2023年上海市静安区高三上学期高考一模英语试卷含详解与听力音频

高三英语练习卷

考生注意：

1.练习时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本练习设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写

（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwo

speakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhat

wassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

I.A.Theparcelwasputsomewherearoundthestreetcorner.

B.Sheseldomreceivesparcels.

C.Theparceldoesn'tbelongtoher.

D.Shemadeamistakebybuyingawrongparcel.

2.A.Thesteakhouseisperfectforeveryone.

B.Thefoodinthesteakhouseisnotsatisfactory.

C.Thewomanhasbeentothesteakhousetwice.

D.Thefoodinthesteakhouseistooexpensive.

3.A.Themanhasastomachdisease.

B.Inappropriateeatinghabithasmadethemanuncomfortable.

C.Themanshouldeatnothingfordinner.

D.Themanshouldhaveathoroughbodycheck.

4.A.Shedidn'tsleepwellthismorning.B.Hersondidn'tcatchtheschoolbus.

C.Shedrivestheschoolbus.D.Sheisalwayslateforwork.

5.A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandheadmaster.

C.Gardenerandemployer.D.Waiterandcustomer.

6.A.ShecanmemorizeMr.Cannes'sphonenumber.

B.ShebarelyknowsMr.Cannes.

C.Mr.Cannesisbeyondreachrightnow.

D.ShewilltryvariouswaystogettouchwithMr.Cannes.

7.A.Shedoesn'thearthenoise.

B.Thenoiseiscausedbyaneighbour'shousedecoration.

C.TheyshouldthankMr.Jamesforthenotification.

D.Thereisafightonthe11thfloorofthebuilding.

8.A.Somerestaurantsdon'trequesttips.

B.Theservicethey'vegotisn'tworththetiptherestaurantrequests.

C.Theyhaverefusedtopaythetip.

D.Thefoodoftherestaurantisexpensive.

9.A.Theirgasbillisroughlysteadyeverymonth.

B.Thismonth'sgasbillhasn'tarrivedyet.

C.Thenumberonthegasbilliswrong.

D.Thegasbillwillgetevenhigherinwinter.

10.A.Hernecklaceisnotexpensiveatall.

B.Someonewillreturnthenecklacesometimelater.

C.Callingthepoliceisnotagoodidea.

D.Shehasgiventhenecklacetotheman.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.

Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.The

passagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ILA.Becausetheywantedtoproducecheapcoffee.

B.Becausetheycouldn'tbearthetasteofordinarycoffee.

C.Becausetheydidn'twantcoffeetodamagetheirteeth.

D.Becausetheywantedtohavecoffeewithstrongerflavor.

12.A.Byonlyusingcoffeebeansandwater.B.Byavoidingartificialflavorsandsugar.

C.Byphysicalprocessing.D.Byaddingsomematerials.

13.A.Becausedrinkers9reviewsvary.B.Becauseit'sonlyavailableintheU.K.

C.Becauseitisexpensive.D.Becausetherearetoomanyonlineorders.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Itsolvedallpsychologicalproblems.

B.Itlackedattentiononwhatwasgoodaboutlife.

C.Itignoredresearchintotreatingmentalillnesses.

D.Itwasdevelopingtooslowly.

15.A.Itwasconfusedwithpositivethinking.B.It'sstillnotascienceyet.

C.Itignoresindividualdiversity.D.Itdoesn'tpresentenoughfindings.

16.A.Theoriginandfactsofpositivepsychology.

B.Theadvantagesofpositivepsychology.

C.People'sopinionsaboutpositivepsychology.

D.Thespecialcasesinpositivepsychology.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Datingbackto6000yearsago.B.FeaturingGreekandRomancivilization.

C.Focusingonthelightoftheoldtime.D.Displayinggardensofdifferenttimes.

18.A.Chargetoomuchforadmission.B.Notpayenoughattentiontomodernart.

C.Exhibitartworksofpoorquality.D.Dealwithcriticismsbadly.

19.A.AvoidtakingkidstotheMet.

B.Bookatourguideservice.

C.Visitthegalleriesneartotheentrance.

D.Selectinterestinggalleriesonlineinadvance.

20.A.Allthepeoplepay25dollars.B.Localpeoplecandecidehowmuchtopay.

