大学英语四级试题

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大学英语四级试题2014年大学英语四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.B)Inthewaitingroom.C)Attheairport.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1. A)Thewomanisaclosefriendoftheman.B)Thewomanhasbeenworkingtoohard.C)Thewomanisseeingadoctor.D)Thewomanistiredofherwork.2. A)Thisapplepietastesverygood.B)Hismotherlikesthepieverymuch.C)Thispiecan’tmatchhismother’s.D)Hismothercan’tmakeapplepies.3. A)Takeawalk.B)Giveaperformance.C)Listentothemusic.D)Dancetothemusic.4. A)Readanarticleonpoliticalscience.B)Presentadifferenttheorytotheclass.C)Readmorethanonearticle.D)Chooseabetterarticletoread.5. A)ThewomanwouldunderstandifshedidMary’sjob.B)ThewomanshoulddothetypingforMary.C)ThewomanshouldworkashardasMary.D)Thewomanisn’taskillfultypist.6. A)HewantstomakeanappointmentwithMr.Smith.B)HewantstomakesurethatMr.Smithwillseehim.C)Hewantstochangethetimeoftheappointment.D)Hewantsthewomantomeethimatthreeo’clock.7. A)Hegetsnervousveryeasily.B)Heisaninexperiencedspeaker.C)Heisanawfulspeaker.D)Hehasn’tpreparedhisspeechwell.8. A)Shedidn’tlikethebooksthemanbought.B)Therewasn’talargeselectionatthebookstore.C)Themanboughtalotofbooks.D)Shewantedtoseewhatthemanbought.9. A)Buyaticketforthetemo’clockflight.B)Askthemantochangetheticketforher.C)Gototheairportimmediately.D)Switchtoadifferentflight.10. A)Dr.Lemoniswaitingforapatient.B)Dr.Lemonisbusyatthemoment.C)Dr.Lemonhaslosthispatience.D)Dr.Lemonhasgoneouttovisitapatient.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Acaroutsidethesupermarket.B)Acaratthebottomofthehill.C)Paul’scar.D)Thesportscar.12. A)Insidethecar.B)Atthefootofthehill.C)Inthegarage.D)Inthesupermarket.13. A)Thedriverofthesportscar.B)Thetwogirlsinsidethecar.C)Themanstandingnearby.D)ThesalesmanfromLondon.14. A)Nobody.B)Thetwogirls.C)Thebusdriver.D)Paul.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15. A)Hisfriendgavehimthewrongkey.B)Hedidn’tknowwherethebackdoorwas.C)Hecouldn’tfindthekeytohismailbox.D)Itwastoodarktoputthekeyinthelock.16. A)Itwasgettingdark.B)Hewasafraidofbeingblamedbyhisfriend.C)Thebirdsmighthaveflownaway.D)Hisfriendwouldarriveanytime.17. A)Helookedsillywithonlyoneleginsidethewindow.B)Heknewthepolicemanwouldn’tbelievehim.C)Thetorchlightmadehimlookveryfoolish.D)Herealizedthathehadmadeamistake.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18. A)Thethreatofpoisonousdesertanimalsandplants.B)Theexhaustionofenergyresources.C)Thedestructionofoilwells.D)Thespreadoftheblackpowderfromthefires.19. A)Theundergroundoilresourceshavenotbeenaffected.B)Mostofthedesertanimalsandplantshavemanagedtosurvive.C)Theoillakessoondriedupandstoppedevaporating.D)Theundergroundwaterresourceshavenotbeenpolluted.20. A)Torestorethenormalproductionoftheoilwells.B)Toestimatethelossescausedbythefires.C)Toremovetheoilleftinthedesert.D)Tousetheoilleftintheoillakes.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions: Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon’tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.Buy$50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we’llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldn’tbecheap.Isitworthit?Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskre:1)Howlikelytheeventis;and2)Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrare—butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld.“Ifwedon’ttakecareofthesebigasteroids,they’lltakecareofus,”saysonescientist.“It’sthatsimple.”Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?“Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday(毁灭性的)rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,”saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.21. Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?A)Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.B)Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.C)Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.D)Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.22. WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?A)Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.B)Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.C)CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.D)It’sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.23. Whatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecoursesofasteroids?A)Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.B)Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.C)ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.D)Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.24. Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A)whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworldB)asteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfutureC)theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetimeD)workablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth25. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthispassage?A)Optimistic.B)Critical.C)Objective.D)Arbitrary.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.26. Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A)anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB)anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC)anewapproachtotrainingdriversD)anewtypeofopticalillusion27. Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________.A)theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB)theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC)theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD)theyareapproachingthespeedlimit28. Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A)cankeepdriversawakeB)cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC)willhavealongereffectondriversD)willlookmoreattractive29. TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A)tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB)changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC)replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevronsD)repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns30. Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?A)TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.B)Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.C)Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.D)Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.]Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.31. What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.B)TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.32. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat________.A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportationB)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationC)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeD)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience33. Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized________.A)thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrainsB)thepracticalaspectsoftraintravelC)theadventurousaspectsoftraintripsD)thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips34. Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause________.A)theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencesB)theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramsC)theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percentD)mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences35. Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause________.A)theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertisedB)itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceC)itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsD)itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattlePassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydoescramgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules(小球体)ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture,”hesays.Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartments(隔仓室)burieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients(养料).Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthebacteriagrowing,”saysBrocklehurst.Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.36. ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat________.A)itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservativesB)itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutterC)itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutterD)itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition37. Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfastthanbutterbecausebacteria________.A)aremoreevenlydistributedincreamB)multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutterC)liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutterD)producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter38. AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby________.A)removingitsfatB)killingthebacteriaC)reducingitswatercontentD)alteringitsstructure39. Theword“colonies”(Line2,Para.4)refersto________.A)tinyglobulesB)wateryregionsC)bacteriacommunitiesD)littlecompartments40. Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack________.A)byvaryingitschemicalcompositionB)byturningitintoasolidlumpC)whilekeepingitsstructureunchangedD)whileretainingitsliquidformPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions: Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41. Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe________toolong.A)hasbeenreadingB)hadreadC)isreadingD)read42. NiagaraFallsisagreattourist________,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A)attentionB)attractionC)appointmentD)arrangement43. Idon’tmind________thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A)youtodelaymakingB)yourdelayingmakingC)yourdelayingtomakeD)youdelaytomake44. Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires________widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.A)alterB)shiftC)transferD)vary45. CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit________inCuba.A)beingcultivatedB)beencultivatedC)havingcultivatedD)cultivating46. Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience________onbenches,chairsorboxes.A)havingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated47. Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen________comfortably.A)iswornB)wearsC)wearingD)areworn48. Somediseasesare________bycertainwateranimals.A)transplantedB)transformedC)transportedD)transmitted49. Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild________tobedearly?A)goB)wentC)wouldgoD)goes50. AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders________willhappentoherprivatelife.A)thatB)whatC)itD)this51. Thewordsofhisoldteacherlefta________impressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.A)stayingnotB)nottostayC)thathewouldnotstayD)thathenotstay52. Mike’suncleinsists________inthishotel.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever53. Weagreedtoaccept________theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever54. Itisour________policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.A)consistentB)continuousC)considerateD)continual55. Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded________27%.A)byB)forC)toD)in56. Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesuseful________itforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.A)bywhichB)towhichC)inthatD)sothat57. Heis________abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.A)optimisticB)optionalC)outstandingD)obvious58. SometimesIwishI________inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A)belivingB)werelivingC)wouldliveD)wouldhavelived59. Thedirectorwascritical________thewayweweredoingthework.A)atB)inC)ofD)with60. Inasudden________ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.A)attackB)burstC)splitD)blast61. ________sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A)NosooneritgrewdarkthanB)HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC)ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD)Itwasnotuntildarkthat62. InBritainpeople________fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.A)swallowB)disposeC)consumeD)exhaust63. I’d________hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.A)takeintoaccountB)accountforC)makeupforD)makeout64. Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms________backasearlyaspossible.A)mustbesentB)willbesentC)aresentD)besent65. Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit________enoughtoeat.A)mildB)slightC)lightD)tender66. Wetakeourskinforgranteduntilitisburned________repair.A)beyondB)forC)withoutD)under67. Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas________asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.A)certainlyB)insignificantlyC)fundamentallyD)comparatively68. ________inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.A)TolookatB)LookingatC)LookedatD)Tobelookedat69. Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough________.A)nuisanceB)troubleC)worryD)anxiety70. Somewomen________agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A)mustmakeB)shouldhavemadeC)wouldmakeD)couldhavemadePartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoic