大家网英语高级口译书考试翻译教程08年3月

SECTION1:LISTENINGTEST(30PartA:SpotDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Today,we'lltalkaboutwhatothereffectswatchingTVmightproduceonChildrenshouldbe (1)alotofevision,manyexpertsandparentsagree,butthereisatleastonecircumstancewhenitmightbebeneficial: (2).ArecentstudyconductedbyItalianresearchersfoundthatchildren (3)immediayprecedingandduringbloodtestsexperiencedlesspainthanchildrenwhosemothers (4)duringtheprocedure,orchildrenwhosemotherswerepresentbut Theresearch,ledbyCarloBrown,MD,attheUniversityofSiena,ispublishedintheArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood, (6)thestudy.Nonereceivedanytypeofanesthesia;thechildrenandtheirmothers Boththegroupwhosemothersattemptedtodistractthemfromthebloodtestsandthosewhose thelevelsofpainwerelessandthechildrenwerebetterableOneofthepossibleexnationsisthatchildrenmight

(10)during (11)showsthedifficultymothershaveininctingpositively (12)intheirchildren'slife,"theauthorswrite. (15)wheninpain,"saytheAnotherpossibilityofferedforconsiderationisthenotionthatthe (16)mightreleasepain-quellingendorphins.Endorphins, (17)producedbythepituitarygland,resembleopiatesintheirabilitytoproducegesiaandasenseofwell-being.Inotherwords,they Inanycase,thestudyresultssuggestthathealthworkersshould (19)towatchevisionduringpainfulprocedures PartB:ListeningDirections:Inthispartofthetesttherewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thetalks,conversationsandquestionswillbespokenONLYONCE.NowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing(A)AchangeinFrencheatingAboominlong-hourmealsinTheoriginofThehomeofthesit-downmid-day(A)AvariationinfoodAchangeinthe AriseinfoodAfallinwhite-(A)BakeriesnowofferalimitedrangeofalbeitexcellentThereareaboutfourkindsofbread,breakfastanddessertBakeriessellsandwichesmainlyintheworking-classFranceiscurrentlywitnessingaboominsandwich(A)MenusuallyliketoeatmorehamburgersthanwomendoinMen,morelikelytobeworkingbehindajackhammer,needtoeatsoWomenmakeupalmosthalfthe inFranceWomenhavetopickupthechildrenlatefromtheday-care(A)BecausethebakerieshaveadaptedtheideaoffastfoodandmadeitFrenchBecausethebakerieshaveofferedsomethingthat'sveryclosetowhatiscalledfastBecausethehamburgershavehamandbutterinBecausethehamburgersdonotcostsomuchasthoseofferedbyQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowing(A) (B)(C) (D)(A)TointensifyTokyo'sroleinpeacekeemissionsTostopthecountry'sairtransportmissioninTooverridethelowerhouse'sToapprovetheDemocraticParty'sbilltocontinuethe(A)Worseningwater (B)Increasingrisksof(C)Triggeringmassdis (D)Reducingthepopulationin(A)ToresumepeacetalkswhichhavebeenhaltedforalongToforgeandsignapeacetreatypledgedbybothTodispelhisskepticismoverchancesforadealbeforeheleavesToopena44-nationconferenceovertheMiddleEast(A) (B)(C) (D)Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowing(A)WhattodotocontrolWhatrolealawyerysinacourtHow lahardenedcriminalfromafirst-timeHowtoconvictacriminalandputhimin(A)QuickThesocialThe(A)EducationprogramsarenotsoeffectiveasDrugtreatmentprogramsareinsufficientlySomerehabilitationprogramsinsideprisonshavebeenMorepeopleareconvictedthanprisonspace (A)TheseprogramsaremainlyintendedforthekingpinsofdrugdealstogetTheseprogramsarecurrentlycarriedoutinmoststatesintheTheseprogramsaimtodevelopacultureinsidetheTheseprogramshavepsychologicalandeducational(A)BecausegangsstartinprisonsandmakeprisonarepressiveBecausecriminalstendtoberepeatBecausethereisnostigmaattachedtomostBecausesocietydoesn'tlookatreleasedprisonerswithQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowing(A)Howto ctwithcolleaguesandsfacetoHowtomakeeffectiveephoneWhatskillsareneededtogetandholddownaWhatmakesforanexcellentabilitytoexpress(A)(A) (B)(C) (D)(A)BasictoadvancedknowledgeofcomputerAbilitytocalculatealltransactions,profitsandCreativityinmakingpresentations Proficiencyinatleastoneforeign(A)TocreateyourowndatabasesontheToenhanceyoursocialskillsbyholdingpartieswithyourTousethecomputer time efamiliarwithitsTostoreas ephonenumbersandaddressesasyou(A)GraduatingProfessionalLow-leveladministrativeSECTION2:READINGTEST(30Directions:Inthissectionyouwillreadseveralpassages.Eachoneisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Question1-Lifeexpectancyintherichestcountriesoftheworldnowexceedsthepoorestbymorethan30years,figuresshow.Thegapiswideningacrosstheworld,withWesterncountriesandthegrowingeconomiesofLatinAmericaandtheFarEastadvancingmorerapidlythanAfricaandthecountriesoftheformerSovietUnion.AveragelifeexpectancyinBritainandsimilarcountriesoftheOECDwas78.8in2000-05,anincreaseofmorethansevenyearssince1970-75andalmost30yearsoverthepastcentury.Insub-SaharanAfrica,lifeexpectancyhasincreasedbyjustfourmonthssince1970,to46.1years.Narrowingthis"healthgap"willinvolvegoingbeyondtheimmediatecausesofdisease—poverty,poorsanitationandinfection—totacklethe"causesofthecauses"—thesocialhierarchiesinwhichpeoplelive,saysthereportpublishedbytheGlobalCommissionontheSocialDeterminantsofHealthestablishedbytheWHOin2005.ProfessorSirMichaelMarmot,chairmanofthecommission,whofirstcoinedtheterm"statussyndrome",saidsocialstatuswasthekeytotacklinghealthinequalitiesworldwide.Inthe1980s,inaseriesofground-breakingstudiesamongWhitehallcivilservants,ProfessorMarmotshowedthattheriskofdeathamongthoseonthelowerrungsofthecareerladderwasfourtimeshigherthanthoseatthetop,andthatthedifferencewaslinkedwiththedegreeofcontroltheindividualshadovertheirlives.Hesaidyesterdaythatthesameruleappliedinpoorercountries.Ifpeopleincreasedtheirstatusandgainedmorecontrolovertheirlivestheyimprovedtheirhealthbecausetheywerelessvulnerabletotheeconomicandenvironmentalthreats."Whenpeoplethinkaboutthoseinpoorcountriestheytendtothinkaboutpoverty,lackofhousing,sanitationandexposuretoinfectiousdisease.Butthereisanotherissue,thesocialgradientinhealthwhichIcalledstatussyndrome.Itisnotjustthoseatthebottomofthehierarchywhohaveworsehealth;itisallthewayalongthescale.Thosesecondfromthebottomhaveworsehealththanthoseabovethembutbetterhealththanthosebelow."Theinterimreportofthecommission,intheonlineeditionofTheLancet,saystheeffectsofstatussyndromeextendfromthebottomtothetopofthehierarchy,withSwedishadultsholdingaPhDhavingalowerdeathratethanthosewithamaster'sdegree.Thestudysays:"Thegradientisaworldwideoccurrence,seenin eand