2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义-Unit-11-(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)

Unit11EffectiveCommunication

AFAMOUSQUOTE

Thinklikeawisemanbutcommunicateinthelanguageofthepeople.——WilliamYeats像智者那样思考，像大众那样交流。——威廉·叶芝

WilliamYeats（1865-1939）,Irishpoet,playwright,andperhapsthegreatestpoetofthe20thcentury.HewontheNobelPrizeinliteraturein1923andwastheleaderoftheIrishLiteraryRenaissance.

威廉·叶芝（1865-1939），爱尔兰诗人、剧作家，可能是20世纪最伟大的诗人。叶芝曾经赢得1923年的诺贝尔文学奖，他是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖。SpeakingActivity

TalkingaboutFutureEvents

SampleDialogueReadthefollowingconversation.Payattentiontohowthespeakerstalkaboutfutureevents.

Jack:AreyougoingtoLondonnextweek?

Ann:Yes.

Jack:It'srathercoldthere.

Ann:Yes.I'mafraidIcouldn'tfallasleepatnight.

Jack:Haveyoureservedahotel?

Ann:Yes.HolidayInn.

Jack:HolidayInnisofferingahumanbed-warmingserviceatthreehotelsinBritainthismonth.

Ann:Ahumanbed-warmingservice?

Jack:Yes.Ifrequested,abed-warmeratthehotelwilldressinafleecesleepersuitbeforeslippingbetweenthesheets.

Ann:Thatsoundsgreat,butIhopethewarmerwillshowerfirst.GuidedPracticeDirections:Askyourpartnerwhathe/sheplanstododuringthecomingvacation.Youmayusethefollowingtipstohelpyou.

Areyougoingto…nextweek?

…isoffering…service

Howlongwillyoustay…?

Iwill…for…

Thatsoundsgreat,butIhope...TextA

NewWord1、frustratedadj.feelingannoyedandimpatientbecauseyoucannotdoorachievewhatyouwant懊恼的；沮丧的

2、anxiousadj.feelingworriedornervous焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的

3、essentialpletelynecessary;extremelyimportantinaparticularsituationorforaparticularactivity必不可少的；极其重要的

4、co-workern.apersonthatsomebodyworkswith,doingthesamekindofjob合作者；同事

5、passivelyadv.acceptingwhathappensorwhatpeopledowithouttryingtochangeanythingoropposethem消极地；被动地

6、establishv.tostarthavingarelationship,especiallyaformalone,withanotherperson,grouporcountry建立（尤指正式关系）

7、tipn.asmallpieceofadviceaboutsomethingpractical指点；实用的提示

8、nonverbaladj.notinvolvingwordsorspeech不涉及言语的；非言语的

9、percentagen.thenumber,amount,rateofsomething,expressedasifitispartofatotalwhichis100;apartorshareofawhole百分率；百分比

10、tonen.thequalityofsomebody'svoice,especiallyexpressingaparticularemotion语气；腔调；口吻

11、facialadj.connectedwithaperson'sface;onaperson'sface面部的

12、truthfullyadv.givingthetruefactsaboutsomething真实地；如实地

13、mannern.thewaythatsomebodybehavesandspeakstowardsotherpeople举止；态度

14、signaln.amovementorsoundthatyoumaketogivesomebodyinformation,instructions,awarning,etc.信号；暗号

15、pointofviewn.theparticularattitudeoropinionthatsomebodyhasaboutsomething观点；态度；意见

16、echov.torepeatwhatsomebodyelsehasjustsaid重复（别人的话）

17、rephrasev.tosayorwritesomethingusingdifferentwordsinordertomakethemeaningclearer换个说法说，改变词句

18、performv.todosomething,suchasapieceofwork,taskorduty做；履行；执行

19、techniquen.aparticularwayofdoingsomething,especiallyoneinwhichyouhavetolearnspecialskills技巧；技艺；工艺

20、temptationn.thedesiretodoorhavesomethingthatyouknowisbadorwrong引诱；诱惑PhrasesandExpressions1、beawareoftoknoworrealizesomething知道；意识到

2、beresponsiblefortobethecauseofsomething作为原因；成为起因

3、put…asidetoignoreorforgetsomething,usuallyafeelingordifferenceofopinion忽视；不理睬；忘记TextAActiveListeningPre-readingQuestions1.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfturningadeafeartoyourfriends?

