2022-2023学年北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控英语试卷

平谷区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控英语试卷注意事项1.本试卷共12页,包括三部分,满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,请将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oneday,whilehomelessJohnwasaskingformoney,hemetawomannamedGladysKamande.Shehadcollapsedlungsthatgavehershortnessofbreathandshe1reliedonsomemedicalinstrumentstobreathe.Notonlythat,shehad212surgeries,oneofwhichcausedhertogoblind.Afterknowinghersituation,John＇seyes3withtears.Then,despitenothavingtheresourcestosupporthimself,Johnfoundhisownwaytohelpher.He4intohispocketandgaveherwhatlittlemoneyhehad.Atthattime,Johnhadnoideajusthow5hewas！ApasserbynamedNjogu6thewholeprocess.“Iaskedhimwhyhedecidedtogivetheonlymoneyhehad,＂Njogusaid.＂Hetoldmeheoptedtogivebecauseevenifhesufferedthesame,otherswouldsupporthim.”Struckbywhatthelittleboydid,Njogusharedstoriesandphotosoftheheartwarming7onsocialmedia.Soon,John＇sstoryspreadacrosssocialmediaandgenerousstrangersfromallaroundtheworldbegandonatingmoneyinanefforttohelp.Infact,enoughwasraisedto8thetreatmentGladysneededinIndia.Butthat＇snotwherethegoodnewsends.John＇ssimple9helpedhimgetintoachildren＇shome.Finally,thissweetboywasadopted,givinghimafamily.JohnandGladyswerebothabletogetthehelpandthebondtheyformedthatcrucialdaycontinueson.Itjustgoestoshowthatalittle10cangoalongway!1. A.randomly B.seldom C.occasionally D.constantly2. A.cutthrough B.gonethrough C.checkedon D.gotaway3. A.welled B.moved C.wept D.cried4. A.touched B.picked C.reached D.grabbed5. A.talented B.proud C.special D.right6. A.witnessed B.confirmed C.monitored D.sought7. A.spot B.moment C.guidance D.works8. A.spare B.adjust C.cover D.pack9. A.strategy B.habit C.prediction D.interaction10. A.kindness B.courage C.determination D.passion第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AElleGianelliwantedtoputasmileonthefacesoftheseniorswho11（live）innursinghomes.Soshefoundacreativewaytodothat.Bomoutofherloveforwearingsillysocksonthegolfcourse,ElleGianellilaunchedSocks4Seniors,12（raise）moneyviaGoFundMe.When_13（ask）whatthemoneywasfor,sheexplaineditwouldbeusedtopurchasebright,patteredsocksandthoughtfulnotesforallseniorsinassistedlivingfacilitiesinthecountry.BScientistsinAustraliahavebuiltanewbatteryusingsodium-sulphur,atypeofsaltfromseawater.Thebatterycanstorefourtimesmoreenergythanastandardlithiumbatteryandwouldbecheaptomake14seasaltiswidelyavailable.Itisalsobetterfortheenvironmentthanotherbatteries,15useraremetals（suchaslithium）.Sea-saltbatterieshavebeenmadebeforebutthisiseasilythebestmodelsofar.Theteamwillcontinueworkingontheideabeforethiskindofthebatteries16（go）onsale.CNow,atHailangRiverinnortheastChina'sHeilongjingProvince,dozensofChinesemerganserducksarepreparingtomigratesouth.Chinesemerganserduckisan17（danger）speciesunderclass-onestateprotection.Inrecentyears,theprovincehasbeefedupmeasures18（restore）forests,wetlandsandotherecosystems.Chinahasestablished49naturereserves19atotalareaof2,561,300hectares.Thankstotheseefforts,thelocalpopulationofChinesemergansers20（grow）fromaroundadozentonearly100overthepastfewyears.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEnjoythefamily-friendlyadventureatDinoParkinMyrtleBeach!Thisexcitingmuseumgivesgueststhechancetocomeface-to-facewithlife-sizeddinos!Thesebeastshaveavasthistorythatwillsparkimaginationandallowvisitorsofallagestoenjoyeducationalfun.Duringyourself-guidedadventurethroughDinoPark,youwillbetreatedtoup-closeviewsatdazzlinganimatronics（电子动画）ofyourfavoritescalydinosaurs.Therearemorethan20life-sizeddinosaurstodiscover.Alongtheway,youwillbeabletolearnaboutsomeawesomedinofactsandgetyourfillofprehistoricfun!Additionally,visitorswillbeabletoenjoyCGIfootagethatgivesaglimpseintothelivesofthedinos.Itistheperfectwaytolearnallaboutthedinosaursthroughinterestingfactsandhands-onactivities.Throughoutthemuseumarevariousfactsaboutthedinosaursdisplayedoninformativeandcolorfulposters.DinoParkactivitiesDinoExplorePit:ThekidswillhaveablastdivingintotheDinoExplorePit!Thisballpitfeatures100,000ballsofferingtonsofroomtobouncearound.Itisafunattractionforallagestoenjoy.DigaDinoFossil:Becomeareal-lifearchaeologistasyouputyourdiggingskillstothetest!Lookoutforsomeawesomefossilsasyousearchforthenextgreatestdinosaurdiscovery.RideaTyrannosaurus:Thisfunanimatronicrideisperfectforkidswhowanttoexperiencesomethrillingfun!Climbaboardforanaction-packedridethatyouwon'tsoonforget.PlayArea:Kidswillenjoyburningoffsomeextraenergyattheplaygroundarea.Theplaygroundfeaturesdino-themedpuzzlefloors,brightpicturesonthewalls,andplayequipmentfeaturingaslideanddinosaurstheycanclimbon.So,whetheryouarealongtimedinosaurloverorwanttobringthekidstoseesomemovingdinoparkexhibits,youaresuretohaveagreattimehere!21.AtDinoPark,visitors_.A.canfeelthejoyofprehistorictimesB.willbetaughtanimatronicsfacetofaceC.willbeabletofindtheperfectwaytoseeCGIfilmD.canparticipateinhands-onpostermakingactivities22.Whichofthefollowingwillremainfreshinthemindsofkids?A.DinoExplorePit.B.DigaDinoFossil.C.RideaTyrannosaurus.D.PlayArea.23.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceavarietyoflife-sizeddinosaurs.B.Torecommendamuseumwitheducationalfun.C.TocomparethedifferentactivitiesattheDinoPark.D.Toprovidearchaeologistswithsomecluesaboutdinosaurs.BAndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded（嵌入）inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,"saysthenow52-year-old.In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething:shestillhadn'tseenanotherwomaninherrole-notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive（沉浸式的）programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzawelcomedthefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.CampCouragenowrunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset（抵消）costs,Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan-frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother,biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders.“Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundred-footladder,they'renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,”saysSperanza.“It'sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks."NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It'snotevenmeasurable.24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?A.Herdreamnow.B.Achildhoodaccident.C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters.D.Afirefighter'sencouragement.25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.C.Buildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.B.Everynobleworkisatfirstimpossible.C.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.D.Jointeffortisthekeytosolvingproblems.CAskasmarthomedevicefortheweatherforecastandittakesseveralsecondsforthedevicetorespond.Thislatency（延时）occursasconnecteddevicesdon＇thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.MITresearchershavecreatedanewmethodforcomputingdirectlyonthesedevices,whichdrasticallyreducesthislatency.Theirtechniqueshiftsthestepsofrunningamachine-learningmodeltoacentralserverwherecomponentsofthemodelareencodedontolightwaves.Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics（纤维光学）,whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser'sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.Thismethodcouldenableaself-drivingcartomakedecisionsinreal-timewhileusingjustatinypercentageoftheenergycurrentlyrequiredbypower-hungrycomputers.Itcouldalsoallowausertohavealatency-freeconversationwiththeirsmarthomedevice,beusedforlivevideoprocessing,orevenenablehigh-speedimageclassificationonaspacecraftmillionsofmilesfromEarth.“Everytimeyouwanttorunaneuralnetwork,youhavetoruntheprogram,andhowfastyoucanruntheprogramdependsonhowfastyoucanpipetheprograminfrommemory.Ourpipeismassive-itcorrespondstosendingafullfeature-lengthmovieovertheinterneteverymillisecondorso.Thatishowfastdatacomesintooursystem.Anditcancomputeasfastasthat,"saysprofessorDirkEnglund.Theneuralnetworkarchitectureinvolvesstoringweightsinacentralserverthatisconnectedtoanovelpieceofhardwarecalledasmarttransceiver.Thissmarttransceiver,athumb-sizedchip（芯片）,canreceiveandsenddata.Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.28.What'stheparagraph1mainlyabout?A.Thecauseofthelatency.B.Theeffectofthelatency.C.Theadvancedsmartdevice.D.Themodelsstoredinadatacenter.29.Howdoesthisnewmethodreducelatency?A.Byimprovingthepartsofamodel.B.Byusingopticstospeedupcomputations.C.Bycomputingdirectlyinremotedatacenters.D.Byinventinganewmachine-learningmodel.30.Theauthormentionsaself-drivingcarto_.A.introducetheimpactofthelatencyB.explainhowdataisquicklycomputedinthissystemC.demonstratethetechnique'senergysavingandsafetyD.highlighttheuser'ssatisfactionwithmoderntechnology31.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Thenewtechniquewillbefurtherimproved.B.Opticsneedstobedevelopedandusedurgently.C.Thenewcomputingarchitectureisveryperfect.D.Thetechniquewasdevelopedtosendmoviesovertheinternet.DThecoronaviruspandemichascreatedanenvironmentforresearchonsocialconnection.Oneofthemostcommonareasofinquiryoverthepastcoupleofyearswashowoursuddenmassshifttodigitalcommunication-awayfromface-to-face-affectedoverallsocialconnectedness.Researchersstudiednearly3,000adultsduringthepandemic'searlymonthsandfoundthatemail,socialmedia,onlinegaming,andtextingwerenotfungibleforin-personinteractions.Voiceandvideocalls,weresomewhatbetter.Socialconnectednessisakeytohappiness.Lowerit,andyouwillbeworseoff-andsowillyourlovedones,especiallyyourkids.One2014surveyrevealedthat62percentofU.S.childrenthoughttheirparentsweretoodistractedtolistentothem.TheNo.1reasonwasparents'phoneuse.Itisclearthatscrollingorsurfingwillreducesocialconnection:Youdotheminsteadofinteracting.Virtualcommunicationssuchastextingarebydesigninteractiveandshouldtheoreticallybelessharmful.However,textmessagescan'tconveyemotionverywell,becausewecan'thearorseeourconversationalpartners.Thesetechnologiesaretoin-personinteractionswhatablack-and-white,pixelated（像素化的）versionoftheMonaLisaistotherealthing：identifiable,butincapableofproducingthesameemotionaleffects.Withcommunicationsonline,wetendtohopfrompersontopersonandthusswapdepthforbreadth.However,researchhasshownthatdeeperconversationsbringmorewell-beingthanshortcommunications.Meanwhile,inarecentstudy,teenswhotextedmoreoftenthantheirpeerstendedtoexperiencemoredepression,moreanxietyandpoorerrelationshipswiththeirfathers.Itmightseemstrangethatwewouldvoluntarilyadopttechnologiesthathurtourhappiness.Oneoftheexplanationsisconvenience.Vegetating（无所事事）infrontofascreenissimplyeasierthantalkingwithaperson,andvirtualcommunicationssuchastextingarefasterandeasierthanavisitoraphonecall.Thinkofthesetechnologiesasgrab-and-gofoodataconveniencestore:It'snotgreat,butitsureiseasy-andafteryoueatenoughmicrowavefoods,youforgetwhattherealthingtasteslike.Inall,formostofus-especiallypeoplewhogrewupwithit-theinternetisanunquestionedpartoftheecosystemoflife.Quittingthevirtualcommunicationsfromourlifeisclearlynottheanswer.Sincewe'renotgoingbacktolifebeforethiskindoftechnology,wecanandshoulduseitmindfullyinserviceoflove.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fungible”mostprobablymean?A.Responsible.B.Changeable.C.Reliable.D.Replaceable.33.Asforvirtualcommunications,theauthoris______.A.disapprovingB.doubtfulC.supportiveD.cautious34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.VirtualCommunicationDoesLittleHarmtoPeopleB.TechnologyCanMakeYourRelationshipsShallowerC.QuittingVirtualCommunicationIsJustaroundtheComerD.TechnologyCreatesaGoodEnvironmentforDeeperConversations第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.35Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However,reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae（海藻）withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins（毒素）thatforcethosecoraltoleave.36Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp,suchasidentifyingnaturallyheat-resistantcoralsandcross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.37Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal,coral-killingpollution,evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.38Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutionisbeingdealtwith.Countriesthatshareresponsibilitiesforreefsarestartingtoacttogether.Scientificworkaroundscanalsobefound.Naturalcurrentscanbeappliedtofacilitatemassbreeding.Sitesofthegreatestecologicalandeconomicalimportancecanbeidentifiedtomaximizebangforbuck.39Itcouldserveasablueprintforotherecosystems.Hard-coregreens-thosewhothinkthatallhabitatsshouldbekeptunspoiled-maynotapprove.Butwhenentireecosystemsarefacingdestruction,thecostofdoingnothingistoogreattobear.A.Thiscancauseacoral'sdeath.B.Buttherearegroundsforoptimism.C.Andtheyhostaquarterofmarinespecies.D.Coral'sglobalecosystemservicesareworthupto$10trnayear.E.Thismixofnaturalactivityandhumaninterventionisimportant.F.Thisresearchcanalsobebroughttobearontryingtosaveentireecosystems.G.However,theassistedevolutionofcoralsdoesnotmeetwithuniversalenthusiasm.第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节（共4小题,第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。MusselsinPortPhillipBayaretakinginmicroplasticsusedincosmetics（化妆品）.Themicroplasticstravelfrombathroomsinkstotheocean,wheretheyareeasilyconfusedwithseaweeds.Becausethemusselscannottellthedifference,theytakeintheplasticalongwiththeirnormaldietofseaweeds.AccordingtoresearcherDrCharleneTrestrail,theplasticdoesn'taffectmusselsdirectly,butitdoesreducetheirabilitytodigesttherealfood.Itmeanstheymissoutonenergyandnutrients,whichaffectstheirabilitytogrowandreproduce.“Besidesbeingatastytreatforhumans,musselsplayanimportantroleinkeepingmarineecosystemshealthy,"DrTrestrailsaid.“Andbecauseofthereducedabilitytogrowandreproduce,wecouldseeadropinmusselpopulations,withknock-oneffectsforothermarinewildlife.”Whileenvironmentalcampaignershaveworkedhardtoreducetheamountofplasticintheoceansfromeasilyvisibleitemssuchasshoppingbagsandpackaging,mostpeoplearenotawareoftheimpactofmicrobeadsandotherhiddenplasticsinproductsincludingtoothpasteorbathscrubs.“Weknowlotsabouthowplasticsaffectanimalsexternally-we'veallseenphotosofbirdsandturtlestwistedinplastic-butthisisthefirststudytoinvestigatehowtinyplasticsaffectanimals’stomachs,"DrTrestrailsaid.Therehasbeenapushinrecentyearstoreducemicroplasticpollution.ButwhiletheGovernmenthassupportedphasingout（淘汰）microbeads,somecosmeticsindustriesstoppedshortofbanningtheiruse.Weneedtotakepollutionfrommicroplasticsseriously.Becausethey'resosmall,oncethey'reintheecosystemtheyareimpossibletoremove.Theonlysolutionisnottousetheminthefirstplace.40.Whydomusselseatmicroplastics?41.Whatwilleventuallyhappentomusselsiftheyeatmicroplasticsmistakenly?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thefirstthingtosolvemicroplasticpollutionisnottousemicroplasticsandsomecosmeticsindustriesagreedtostopusingmicrobeads.43.Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolutionstotheplasticpollutionprobleminyourdailylife,（Inabout40words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-streamshopping）在中国很流行,发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括：1.你是否通过直播进行过购物；2.你对直播购物的看法或感受。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua平谷区2022-2023学年第二学期教学质量监控参考答案高三英语第一部分知识运用（30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）1.D2.B3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分。大小写错误扣0.5）11.lived/wereliving12.raising13.asked14.as/because15.which16.goes17.endangered18.torestore19.with20.hasgrown第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分,共28分）21.A22.C23.B24.B25.C26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.D34.B第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）35.C36.A37.G38.B39.E第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分）40.Possibleversion（抄错单词扣0.5；时态错误扣0.5；句首小写扣0.5）1）Becausemicroplasticsareeasilyconfusedwithseaweeds,andthemusselscannottellthedifference.2）Becausethemicroplasticgetsmixedupwiththeseaweedsonwhichmusselsliveandtheycannottellthedifference.3）Becausethemusselscannottellthedifferencebetweenmicroplasticsandseaweeds.41.Possibleversion：（抄写不完整扣1分；单词拼错扣0.5；时态错