ecountries.Itmeansweareallimplicated."TheresultisthatevenwithinrichcountriessuchasBritaintherearestrikinginequalitiesinexpectancy.ThepoorestmeninGlasgowhavealifeexpectancyof54,lowerthantheaverage.Theanswer,thereportsays,isempowerment,ofindividuals,communitiesandwholecountries."Technicalandmedicalsolutionssuchasmedicalcarearewithoutdoubtnecessary.Buttheyareinsufficient."ProfessorMarmotsaid:"Wetalkaboutthreekindsofempowerment.Ifpeopledon'thavethematerialnecessities,theycannotbeempowered.Thesecondkindispsycho-socialempowerment:morecontrolovertheirlives.Thethirdispoliticalempowerment:havingavoice."Thecommission'sfinalreport,tobepublishedsoon,willidentifytheilleffectsoflowstatusand mendationsforhowtheycanbetackled.InBritainacenturyago,infantmortalityamongtherichwasabout100per1,000livebirthscomparedwith250per1,000amongthepoor.InfantmortalityisstilltwiceashighamongthepoorinBritain,buttherateshavecomedowndramaticallyto7per1,000amongthepoorand3.5amongtherich.ProfessorMarmotsaid:"Wehavemadedramaticprogress,butthisisnotaboutabolishingtherankings,butbyidentifyingtheilleffectsofhierarchieswecanmakehugeimprovement."WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbefoundfromtheLifeexpectancyinLatinAmericaandtheFarEastisincreasingfasterthanInAfrica,lifeexpectancyhadonlyincreasedbyfouryearssince1970to46.1Thereisagapofmorethan30yearsinlifeexpectancybetweentherichestcountriesandthepoorestcountries.Withinrichcountriestherearealsogreatinequalitiesinlifeexpectancybetweentherichandthepoor.Accordingtothepassage,theterm"statussyndrome" wasfirstacceptedbytheWorldHealthOrganisationinwasproposedbyProfessorMarmottodescribesocialisusedtoexposethemajorcausesofhealthisusedtoshowthecorrelationbetweensanitationandAccordingtothepassage,theeffectsofstatussyndrome canonlybefoundfromthoselivingatthebottomoftheusuallyaregreateramongthosefromthelowerarethesameonpeoplefromeachladderofthesocialextenduniversallyfromthebottomtothetopofthesocialProfessorMarmotproposedthat"empowerment"should mainlyincludetechnicalandmedicalbeequaltoaccesstomaterialbematerial,psycho-socialandbethefinalanswertothesocialproblemof"healthWhatcanbeconcludedfromtheHealthinequalityiscloselyrelatedtosocialThe"causesofthecauses"ofhealthgaplieinthedifferencesbetweenrichandpoorSocialrankingshouldbeultimayTherichcountriesshouldgivemoreassistancetopoorcountriestofillthehealthQuestions6-InIdaho'sSnakeRiverValley,wherepotatofarmersdependonelectricpumpstowatertheircrops,thestate'slargestpower hopestostandtraditiononitsheadandprofitbysellingfarmersless,notmore,electricity.Todothat,IdahoPowerisvastlyexpandingitsenergy-efficiencyprogramsfor395,000residentialcustomers,smallbusinesses,andfarmers.Usuallythemorecustomerssave,thelessutilitiesmake.ButunderaninnovativedealwithstateregulatorsinMarch,IdahoPowergetspaidforitsntsandequipmentandboostsprofitsbywinningincentivepaymentsforreducingelectricdemand.It'sanideathatappearstobecatchingonaslegislaturesfretaboutglobalwarmingandutilitiesscrambletomeetrisingdemandwithouttheincreasingharassmentandcostofbuildingnewpowernts.Idahoisamong13stateswhoseregulatorshaveeitheradoptedorproposedmeasuresinthepastyeartodecoupleutilityprofitfromelectricityproduction.Decouplingisadvancingevenfasterfornatural-gasutilities,with25stateseitheradoptingorproposingdecouplingnsinrecentyears."Thiswavetoward'decoupling'isclearlygatheringmomentum,"saysMartinKushleroftheAmericanCouncilforanEnergy-EfficientEconomyinWashington."Morestatesseemtobecallingeveryweektofindoutaboutthis."AlthoughCaliforniapioneeredtheidea25yearsago—andstrengthenedincentivesandpenaltieslastmonth—interestispickingupagainbecauseofglobalwarming,expertssay.Themainideaisthatbyrearrangingtheincentivestructure,regulatorscangiveutilitiesclearincentivestopushenergyefficiencyandconservationwithouthurtingtheirbottomlines.UnderthenewrulesinCalifornia,forexample,electricutilitiescouldmakeasmuchas$150millionextraiftheycanpersuadeCalifornianstosavesome$2billionworthofpower,accordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil."Thisisavitalstepintheglobal-warmingfight,"saysAudreyChang,anNRDCresearcher."Itrepresents,wehope,ahistoricshifttowarddecouplingthatisgoingtohelpbendtheenergydemandcurvedownwards."BesideIdaho,statesthatthisyearadopteddecouplingforsomeorallofitselectricpowerindustryincludeNewYork,Connecticut,andVermont.Atleastnineotherstateshaveseenmajordecouplingproposalsthisyear.IdahoPowerishappythatitskeyfixedcosts—ntsandequipment—arenowseparatedfromvariablecostsofelectricitysalessuchasfuel.Regulatorsannuallyreadjustthosefixedrates—upordown—aumof3percenttoensurethatthe getsnomoreorlessthanithasbeenregulatedtoreceive.Butcustomersshouldbenefit,too,asutilityefficiencyprogramscutenergyuseandenergybills—somethingthe istryinghardtodosoitcanwinabonusifitmeetsorexceedsenergy-cuttinggoals."Beforetherewasalmostadisincentivetogohardatefficiencybecauseweweren'trecoveringourfixedcosts,"saysMikeYoungblood,anystforIdahoPower."Nowtheanticipationisthatwewillrecoverourfixedcost,nomoreorless.Andourcustomerswillseetheirbillgodowniftheyinvestinenergyefficiency."Onekeyreasonutilitiesareoftenwillingtodecoupleorevenleadingproponentsoftheproposalsisbecausethecostsofbuildingapowernthasrisendramatically.A500-megawattcoal-firedntthatcost$1billionjustafewyearsagomightcost$1.5billiontoday,industryexpertssay.Addtothatgrowinguncertaintyaboutfuturecosts.Global-warminglegislationcouldputapriceof$30pertononcarbon-dioxideemissionsfrompowernts.Thatcouldmakecoal,thecheapestpowertoday,morecostly.Anotherfactoristherisingcommunityoppositiontocoal-firedpowerntconstruction.InNorthCarolina,whereregulatorsrecentlyrefusedaDukeEnergyCposaltobuildapowernt,the hasinsteadputforwardacontroversialdecouplingproposal.Thenwouldpaythe tomeetefficiencystandards,althoughconsumeradvocatesandevenenvironmentalgroupsquestionwhetherit'sagooddealforratepayers.Infact,someconsumeradvocateshavemajorreservationsaboutdecouplingoverall."Unfortunay,we'reseeingutilitiestryingtousedecouplingasablankcheck,"saysCharlesAcquard,executivedirectoroftheNationalAssociationofStateUtilityConsumerAdvocatesinSilverSpring,Md."We'renotabsoluyopposedtodecoupling.It'showyoudoitthat'scritical."WhatisthemainideaoftheElectricutilitieslosemoreprofitsfromreducingelectricElectricutilitiesgainmoreprofitsfromincreasingelectricThemoreelectricitycustomerssave,thelessprofitsutilitiesThemoreelectricitycustomerssave,themoreincentivepaymentsutilitiesWhichofthefollowinggivesthebestdefinitionoftheexpression"tostandtraditiononitshead"(para.1)? (B)Togoagainst(C)Tocarryforward (D)TointegrateInthepassage,themeasuresofdecouplingusedinutilityefficiencyprogramsrefertothepracticeof separatingtheutilityprofitsfrompowercombiningfixedcostswithvariablestrengtheningbothincentivesandrearrangingtheincentiveAccordingtothepassage,whenIdahoPowerisbuildingntsandpurchasingequipment,suchfixedcosts willnolongerbetreatedasthecostsofelectricitywillpartiallybecoveredbystatearestilltoberecoveredbythearepaidfromcustomers'electricity therapidlyrisingcostofbuildingpowertheuncertaintyaboutfuturethecommunityoppositiontothebuildingofcoal-firedpowerthereservationsconsumeradvocateshaveaboutenergy-savingHistorically,TV'sinterestin"green"issueshasbeenlimitedtothegreenthatspend:andmakestheworldgoround.