2.Whatkindofbodylanguagedoyourfriendsandyourselfuse?ActiveListeningDoyouevergetfrustratedwhenyourealizethatthepersonyou'vebeentalkingtowasnotreallylisteningatall?

Doothersevercomplainthatyoudon'tlisten?

Don'tbetooanxiousiftheanswertoeitherorbothquestionsis"yes".

Althoughwemaynotbeawareofit,manyofushavepoorlisteningskills,andstronglisteningskillsareimportantforeveryone,notonlyforsecondlanguagelearners.Goodcommunicationisessentialtoforminggoodrelationshipswithpeopleofallkinds,fromfamily,friendsandneighbourstoco-workers,bossesandevengovernmentofficials!

Weoftenfocusonsayingwhatwewanttosayinaneffectivewayandforgetthatlistening

5.Whenengagedinactivelistening,wetryourbestnotto____________.

A）keepanopenmind

B）repeatthespeaker'swords

C）focustoomuchonourownideas

D）encouragethespeaker[答疑编号506494110305：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】阅读文章第十段第二个句子：Doyourbesttoputyourownfeelingsandopinionsasidewhileyoulistening,andencouragethespeakerto…可以知道正确答案。答案为C。

II.BuildingYourVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectchoiceofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.Thisisanextremely____________experienceforthestudent.（frustrated,frustrating）[答疑编号506494110306：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】frustrating

【答案解析】译文：对学生来说，这是一种很懊丧的经历。本题考查-ing结尾的形容词与-ed结尾的形容词作定语时的区别。-ing形容词，中心词与其成主动关系，表示中心词所具有的某种性质；-ed形容词，中心词与其成被动关系，表示中心词所处的状态。因此，空格处应选frustrating。答案为frustrating。

2.The____________ofhisargumentwasthateducationshouldcontinuethroughoutlife.（essence,essential）[答疑编号506494110307：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】essence

【答案解析】译文：他的论点的核心意思是，教育应贯穿一生。空格处应填入名词，因此应选essence。答案为essence。

3.IthinkI'msufferingfromthe____________oftoolittlesleep.（effects,effective）[答疑编号506494110308：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】effects

【答案解析】译文：我觉得我因睡眠太少而难受了。空格处应填入名词，因此应选effects。答案为effects。

4.Thepublichasarighttoexpect____________answersfrompoliticians.（truthful,truthfully）[答疑编号506494110309：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】truthful

【答案解析】译文：公众有权要求政客们说实话。空格处需填入形容词作answer的定语，因此应选truthful。答案为truthful。

5.Therearestilllotsof____________offersonnewcars.（tempting,temptation）[答疑编号506494110310：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】tempting

【答案解析】译文：新车仍有很多诱人的优惠条件。空格处需填入一个形容词作offers的定语，因此应选tempting。答案为tempting。

6.Childrennormallyfeelalotof____________abouttheirfirstdayatschool.（anxious,anxiety）[答疑编号506494110311：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】anxiety

【答案解析】译文：孩子们在上学第一天通常都会很焦虑。空格处需填入一个名词被alotof修饰，并做feel的表语，因此应选anxiety。答案为anxiety。

SectionB

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.percentage百分比performance表现，表演echo重复passively被动地

establish建立technique技巧facial面部的manner态度，举止1.Kathyseemstotakeavery____________roleintherelationship.[答疑编号506494110312：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】passive

【答案解析】译文：在这个关系中，Kathy看起来好像很。结合句意，空格处应填一个形容词做role的定语，因此空格处应填passive。答案为passive。

2.Someathletestakedrugstoimprovetheir____________.[答疑编号506494110313：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】performance

【答案解析】译文：一些运动员为了改善而服用药物。根据句意，空格处应填入表示“表现”的词，因此应选performance。答案为performance。

3.Aproperprocedureforcomplaintsshouldbe____________.[答疑编号506494110314：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】established

【答案解析】译文：应为投诉一套规范的程序。结合句意，空格处应填入表示设置、创建的词，因此应选establish。此处应用过去分词形式，与其前边的be动词构成被动语态，表示“被创建”。答案为established。

4.Yougot20____________oftheanswersright—thatmeansoneineveryfive.[答疑编号506494110315：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】percent