C.Foreignvisitorscanpayzero.D.Studentsmustpayhalfprice.

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Inabidtocontrolthenation'sgrowingproblemwithfoodwastage,theSouthKorean

governmenthasstartedauniqueinitiative-"PayasYouTrash^^.Asofnow,theSouthKorean

governmenthasthreemethods]placetochargecitizensforthefoodthrownaway.One

isthroughaRFIcard.Whenuserstapthiscardoveraspeciallydesignedfoodwastebin,thelid(盖

子)willopen,allowingthemtodumptheirwaste.Thewaste2(weigh)automaticallyand

abillisrecordedintheuser'saccountwhichtheuserneedstosettleonamonthlybasis.EachRFI

bincosts$1,500and3serve60households.

Thesecondbillingmethodisthroughpre-paidgarbagebags.Thesespeciallydesignedbags

arepricedbasedonvolume.There'salsoanelectronicmanagementsystem,4residents

putfoodwastedirectlyintothebinandpayforitbypurchasingaspecialtag5(attach)to

thebin.

EveryhouseholdinSouthKoreaissubjecttooneofthesepaymentsystems.6the

newpaymentmethodaffectsyoudependstotallyonhowmuchfoodyouthrowaway.Whatever

systemyouuse,youaresuretofeelthepainoffoodwaste.Themorefoodyouthrowout,themore

youendup7(pay).

Andit'sworking.ResidentslikeSeoulhousewifeMs.Kwanhavefounditnecessarytoadopt

innovativemethodstoavoidfoodwaste.Shepicks8wetoutofleftoverfoodbefore

throwingitaway.Shealsoseparatesfreshproduceandotherfooditemsinto9(small)

portionssothatonlytherequiredamountisuseduppermeal.10thefeescanbereduced,

I'mwillingtoadoptanyinnovativemethodtoavoidfoodwaste,“shesaid.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.favorB.containedC.unseasonableD.consistencyE.shifts

F.upsetG.contradictoryH.airI.tornJ.looselyK.stretched

Thepartymayactuallybethelaststrongholdofthedresscode,atraditionthatisincreasingly

fallingoutof11everywhere,fromtheworkplacetotheschool.Asthepowerofchoice

12awayfromtheinstitutionandtowardtheindividual,theideaofanyestablishment

decidingwhatisandisnotappropriatedress,whendressissodeeplymixedwithpersonalidentity,

seemsincreasingly13.

Sowhydosomanyhoststhinkadresscodeisagoodidea?

Ontheonehand,itdoeshelpreduceguests'confusionandinsecurityaboutwhattoweartoa

specialevent.Anditcanhelpgiveapartyafestive14.There'ssomethingveryfunabout

fancydressesofatheme.Also,iftherearephotosinvolved,acertain/5indresscan

createaclearvisualeffectforthephotos.

Ontheotherhand,ifthedresscodeistoounspecific,itonlyaddstothegeneralwhat-to-wear

confusion,with"dresstoimpress“beingacaseinpoint.Sometimesitinvolvesdressesthatseem

16toanindividuafssenseofstyle.Eitherway,youwillfeel17between

pleasingyourhostandpleasingyourself.

WhenIaskedthedesignerUllaJohnsonabouttheissue,sheadmittedthatshedemandeda

dresscodeatherwedding:everyoneinwhite.Butshealsosaidshewasn't18atallwhen

someguestsaskedtobeanexceptiontotherule.

“Atthispoint,Iwouldsaydresscodescanbe19interpreted,shesaid."Puttingon

somethingyoudon'tlovebecauseitobeysacodeshouldbeoffthetable.^^

Inotherwords,apartydresscodeisnotthesameasaschooluniform.Itcanbe20

tofiteachindividual.HoneyDijon,theDJ.andmusician,likewisebelievesthatopen

interpretationsofdresscodesaregenerallyexpected,thoughshehasherownsolutiontothedress

codeissue.

“Choosesomethingthatisrelatedtothetheme,suchasashoeorabagJshesaid."Thatway,

thehostissatisfiedandyoustillfeelconfident.”

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsor

phrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethat

bestfitsthecontext.

AccordingtoaGallupWorldPoll,1.1billionpeoplewanttomovetemporarilytoanother

countryinthehopeoffindingmoreprofitablejobs.Anadditional630millionpeoplewouldliketo

moveabroadpermanently.