(That,andMartians.)Asforenvironmentalism,TViswherepeoplewatchSUVadsonenergy-suckinggiantscreensthatareasthirstyasaBavarianatOktoberfest.Butwiththegreeningofpoliticsandpopculture—fromAlGoretoLeoDiCapriotoHomerandMargeinTheSimpsonsMovie—TVisjumonthebiodiesel-fueledband-wagon.InNovember,NBC(plusBravo,SciFiandothersisterchannels)willrunaweekofgreen-themedepisodes,fromnews s.CBShasaddeda"GoingGreen"segmenttoTheEarlyShow.Foxsaysitwillworkclimatechangeintothenextseasonof24.("Dammit,Chloe,there'snotime!Thepolaricecap'sgoingtomeltin15minutes!")OnH 'sLivingwithEd,actorEdBegleyJr.offerstipsforeco-livingfromhissolar-poweredhouseinStudioCity,Calif.—seehimenergy-auditCherylTiegs!—whileSundanceairsitsaryblock"TheGreen."MTVwillsetTheRealWorld:Hollywoodina"green"house.NextyearDiscoverylaunches24-houreco-lifestylechannelnetGreen,anvalidatedthisspringwhentheeco-minded arynetEarthbecameahugehitforDiscovery."Greenispartof[Discovery's]heritage,"saysnetGreenEileenO'Neill."Butaspopculturewasstartingtorecognizeit,werealizedwecoulddoabetterjobpositioningourselves."Clearlythisisnotallpurealtruism.Thosepopular,energy-stingycompactfluorescentbulbs?NBC'sowner,GeneralElectric,hasmanagedtoselloneortwo."Whenyouhavethembeingamarketleaderandsayingthismakesgoodbusinesssense,peoplelistentothaton[theTV]side,"saysLaurenZalaznick,BravoMedia,whoisheadingNBC'seffort.Andgreenpitchesresonatewithyoungandwell-heeledviewers(thetypewhobuyPriusesand$2-anicapples),twogroupsthenetworksarefondof.NBCisconfidentenoughinitsgreenweek'sappealtoscheduleitinsweeps.It'sanunlikelymarriageofmotives.Ad-supportedTVisaconsumptionmedium:itpersuadesyoutowantandbuystuff.TraditionalhomeshowsaboutrenovatinganddecoratingarecatnipforretailerslikeLowe'sandHomeDepot.Ofcourse,therearegreenalternativestocommonpurchases:renewablewood,EnergyStarappliances,hybridcars.Butsometimesthegreenerchoiceissimplynottobuysomuchjunk—notthefriendliestselltoadvertisers.Thebiggerhurdle,though,maybecreative.HowtheNBCshowswillworkinthemessagesisstillupintheair.(WilltheDealorNoDealbabeswearhempminiskirts?WilltheBionicWomangetwiredforsolar?)Interviewedafterthe24announcement,executiveproducerHowardGordonhedgedabitonFox'sgreenpromises:"It'llprobablybemoreintheprops.Wemightseesomebodydriveahybrid."Willitwork?Greenisanaturalfitoncablelifestyleshowsornewsprograms—thoughenlistinganewsdivisiontodoadvocacyhasitsownissues.Butcommandinga likeTheOfficetoworkinanearnestenvironmentalthemesoundslikethekindofhigh-handedp.r.directivethatmightbesatirizedon,well,TheOffice.EvenBegley—formerlyofSt.Elsewhere—notesthatthemovietownworkedbecauseitkeptthesubplotaboutthewatersupplyinLosAngeleswellinthebackground:"It'sastoryaboutgettingawaywithmurder,andthewaterstoryiswovenin."Ofcourse,inaneraoframpantproductcement,thereareworsethingsthanpersuadingviewerstobuyalesswastefullightbulbbyhangingoneoverJackBauerashetorturesaterrorist.Thegreatestchallenge—forviewersaswellasprogrammers—isnotlettingentertainment easubstituteforaction;makingandwatchingright-mindedshowsisn'tenoughinitself.The2007Emmy,forastart,aimstobecarbonneutral:solarpower,biodieselgenerators,hybridsforthestars,bikesforproductionassistants—thoughtheAcademycancelledFox'sideatochangetheredcarpet,nokidding,togreen.ThemostpotentmessagemaybeseeingHollywoodwalkthewalk,inatowninwhichpeopleprefertodrive.