【答案解析】译文：你的答案的正确率为20——即五分之一。根据后半句的“五分之一”我们可以知道，空格处与其前面的20构成20%。英语中百分数由“基数词+percent”构成，因此空格处应填percent。答案为percent。

5.The____________ofhisscreamsoundedinthecaveforseveralseconds.[答疑编号506494110316：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】echo

【答案解析】译文：他的叫喊声在洞穴里回响了好几秒钟。结合句意，空格处应填echo。答案为echo。

6.Therehavebeenmajornewdevelopmentsinsatellite____________。[答疑编号506494110317：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】technique

【答案解析】译文：在卫星领域已经取得了重大进展。结合备选词及句意，空格处应选technique。答案为technique。

SectionC

Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableword.

1.Hefeltheneededtofocusmore____________hiscareer.[答疑编号506494110318：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】on

【答案解析】译文：他觉得他需要把更多的注意力放在自己的事业上。本题重点考查固定搭配focuson…，意为对（某事或做某事）予以注意。答案为on。

2.Everybankpays____________attentiontothespeedandaccuracyofitsstaff.[答疑编号506494110319：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】close

【答案解析】译文：每个银行都密切关注其职工的工作速度和准确性。payattentionto…意为关注……，paycloseattentionto…意为紧密关注……。答案为close。

3.Hebelievedthatsomeformofreligionwasessential____________humanhappiness.[答疑编号506494110320：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：他认为，对于人类的幸福来说，某种形式的宗教是必不可少的。本题考查固定用法beessentialto...，意为对……是必不可少的，重要的。答案为to。

4.Wereyouaware____________therisksatthetime?[答疑编号506494110321：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】of

【答案解析】译文：你当时意识到风险了吗？本题考查固定搭配beawareof…的用法，意为意识到……。答案为of。

5.Lastmonth'sbadweatherwasresponsible___________thecropfailure.[答疑编号506494110322：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】for

【答案解析】译文：上个月的恶劣天气造成作物欠收。本题考查beresponsiblefor…的用法，意为对……负责，形成……的原因。答案为for。

6.Youmust____________asideyourprideandapologizetohim.[答疑编号506494110323：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】put

【答案解析】译文：你必须放下你的架子向他道歉。putaside意为撇开、扔下。因此空格处应填put。答案为put。

Ⅲ.BridgingtheGap

Directions:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.⑥if⑤developed⑩misunderstood①volunteer⑨trembling

②named⑧grew⑦hesitate④miraculously③rareManyyearsago,whenIworkedasa__①__atStanfordHospital,Igottoknowalittlegirl__②__Lizwhowassufferingfroma__③__andseriousdisease.Heronlychanceofrecoveryappearedtobeabloodtransfusionfromherfive-year-oldbrother,whohad__④__survivedthesamediseaseandhad__⑤__theantibodiesneededtocombattheillness.

Thedoctorexplainedthesituationtoherlittlebrotherandaskedtheboy__⑥__hewouldbewillingtogivehisbloodtohissister.Isawhim__⑦__foronlyamomentbeforetakingadeepbreathandsaying,"Yes,I'lldoitifitwillsaveLiz."

Asthetransfusionprogressed,helayinbednexttohissisterandsmiled,aswealldid,seeingthecolourreturningtohercheeks.Thenhisface__⑧__paleandhissmilefaded.Helookedupatthedoctorandaskedwitha__⑨__voice,"WillIstarttodierightaway?"

Beingyoung,theboyhad__⑩__thedoctor;hethoughthewasgoingtohavetogiveherallhisblood.[答疑编号506494110324：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】①volunteer；②named；③rare；④miraculously；⑤developed；⑥if；⑦hesitate；⑧grew；⑨trembling；⑩misunderstood

【答案解析】

①考查对全文宗旨的理解。通读全文，可以知道第一句意为“多年前，我在一家医院做志愿者的时候……”，因此空格处应选volunteer。答案为volunteer。

②空格后为人名，因此空格处应选named，意为一个名叫Liz的女孩。答案为named。

③结合空格后的seriousdisease，空格处应选rare，意为一种罕见而严重的病。答案为rare。

④根据句意：她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血。她弟弟也得了这种病，但是___地康复了（并且____对抗这个疾病的抗体）。空格处应填miraculously，意为奇迹般恢复。答案为miraculously。