Theglobaldesiretoleavehomearisesfrompovertyandnecessity,butitalsogrowsoutofa

beliefthatsuchmobilityispossible.Peoplewhoholdfasttothisuniversal21assumethat

individualscanandshouldbefeelathomeanywhereintheworldandthattheyneednotbe

22toanyparticularplace.Thisviewwasonceregardedasanegativeproductofthe

industrializationbutisnowacceptedascentraltoa(n)23economy.

Itleadstoopportunityandprofits,butitalsohashigh24costs.Accordingtoalong

researchintotheemotionsandexperiencesofimmigrants(移民)andmigrants,manypeoplewho

leavehomeinsearchofbetterprospectscan'tavoidfeeling25althoughfewspeakopenly

ofthesubstantialpainofleavinghome.

SuchtoleranceofemotionalsufferingbecamecommonamongmobileAmericansinthe20th

century,andrepresenteda(n)26fromthepast.Inthe19thcentury,Americansofall

groups,pioneers,soldiersandthemillionsofimmigrantswhostreamedintothenation,loudly

complainedthatmovingwasemotionally27.Medicaljournalsexploredthecondition,

oftenreferringtoitbyitsclinicalname:nostalgia(思乡).

Today,discussionsofnostalgiaarerare,fortheemotionistypicallyregardedbyindividualsas

anembarrassingblocktoprogressandprosperity.The28makesmobilityappear

misleadinglyeasy.

Technologyalsotricksusintothinkingthatmobilityis29.Thecomfortingvisionof

30offeredbytechnologymakesmovingseemlessconsequential,since“oneisalways

justamouseclickoraphonecallaway”.

Butsuchaclaimwas31optimistic,forhomesicknesscontinuedtohurtmanywho

migrated.The32thatphonecallsandtheInternetprovidemeansthatthoseawayfrom

homecanknowexactlywhattheyaremissingtheexactmomentandhowitishappening.Itgives

theimpressionthatonecanbeintwoplacesatoncebutitalsohighlightsthe33ofthat

assumption.

Thepersistenceofhomesicknesspointstothelimitationsoftheuniversalphilosophythat

strengthenssomuchofourmarketandsociety.Theideathatwecanandshouldfeelathomeany

placeontheglobeisbasedonaworldviewthatcelebratestheindependent,mobileindividualand

takesitforgrantedthatmenandwomenareeasilyseparatedfromfamily,fromhomeandfromthe

past.Butthisviewisn't34ouremotions,forourattachmenttohome,althoughoften

35.isstrongandenduring.

21.A.subjectB.wealthC.visionD.

exchange

22.A.transferredB.tiedC.reducedD.bridged

23.A.globalizedB.intenseC.exportingD.

degrading

24.A.transportingB.domesticC.psychologicalD.

administrative

25.A.displacedB.suspectedC.abusedD.

monitored

26.A.guidanceB.emergencyC.departureD.

justification

27.A.misleadingB.wearingC.resistingD.

facilitating

28.A.silenceB.restrictionC.obstacleD.emotion

29.A.temporaryB.traditionalC.painlessD.formal

30.A.priorityB.alertC.connectionD.privacy

31.A.overlyB.ultimatelyC.criticallyD.

narrowly

32.A.advancementB.sufferingC.immediacyD.variety

33.A.impossibilityB.diversityC.distractionD.scale

34.A.inlinewithB.inadditiontoC.inhonorofD.inneed

of

35.A.distributedB.underestimatedC.illustratedD.

identified

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedby

severalquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtothe

informationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

IstillhadafewminutessoIswungintothecafeteriatograbacoffee.That'swhenIspotted

him:athreatening-lookingpunkrockerwithbikerleathersandblackleatherboots.

Honestly,hislookscaredme,soIquicklywentouttryingtoavoidapotentialencounter.

Itwas1988,andIwasa“mature“journalismstudent,headingtomyfavoriteelective:

Sociology-StudyofDeviance.Ourgray-hairedprofessorwasastraightshooter.Heusuallybrought

inguestspeakerswhorepresented“deviance".Ourguestspeakersincludedanoutlandishdancer,a

tarot-cardreaderorevenanalcoholaddict.AndwhenIwascuriousthatdaytoseewhothissession's

speakerwas,"Mr.punkrocker“walkedin.

Hestartedtotalkinasoftvoiceandtoldushewasauniversitystudent,wholivedwithhis

grandmawhoneededhelpineveryaspect.Therefore,hemovedinwithherandhelpedwiththe

cookingandshopping,cleaningandlaundry.Hemadesureshetookhermedsandtriedtomakeher

laughatleastonceaday.Hedescribeditasa“win-win"forbothofthem,butIsuspectedthatitwas

alottougherthanhemadeitsound.

Andthenhesaid:"Ijustfigureifsnormalforyoutofeelnegativeaboutmebecauseofthe

wayIlook.Butisn'tthatthereasonfortheexistenceofsuchacoursenamedStudyofDeviance?^^

Wow.Justwow.

“It'shairandclothing,“hesaid."Idon'tplantolookthiswayforever,butfornowIlikeit,and

doyouthinkitmakesmedeviant?^^

Everysooften,Ithinkaboutthatyoungman.He'dbeaboutfiftynowandcouldn'trealizehow

heinfluencedme.Becauseofhisvisitthatday,mykidswereallowedtowearwhatevertheywanted,

aslongasitwasrelativelycleanandnotmorallyabusive.Theyareuprightandkindkidsalthough

theysometimessurpriseuswithredhairorstrangetrousers.AndIamalsohappythatIdomy

selectiveofSociology-StudyofDeviancewell.

36.Theunderlinedworddevianceinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.

A.dressing.B.styleC.abnormalityD.maturity

37.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheguestspeakerisTRUE?

A.Hewasdressedinafrighteningwayonpurposeinordertosurprisethestudents.

B.Herecognizedtheauthorandtriedtotutorherduringthesession.

C.Hewasn'tawarethatmanypeoplemisjudgedhim.

D.Hisbehaviorsdidn'tmatchtheappearancehepresented.

38.Whydoestheauthorthinkshedoesthecoursewell?

A.Becauseshehaslearnedtoenjoyvariedfashionstyles.

B.Becauseshedidn'tmissanyofthecoursesessions.

C.Becausesheknowsappearancedoesn'tequalone'squality.

D.Becausesheunderstandshowtoeducateherkids.

（B）

Theworldhoststhousandsofexceptionalchocolatierssomeofwhichourmagazineisto

presenttoyou.Andrememberthatbesidesordinaryfactslikeexpiration（过期）dateormanufacture

place,labelsbearessentialinformation.Ifsugarislistedasthemainingredient（原料）onthelabel,

quicklyputitdownandfindabarinwhichcocoashines.

PaulYoung,London,England

Award-winningmasterchocolatierPaulYoungdeservesthecreditshereceivesforhis

creativityandmasterywithchocolates.Walkintohisshopandexperiencethescentoffresh

chocolates.YoungisoneofthefigureswholaunchedthechocolatereforminLondon,castingaside

thesweetBritishchocolateoftheoldfortheinnovativedarkchocolateofferings.Tryhisdark

chocolatebarstobecomeafirmchocolatelover.

ThreelocationsinLondon.

QueBo!,MexicoCity,Mexico

TraditionalMexicanflavorscomealiveinQueBo!QueBo!usesonlyorganicingredients

sourcedfromlocalproducers.Coloredtruffles（松露）matchtheirstaringredients,suchasorange,

mangoorsalt.Amajorattractionisitsopenaircourtyardshops.

FivelocationsinMexicoCity.

SOMAChocolatemaker,Canada

TheseTorontochocolateexpertspresentpurechocolatebarsmadewithbeansfromaroundthe

world.Thefirtruffles,symbolicoftheCanadianpines,combinefruitycocoaandnaturaloilsfrom

thefirtreestogivetheexperienceofeatingchocolateinapineforest.SOMAalsohighlightstheir

expertise（专长）ingoodslikewhiskeyandicecream,whichservesasitsmajorsellingpoint

providingcustomerswithotherchoicesbesideschocolates.

TwostoresandalabindowntownToronto.

