人教版英语八年级下册课件 Unit 3 Section A Grammar Focus-4c

SectionAGrammarFocus-4cTolearntomakepoliterequestsandaskpermissionpolitely.Todevelopyoursummarizingskills.Tolearnnewwords:

pass,borrow,lend,finger,hate,while…ObjectivesA:Mum,couldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?B:Sure,thatshouldbeOK.Warming-upA:CouldIgetsomethingtodrinkwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?B:Sure,youcan.A:CouldIgetsomethingtodrinkwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?B:No,youcan’t,youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.A:Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?B:OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.A:Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?B:Yes,sure.CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?Sure,thatshouldbeOK.Couldwegetsomethingtodrinkafterthemovie?No,youcan’t,youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.GrammarFocusCouldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?Yes,sure.只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情态可实义的need,dare可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto情态动词的用法情态动词的语法特征情态动词不能单独做谓语,除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志,不少情况下,情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can和could：1)can的主要用法：

A.

表示体力或脑力的能力：

e.g.Thegirlcandanceverywell.B.

表示说话的推测﹑事物的可能性等:e.g.Canthenewsbetrue?

C.在口语中,can可以表示请求或允许:e.g.CanIsithere?can表示“能够”时与短语beableto同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而beableto表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeedindoingsth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用was/wereableto，因为could只表示过去具有某种能力。如：CanyouunderstandthedifferentkindsofEnglishthesepeopleareusing?Twoyearslater,hewasabletospeakverygoodChinese.2)could的主要用法：

A.could是can的过去式,表示与过去有关的

能力和推测:e.g.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’t

beadoctor.B.could可以代替can表示请求,但语气较can

客气、委婉:e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?CouldIuseyourbike?3)can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中，表示不相信、怀疑等态度。e.g.Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon.以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.

could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合。e.g.Canyoutellusyourstory,Tony？

托尼，你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？could与can的区别

could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。比如：—CouldyoutellusifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?—Sure.—请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?—当然可以。注意：1.提出委婉的请求在回答中不可用could。A:CouldIhavethetelevisionon?B:Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.2.在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑用couldn’t。

Hecouldn’tbeabadman.

他不大可能是坏人。may和might表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。

MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome.注意:might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能

性比may小。haveto和must1.两词都是“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观需做此事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2.haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.3.在否定结构中:don’thaveto表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止”。Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.

你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit.

你一定不要把这件事告诉他。WriteRforrequestsandPforpermissions.Thenmatcheachonewiththecorrectresponse.____CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?2.____Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?3.____CouldIborrowthatbook?4.____Couldyouhelpmedothedishes?5.____Couldyoulendmesomemoney?PRPRR4aYes,hereyouare.Hmm.Howmuchdoyouneed?Yes,sure.Noproblem.Ifinishedreadingitlastnight.d.Yes,butdon’tcomebacktoolate.e.No,Ican’tIcutmyfingerandI’mtryingnottogetitwet.1—d2—a3—c4—e5—bFillintheblanksintheconversation.A:Ihateto______chores.B:Well,Ihatesomechorestoo,butIlikeotherchores.A:Really?Great!________Iaskyouto____mewithsomechoresthen?B:Whatdoyouneedhelpwith? A:______youplease_____myclothesforme?B:Idon’twanttodothat!It’sboring!CoulddohelpCouldfold4bA:OK.Then______you________dothedishesforme?B:Sure,noproblem.But_______wegotothemoviesafterthat?A:Sure,I’llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.Thenwecangotothemovies.couldpleasecouldMakealistofthingsyourgroupneedstodoforacampingtrip.Thendiscusswhowilldothemandcompletethechart.A:CouldyoupleasebringLiuChang?B:Sure.Andcouldyouplease…?C:Sorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto…4cTo—dolistNameBringatentLiuChangPairworkⅠ.用情态动词can/could,can’t,may,must,mustn’t,needn’t填空。1.—_______youcomeandplaywithusnow?

—I’mafraidI_____.I_____dothecooking.I____comelater.2.—_______wecleanthewindowstoday?

—No,you_______.You____cleanthemtomorrow.

Couldcan’tmustcanMustneedn’tcanExercises3.—____IwatchTVthisevening,mum?

—No,you_______.Work_____comefirst.4.—____Icomein,please?

—Yes,please.5.Excuseme.____youtellmethewaytothecinema?Maymustn’tmustCanCanA:Couldyouhelpme,please?B:___________!A:Iwantto________theseboxestomyhomeLet’s______theboxes_____thecarnow.B:_______right.A:Oh,thebox___heavy.Canyoucarryit?B:Yes,I______.A:_______you_____ittomyroom?B:Certainly.CertainlytakeputinAlliscanCouldtakeⅡ.完成对话。—CanI____RobinsonCrusoe,MrsZhao?—Sure,it’sveryinteresting,butyoucanonly____itfortwoweeks．A