⑤根据句意：她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血。她弟弟也得了这种病，但是奇迹般地康复了，并且____对抗这个疾病的抗体。空格处应填developed，意为生长、形成。答案为developed。

⑥空格处需要填入一个词引导后面的句子作为ask的宾语，因此应选if，意为问这个男孩是否愿意为姐姐输血。答案为if。

⑦根据句意：我看到他____了一小会，然后深深吸了一口气说：“好的，如果能救Liz，我愿意。”空格处应选hesitate，意为犹豫。答案为hesitate。

⑧联系上下文，上文为：看到输血后姐姐的气色好转，下文为：他的脸色变得苍白，笑容退去。空格处应填grew，意为渐渐变得。答案为grew。

⑨atremblingvoice意为颤抖的声音，联系上下文，上文意为：当为姐姐输血时他脸色开始变得苍白，下文意为“我就要死了吗”，由此可以看出男孩的紧张、恐惧的情绪。因此，他讲话时声音会颤抖。答案为trembling。

⑩本题考查对全文宗旨的理解。通读全文，可以知道因为对输血的误解，男孩以为自己在输血后会死亡。因此空格处应选misunderstood。答案为misunderstood。

【参考译文】

许多年前，我在Stanford医院做志愿者的时候，认识了一个名叫Liz的女孩，她得了一种罕见而严重的病。她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血。她弟弟也得了这种病，但是奇迹般地康复了，并且发育形成了对抗这个疾病的抗体。

医生说明情况并且问这个男孩是否愿意为姐姐输血。我看到他犹豫了一小会，然后深深吸了一口气说：“好的，如果能救Liz，我愿意。”

当输血时，小男孩躺在他姐姐的身旁微笑着，看到输血后姐姐的气色好转。然后，他的脸色变得苍白，笑容退去。他看着医生用颤抖的声音问道：“我就要死了吗？”

因为小男孩年纪太小，对输血的医生误解了，男孩以为自己把全部血液输给姐姐，在输血后自己会死亡。

IV.Translation

SectionA

Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinthebrackets.

1.They____________（为没有进展而感到懊丧）.（frustrated）[答疑编号506494110325：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】feltfrustratedfornoprogress

【答案解析】本题考查“因为……而懊丧”的表达，可译为feelfrustratedfor…。答案为feltfrustratedfornoprogress。

2.Money____________（对于幸福并非必不可少）.（beessentialto）[答疑编号506494110326：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】isnotessentialtohappiness

【答案解析】本题考查“对……是必不可少的”的表达，可译为beessentialto...。答案为isnotessentialtohappiness。

3.Theschoolhas____________thelocalcommunity（与…建立了良好的关系）.（establish）[答疑编号506494110327：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】establishedagoodrelationshipwith

【答案解析】本题考查“与……建立良好的关系”的表达，可译为establishagoodrelationshipwith…。注意本题中应使用现在完成时。答案为establishedagoodrelationshipwith。

4.____________,thepartywasacompletesuccess（依我看）.（pointofview）[答疑编号506494110328：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Frommypointofview

【答案解析】本题考查“依……看”的表达，可译为in...pointofview。注意首字母大写。答案为Frommypointofview。

5.Mike____________（负责全部工程的设计）.（beresponsiblefor）[答疑编号506494110329：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】isresponsibleforthedesignofthewholeproject

【答案解析】本题考查“对……负责”的表达，可译为beresponsiblefor...。答案为isresponsibleforthedesignofthewholeproject。

SectionB

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Sometimesculturaldifferencesinappropriatebodylanguagecancausediscomfortormisunderstanding.Onecommonexampleistheuseofasmile.InsomeAsiancultures,asmilecanshowembarrassmentorapology.However,smilingbackatateacherwhoisunhappywithyou,orastrangerwhosefootyouaccidentallysteppedupon,isprobablynotagoodideainmostEnglishspeakingcultures!Also,youshouldnotassumethatnoddingyourheadmeans"yes"orthatshakingyourheadmeans"no"orviceversa.Yes,youcanevengetthatwrong,withpotentiallydisastrousconsequences.[答疑编号506494110330：针对该题提问]

【参考译文】

即便是正确的肢体语言，如果在不同的文化背景下，有时候也使人不舒服或造成误解。一个常见的例子是微笑的使用。在一些亚洲文化中，微笑可以表示尴尬或歉意。然而在一些英语国家的文化里，朝着跟你生气的老师或被你踩到脚的陌生人笑，就不太好了。你不要想当然地以为点头就表示“是的”，反之亦然，摇头也不一定表示“不是”。没错，你很可能因为这样的错误而引发潜在的严重后果。

V.OrganizingYourIdeas

Directions:Putthefollowingsentencesintheproperordersothattheymakeacompleteparagraph.

1.Johnreplies,"I'mtryingtowinaNobelPrize."

2.HepullsthecarovertothesideoftheroadandnoticesthatJohnisjuststandingthere,doingnothing,lookingatnothing.

3."Well,IheardtheygivetheNobelPrizetopeoplewhoareoutstandingintheirfield."

4.Samgetsoutofthecar,walksallthewayouttoJohnandaskshim,"Excuseme,whatareyoudoing?"

5."How?"asksSam,puzzled.

6.SamisdrivingdowntheDelhihighway,whenhespotsJohnstandinginthemiddleofahugefieldofgrass.[答疑编号506494110331：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】排列句子顺序：6—2—4—1—5—3

【答案解析】依据动作发生先后对第6、2、4句排序。这三个句子是Sam做的一系列连贯动作，第6个句子中Sam开车时看到John站在那里，第2个句子Sam停车，第4个句子Sam下车。依据语法一致及语意一致的原则，对第4、1、5三句排序。第4个句子中Sam对John以现在进行式提问Whatareyoudoing?第1个句子John以现在进行时I’mtryingto…作答。第5个句子中，Sam对John的回答感到困惑并追问如何获得诺贝尔奖，第3个句子中John做进一步解释。

【参考译文】

山姆在德里的高速路上开着车，他发现约翰站在一大片草地中间，山姆在路边停下车,注意到约翰就站在那里，什么也不做，什么也不看。他下了车走到约翰身边问道：“请问，你在做什么呢？”

“我在试图赢得诺贝尔奖。”约翰回答。

“怎么能获得诺贝尔奖呢？”山姆疑惑地问道。

“我听说诺贝尔奖获得者都是outstandingintheirfield。”

outstanding杰出的

outstanding站在外边

Ⅵ.ReflectingontheText

Supposeyouarehappilymarriedforayearandeverythingisgoingwell.Youarequietandyourpartnerischatty.Butyouaccidentallyfindyourbetterhalfchattingalotwithaco-workeroftheoppositesexandverymuchenjoyingtheirconversation.Youstarttoworrythat,ifthiscontinues,itmaycauseariftbetweenyourpartnerandyourself;butthat,ifyoutalk.Aboutitandyourspouseisupset,thatalsowilladverselyaffectyourrelationship.Howwouldyoudealwiththistroublesomesituation?[答疑编号506494110332：针对该题提问]【解题思路】本文应围绕夫妻间的沟通技巧展开。全文可简要分为以下几个部分：

1.用几句话阐明，夫妻间的沟通需要技巧。如，Communicationskillisessentialtocouples.

2.列举当面临矛盾或其他尴尬局面时，有哪些有效的技巧。如，Hereareafewtipstohelp……

3.对于题中和伴侣之间的矛盾，你会如何处理。如，So,Iwill…

4.对全文进行总结，概括你对夫妻间沟通技巧重要性的认识。如，Oncewemasterthecommunicationskills,wewill…TextBEffectiveCommunicationTextB

NewWords1、argumentn.aconversationordiscussioninwhichtwoormorepeopledisagree,oftenangrily争论；争吵

2、disagreementn.asituationwherepeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutsomethingandoftenargue意见不一；分歧；争论

3、conveyv.tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosomebody表达，传递（思想、感情等）

4、divorcen.thelegalendingofamarriage离婚

5、miscommunicationn.failuretocommunicateideasorintentionssuccessfully沟通不良

6、properadj.right,appropriateorcorrect;accordingtotherules正确的；恰当的；符合规则的

7、collapsen.asuddenfailureofsomething,suchasaninstitution,abusinessoracourseofaction突然失败，倒闭，崩溃