Spriingli,Zurich,Switzerland

Withcolorfuldisplaysofchocolatetrufflesandsweets,Spriinglioffersthetraditionalhighend

Swisschocolateexperience.Thisluxurychocolateshopfirstopeneditsdoorsin1836,thefirstin

Europeaccordingtosome.Today,Sprung!iisacclaimedforthechanceitofferscustomerstoenjoy

coffeeandcakeinitssecond-floorcafe,makingtheshopacomplexofflavortreat.

NumerouslocationsinZurich.

SpagNVola,UnitedStates

SpagNVblahusband-and-wifeownersoverseeentirechocolateprocessfromfarmtostore,

makingtheshopstandout.Firsttheygrowcacaoattheirfarm.Thecacaoishandpicked,roasted

andrefinedintheirMarylandfactorybeforethefinalproductsareshownonitsshopshelves.Take

thefreetourtoitskitchenandexperiencetheshop'smagic.Their70percentchocolatebars

representthetruequalityofgoodchocolate.

ThreeoutletsinU.S.

39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youngfollowedtheoldsweetchocolatefashionandcreatedthenewfbcusondarkchocolate.

B.QueBo!isfamousforitsexcellentindooratmosphere.

CSoma'smainattractionisthatitoffersitemsotherthanchocolates.

D.Spriinglisupplieschocolatestovariouscafesinthecountry.

40.Whatdoallthesechocolateshopshaveincommon?

A.Initiatingthenewchocolatetrend.

B.Combiningfreshingredientswithcocoa.

C.Enjoyingalonghistory.

D.Havingmorethanoneshopinitscountry.

41.SpagNVblaexcelsamongitspeersbecause.

A.itisrunbyacouple

B.itcontrolsthewholeproductionprocess

C.customerscanvisittheshopfreeofcharge

D.itonlysells70percentpurechocolatebars

42.Whydocustomersneedtopayattentiontochocolatelabels?

A.Becauseonlychocolatesfromthementionedshopsarehighquality.

B.Becauseingredientlistshouldbecheckedtoguaranteethequalityofthechocolate.

C.Becausethepricewillbelistedonthelabel.

D.Becausetheexpirationdateissometimesmissing.

(C)

AsChristmasapproached,thepriceofturkeywentwild.Itdidn'trocket,assomemightsuggest.

Nordiditcrash.Iljuststartedwaving.Weliveintheageofthevariableprices.Intheeyesofsellers,

therightprice——theonethatwilldrawthemostprofitfromconsumers?wallets―hasbecomethe

focusofhugeexperiments.Thesesortsofpriceexperimentshavebecomearoutinepartoffinding

thatrightprice.

Itmaycomeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefully

designedsocial-scienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlinecomparisonshoppinghasbrought.

Simplyput,theconveniencetoknowthepriceofanything,anytime,anywhere,hasgivenus,the

consumers,somuchpowerthatsellers—inadesperateefforttoregaintheupperhand,oratleast

avoidextinction-arenowstaringbackthroughthescreen.Theyaretryingto"comparison

shopping”us.

Theyhaveenoughmeanstodoso:thehugedatatracksyouleavebehindwheneveryouplace

somethinginyouronlineshoppingcartwithtopdatascientistscapableofturningtheinformation

intousefulpricestrategies,andwhatonetecheconomistcalls“theabilitytoexperimentonascale

thafsunimaginableinthehistoryofeconomics.^^

Inresult,notcoincidentally,normalpricingpractices-anadvertiseddiscountoffthe"list

price,twoforthepriceofone,orsimply"everydaylowprices^^aregivingwaytofarmorecrazy

strategies.

“IntheInternetera,Idon'tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowcomplicatedthesestrategies

havebecome,“saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.Thepriceofacanofsodainavending

machinecannowvarywiththetemperatureoutside.Thepriceoftheheadphonesmaydependon

howbudget-consciousyourwebhistoryshowsyoutobe.Thepricemayevenbeaffectedbythe

priceofthemobilephoneyouuseforitemsearch.Forshoppers,thatmeansprice——nottheone

offeredtoyourightnow,buttheoneofferedtoyou20minutesfromnow,ortheoneofferedtome,

ortoyourneighbor-maybecomeanincreasinglyunknowablething."Thereusedtobeoneprice

fbrsomething,Dolannotes.Nowthetruepriceofpumpkin-piespiceissubjecttoalevelof

uncertainty.

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Whenholidayscome,pricesareusuallyincreased.

