.通过）D.who（pron.引导定语从句）E.whose（pron.引导定语从句）F.improve（v.改进，改善）G.truth（n.事实，真相）H.ignored（v.忽视，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段时间）L.less（adv.更少，较少）J分析句子结构可知，空后的who引导一个定语从句，空处为其先行词，所以空处应填指人的名词或代词。符合要求的选项只有J。those在此处指代上文中的people，此处表达的是“不去（音乐会、演出和博物馆）的那些人”。故选J。

24.E

25.C

26.D

27.A

28.D

29.A

30.B

31.B

32.A

33.C

34.这个图表使我们能更加清楚地了解当今学生们的课余活动情况

35.搭乘专车前往机场的旅客，务必在下列指定的时间和地点乘车

36.他们非常不愿意推迟或取消这个会议

37.Itwasnotuntil11o’clockthattheheavyfogdisappearedanditdelayeddozensofflights

38.认为外国的商品一定比国内生产的好，这是不公平的

39.Toourdisappointment,hefailedtokeephispromise

40.Howeverbusyheis,healwaysspareshistimetohelpmereviewphysics

41.我们都清楚正常人每天的活动周期是大约7~8个小时睡眠和16~17个小时清醒轮流相互交替，我们也知道，一般来说，睡眠常在夜间进行

42.Thechildtalksasifhewereaman

43.AA每况愈下可译为isgettingworseandworse；more不能修饰比较级，故排除B项。C项意为因为世界人口增长，环境质量每况愈下，这从两个方面影响环境，与题干意思不符，故可排除；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除D项。故选A

44.C[答案]C

[详解]超市之所以播放柔和的音乐是为了顾客买更多的东西第二段第三行

45.B［考点］推理判断题

【精析】B题干大意是：如果你需要输血，对你来说最适合并且最安全的血是_____。根据第三段最后两句However,becausesomanyreactionscanoccurintransfusions,patientsusuallyreceiveonlysaltorplasma（liquid）untiltheirbloodcanbematchedasexactlyaspossibleinthebloodbankofahospital.Inthisway,itispossibletoavoidanybadreactionstothetransfusion.可知，因为在输血过程中可能会发生许多反应，所以病人一般只输盐水或血浆，直到他们的血型可以在医院的血库中完全匹配上，这样，就可能避免对输血的任何不良反应。由此可推知，输完全相同的血型是最好和最安全的。故选B

46.D细节题。题干意为欧盟中会说英语的人占多少？由文章第二段ThestudyalsoprovedthatEnglishwasthemostwidely-spokenforeignlanguagethroughoutEurope,with51%ofEUcitizensabletoholdaconversationinEnglish,including13%forwhomitwastheirmothertongue.可知，