8、putv.toexpressorstatesomethinginaparticularway说；表达

9、faultn.theresponsibilityforsomethingwrongthathashappenedorbeendone责任；过错；过失

10、barriern.aproblem,ruleorsituationthatpreventssomebodyfromdoingsomething,orthatmakessomethingimpossible障碍；阻力

11、criticaladj.extremelyimportantbecauseafuturesituationwillbeaffectedbyit关键的；至关紧要的

12、vitaladj.necessaryoressentialinorderforsomethingtosucceedorexist必不可少的；对……极重要的

13、verbaladj.spoken,notwritten口头（而非书面）的

14、workplacen.theoffice,factory,etc.wherepeoplework工作场所

15、paraphrasev.toexpresswhatsomebodyhassaidorwrittenusingdifferentwords,especiallyinordertomakeiteasiertounderstand解释，释义，意译

16、chancen.apossibilityofsomethinghappening,especiallysomethingthatyouwant可能性

17、partyn.oneofthepeopleorgroupsofpeopleinvolvedinalegalagreementorargument当事人；一方

18、chainreactionn.aseriesofevents,eachofwhichcausesthenext连锁反应

19、refinev.toimprovesomethingbymakingsmallchangestoit改进；改善

20、partnern.thepersonthatyouaremarriedtoorhavingasexualrelationshipwith配偶；性伴侣PhrasesandExpressions1、dowonderstohaveaverygoodeffectonsomebody/something创造奇迹；产生神奇作用

2、inotherwordsusedtointroduceanexplanationofsomething换句话说；也就是说；换言之

3、comeupwithtofindorproduceananswer,asumofmoney,etc.找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等）

4、let'ssayusedwhenmakingasuggestionorgivinganexample譬如说，比方说，例如

5、thebottomlinethemostimportantthingthatyouhavetoconsideroraccept;theessentialpointinadiscussion,etc.要旨；基本论点；底线

6、setofftostartaprocessorseriesofevents引发；激起TextBEffectiveCommunicationPre-readingQuestions1.Haveyoueverfailedtounderstandothers'messagesorbeenmisunderstoodbyotherpeople?

2.Howdidyouavoidorclearupthemisunderstandings?EffectiveCommunicationDevelopingtheskillofeffectivecommunicationcandowondersforthequalityofyourlifeandyourrelationships.①Oneofthemajorcausesofargumentsanddisagreementsisnotbeingabletoconveytherightmessage.Fartoomanymarriageshaveendedindivorceduetomiscommunication.Moreover,inthebusinessworld,lackofpropercommunicationcancauseallsortsofproblemsfromlossofsalesandlossofjobstothecollapseofcompanies.Let'sexploresomewaysyoucanimproveyourcommunicationskillsinordertobettersendyourmessagetotheotherperson.

Sowhatiseffectivecommunication?Simplyput,itistheconditionwhereareceivergetsthemessagefromthesenderinexactlythewaythesenderhasintendedit.Inotherwords,ifyoutellsomeoneyourphonenumberandtheygetitcorrectly,youhavesucceeded.If,however,yougiveyourphonenumberbuttheotherpersongetsitwrong,thenthereisaproblem.Itcanbethesender'sfault,thereceiver'sfault,orboth.Thesemisinterpretationsofthemessagearecalledbarriers.

Sowhataresomecommonbarrierstoeffectivecommunication?Onecommonproblemisthatthereceiverdoesn'twanttolistentothesender.I'msureyouhaveexperiencedthis.Youaretryingtotellsomeonesomethingandtheyjustwon'tlistentoyou.Itcanbebecausetheyaren'tfocused,ortheyareupsetanddon'twanttobother,ortheyjustdon'tcare.②Anothercommonbarrierhastodowiththesendernotconveyingthemessageclearly.Thiscanbeduetothingslikenotbeingabletocomeupwiththerightwords,givingabadexample,orsimplenotunderstandingthemessageenoughtoexplainittothereceiver.

Havingeffectivecommunicationskillscanbecriticalinbusiness.Let'ssayyourbossasksyoutodosomethingandyouendupdoingthewrongthing.Whetherit'stheboss'sfaultfornotgivingyouclearinstructionsoryoursfornotreceivingthemessagecorrectly,thebottomlineisthatthejobwasn'tdone.Thatcouldcostthecompanymoney.Thisiswhyhavingeffectivebusinesscommunicationsissovital,whethertheyareverbalorwritten.Miscommunicationcancostalotofmoney.Takingtimetodevelopeffectivecommunicationintheworkplacewillnotonlyhelpthebusinessrunmoresmoothlybutalsopreventresentmentandarguments.