B.Therightpricetosellersistheonetobringbiggestprofits.

C.Therightpriceisfixedalthoughit'shardtofindit.

D.Tobuyapie,customershavetobecomeanexpertineconomy.

44.Sellersstarebackthroughthescreeninorderto.

A.reflectontheeffectoftheInternet

Banalyzecustomers9onlinebuyinghistoryforpricestrategy

C.doublechecktheexistenceofthepurchase

D.findoutonlinewherethelowestpricesare

45.InInternetage,whatelementisNOTlikelytoaffectthepriceofanitem?

A.Theinstantmoodofthebuyeratthetimeofpurchase.

B.Thenecessityleveloftheitematthetimeofpurchase.

C.Theextenttowhichthebuyerissensitivetotheprice.

D.Thepriceofthefacilitythebuyerusestolookfbrtheitem.

46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theadvantagesofonlineshoppingovertraditionalshopping.

B.Measuressellerstaketomaximizeprofits.

C.Theanalysisofpricingmechanism.

D.ThebattlebetweenbuyersandsellersinInternetage.

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentence

giveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwo

moresentencesthanyouneed.

Recently,there'sbeenalotoftalkinU.S.aboutthe"dataproblem.^^Itoughttogivethe

44datadriven^^schoolrefbnnerspausetoreconsider.Maybewearejustcreatingabubblethattoowill

burstifwecontinuetobaseouractionsonthebeliefthatonlyscoresonstandardizedinstruments

areevidenceofsuccess.47Margo,afamouscommenter,statesthatatleasttestsaremore

ttreliable^^thanprofessionaljudgment.Howcanshetell?Wewantanationofcitizenswhoareless

readytothinkthatthe“truth“canonlybecapturedinoneoffouranswers—a,b,c,ord.48

Buthowcanthegeneraltrendguaranteethereliabilityofthescoreofoneparticulartest-taker?

Someeducatordarestoreplacethesetestswithprofessionalhumanjudgments,whichmuststillrest

onanumericalrankorderbasedona,b,candd.Thebigproblemisthatthereisoftennotechnical

assuranceforthereliabilityofsuchexams.Nowondermanybig-namepsychologistsavoidthem.

All“reliability“tellsusisthatthestudentwouldgetasimilarscoreonasimilartestifgivenat

anothertimeorplace.Butallscoresonoldornewtestshavemeasurementerrors.LikeWallStreet's

numbers,wehavenoindependentbasisforrelyingonthesescores.Likewise,validityisintheeye

ofacertainstandardofjudgments.Howridiculousitistosayforsurethatthesejudgmentsare

justified!

Whensomeparentstoldmethattheirchildrenseemedtoreadwell,butscoredpoorly,they

oftenbelievedtheindirectevidence,testscore,andnotthedirectevidence,listeningtotheirchildren

read.Someparentshadbeentrainedtodistrustjudgmentandrelyon"realevidence^^.Myown8-

year-oldsonalsousedto"fhil"a3rdgradereadingtesteventhoughI"knew”hecouldreadfluently.

49

Weneedschoolsthat"train“ourjudgment,whichhelpusbecomeadultswhoareinthehabit

ofbringingjudgmenttobearoncomplexphenomenon.50Italsoinvolvesacknowledging

thatevenexpertsmustlivewithasubstantialdegreeofuncertainty.Onlyinthisway,canwe,to

someextent,relyontheresultsoftheschooleducationintheU.S.

A.Eventhetechnicalmeaningof“goodtests“isopentoquestion.

B.It'swhenIbecameatestdoubter.

C.Differentgroupsofpeoplefitdifferenttestpatterns.

D.Onallachievementtests,we'repromisedbeforehandapopulationthatfitsanormalcurve(曲

线).

E.Thisincludesjudgingwhichexpertiseto"trust“anddefendingsuchchoices.

F.Timespentonstandardizedtestsis,inmanycases,equaltothatonstudy.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Themusicinyou

Anypartygoercantapherheeltoanunfamiliarsongwithoutrealizingit.Yetwhenaskedon

siteshemightreply:"Music?Idon'tknowanythingaboutthat.^^

Maybeyou'veheardavariationonthistheme:"Idon'thaveamusicalboneinmybody.^^Most

ofusmakemusicpubliclyjustafewtimesayear,whenit'