高中英语句子成分及练习课件

句法概要

执教者：李郁芸句子的分类1、陈述句—肯定句（正常语序和倒装语序）、否定句2、祈使句Becareful./Don’tdoit./Noparking.3、疑问句---一般、特殊、选择、反意4、感叹句Whata/an+adj+n(单)（+主谓）What+adj+n(复)/un（+主谓）How+adj/adv（+主谓）句子的结构1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句4、并列复合句简单句结构1、S+ViIarrived.2、S+V+OIlikeyou.3、S+V+PIfeelhappy.4、S+V+Oi+OdIgavehimabook.5、S+V+O+CThenewsmademehappy.并列句简单句+并列连词+简单句并列连词(对等连词)：and,or,but,yet,however,neither,norfor,so,thus,thereforewhen,whilenotonly—butalso,neither—nor,either--or1.Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball.2.Youcanstayhere,oryoucanleave.3.Tellme,or/orelse/otherwiseyou’llhavetosuffer.4.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnobodylikesapersonwithbadmanners.5.Shetriedherbest;shefailed,however.6.Imustbeoffnow,formysisterisexpectingme.7.Iworkedhard,so/thusIcouldpassallthesubjects.8.Englishpeoplelikebeef,sodowe.9.Englishpeopledon’tlikepork,neither/nordowe.10.NeitherdoIknowhisaddress,nordomyparents.11.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjobwhile(既然)youhavesuchagoodone?12.Youcan’twalkaboutalldaywhenyou（既然）havegotalotofworktodo.13.Iwasabouttoleavewhen（就在这时）itbegantorain.14.Shenotonlysingswellbutalsodanceswell.15.Youcaneitherstayhereorleavenow.复合句

由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子主句是主干部分，从句是修饰主句或主句的某个成分。从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语①Whathesaidmademedisappointed.②Ibelievethathewillsucceed.③WhatIbelievedisthathewouldcomesoonerorlater.④Hetoldmethenewsthatthewarbrokeout.

HetoldmethenewsthatIhadknown.⑤LastweekIvisitedthevillagewhichissurroundedbygreentrees.⑥Hewaslateforworkbecausehewastrappedinatrafficjam.一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。二、主语：主语(Subject)1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等7种表示。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（三）谓语

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。（四）表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,e,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等10种情况表示。例如：1.OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有e,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.例如：

Ourcountryisingricherandricher.

6）结果是;证明是prove,turnout,例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:

make,buy,sing,cook等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语

宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语充当。例如：1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（七）定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)（八）状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）4.Hesatintheroom,makingamodelplane.5.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（状语从句）9种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）

（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogether

earlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistoeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmsthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.11.AnywayIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.12.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

13.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?14.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.15.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.16.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired

17.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.18.

Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

19.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.20.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky

21.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.22.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.23.ItwasinthelibrarythatIfoundhimtoday.24.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.25.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.答案

1.主语从句2谓语3表语从句4宾语

5.间宾6.宾语从句7.定语8.定语从句

9.定语10.定语11.状语12.定语

13.宾语14.状语15.状语16.表语

17.状语18.宾补19.状语20.定语

21.宾语从句22.主语从句23.状语

24.状语25.状语四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()1