Whencommunicatingamessagetotheotherperson,onethingyoucandoistomakesuretheotherpersonunderstandsyourmessage.Don'tjustassumethattheydo;makesureofit,especiallyifit'somethingreallyimportant.Youcandothissimplybyaskingthemtoexplainwhatyoujusttoldthem.Justmakesureyoudoitinaniceway.

Asthereceiverorlistener,it'sgoodpracticetoparaphrasewhattheotherpersonhasjusttoldyou.Thiswillaccomplishtwothings.First,youwillmakesureyouhaveunderstoodthemessageinyourownwords.Secondly,theotherpersonwillknowthatyouaretrulylistening.Thiswillalsoreducethechancesofanymiscommunication.

Therearealotofcoursesyoucantakeandbooksyoucanreadaboutthesubjectofeffectivecommunication.Sometimesyoucansaytherightthings,havethelistenerhearexactlywhatyouhavesaid,andstillmiscommunicationshappen.Thiscanoccurwhenthetwopartieshavedifferentdefinitionsofcertainwordsorevenoffacialexpressions.Thisisespeciallyimportantinrelationships,wherejustusingonewrongwordcansetoffachainreactionthatcanendtherelationship.

Constantcommunicationandrefiningthequalityandeffectivenessofthecommunicationcandowondersforarelationship.Itmightnotbetheeasiestthingtodobut,sincehavingeffectivecommunicationissoimportant,youneedtospendthetimetodevelopthatskillyourselfaswellasgetyourpartnertolearnitwithyou.KeySentences1.Developingtheskillofeffectivecommunicationcandowondersforthequalityofyourlifeandyourrelationships.

运用行之有效的沟通技巧对于提高生活质量和促进人际交往都大有裨益。

2.Itcanbebecausetheyaren'tfocused,ortheyareupsetanddon'twanttobother,ortheyjustdon'tcare.

原因五花八门：要么是注意力不集中，要么是心情不好，不想费神，要么就是根本不关心。Notes1.InBritishEnglish（BrE）somewordshavedifferentmeaningsorshadesofmeaningfromwhattheyhaveinAmericanEnglish（AmE）.Forexample,theword"football"inBrEreferstoAssociationfootball,alsoknownassoccer.InAmE,"football"meansAmericanfootball.Similarly,theword"hockey"inBrEreferstofieldhockeyandinAmE,"hockey"meansicehockey.AschronicledbyWinstonChurchill,theoppositemeaningsoftheverb"totable"createdamisunderstandingduringameetingoftheAlliedforces.InBrE"totableanitemonanagenda"meanstoopenitupfordiscussionwhereasinAmE,itmeanstoremoveitfromdiscussion,orattimes,tosuspendordelaydiscussion.TextBEffectiveCommunication

ExercisesI.CheckingYourComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ReadthefollowingstatementsandmarkY（forYes）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthetext;N（forNo）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthetext;NG（forNotGiven）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthetext.

（）1.Effectivecommunicationcanenhanceoursocialstatusinthebusinessworld.[答疑编号506494110601：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】译文：有效沟通可以在商界提升社会地位。本题着重考查文章细节，阅读文章第四段，阐述了有效沟通在商界的重要性，其中并未提及本题的观点。答案为NG。

（）2.Misunderstandingmaydrivecompaniesintobankruptcy.[答疑编号506494110602：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】译文：沟通不良可能会导致公司破产。本题着重考查文章细节。阅读文章第一段第四个句子可以知道，题中观点是正确的。答案为Y。

（）3.Thebarriersofcommunicationmayliewiththesender,thereceiverorboth.[答疑编号506494110603：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】译文：沟通不良可能是信息传达者的责任，也可能是接受者，或者双方。本题着重考查文章细节，阅读第二段第五个句子即可知本题的表述是正确的。答案为Y。

（）4.Stutteringismentionedasoneofthereasonsfortheunsuccessfuldeliveryofmessages.HYPERLINK"/Netwangxiao/class/jichu/publ