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotserveastheexampletosupportthestatement"TVisjumonthebiodiesel-fueledbandwagon"(para.2)?MTV:TheRealWorld:Hollywoodwillbesetina"green"NBC:TheprogramoftheDealorNoDealwill NBC:Aweekofgreen-themedepisodesisbeingCBS:A"GoingGreen"programhasbeenaddedtoTheEarlyBystatingthat"Clearlythisisnotallpurealtruism."(para.4),theauthor highly (B)somewhat(C)ironicand (D)subjectiveandWhydoestheauthormentioninparagraph4thetwogroupsthenetworksarefondTheyarethemaintargetoftheconsumptionTheyaretheadvocatesofgreenTheyaremostrepresentativeoftoday'sTheyareyoungadultsandseniorWhichofthefollowingbestexinsthesentence"It'sanunlikelymarriageofmotives."(para.Ad-supportedTVhasconsistentThemaintargetofad-supportedTVistopersuadeviewerstobuyIt'simpossibleforTVtoreadjustitsopposingIt'squitedifficultforTVtointegrateitsItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat"productcement"(para.8)isakind commodity (B)disyof(C)indirect (D)directpromotionQuestions16-Militaryvictories,trade,missionaryzeal,racialarroganceandageniusforbureaucracyallyedwell-edrolesinmakingtheBritishEmpirethelargesttheworldhasknown.Ratherlesswellunderstoodwastheimportanceofthemoustache.Amonumentalnewhistory,TheDeclineandFalloftheBritishEmpirebyPiersBrendon,promisestorestorethisneglectednarrativetoitsrightfulceinthenationalstory.DrBrendon,aFellowofChurchillCollege,CambridgeUniversity,arguesthatcolonialmoustacheshadaclearpracticalpurpose:todemonstratevirilityandintimidatetheEmpire'ssubjectpeoples.ThewaxingandwaningoftheBritishmoustachepreciselymirroredthefortunesoftheEmpire—bloomingbeneaththenosesoftheEast 'sofficers,findingfullexpressioninLordKitchener'sbushyappendageandfadingoutwiththeSuezcrisisinAnthonyEden'sapologeticwisps.Thisysisofthe"growthofthestiffupperlip"isanessentialstrandofDrBrendon'sepic650political,cultural,economicandsocialhistoryoftheEmpire,whichispublishedonOctober18."Itisarunninggaginaseriousbook,butitdoesgiveoneapointofreference,"hesaidyesterday.Inthe18thandearly19thcentury,sophisticatedBritonsworewigsbutspurnedfacialhair.TheexceptionwastheKing,GeorgeIII,whoseunshavenappearancewasmockedasasignofhismadness.However,bythe1830sthe"moustachemovement"wasintheascendancy.Britishofficers,copyingtheimpressivemoustachesthattheyencounteredonFrenchandSpanishsoldiersduringtheNapoleonicWars,startedthecraze,buttherealimpetuscameform.JustasBritishtroopsinAfghanistantodayareencouragedtogrowbeardstoeasetheirdealingswithlocaltribesmen,sotheattitudesofntroopsunderthecommandofEastofficersinthefirsthalfofthe19thcenturyalteredtheappearanceoftheBritishsoldier."Forthensepoythemoustachewasasymbolofvirility.TheylaughedattheunshavenBritishofficers,"DrBrendonsaid.In1854moustachesweremadecompulsoryforthe 'sBombayregiment.ThefashiontookBritainbystormasciviliansimitatedtheirheroes.DrBrendonwrites:"DuringandaftertheCrimeanWar,barbersadvertiseddifferentpatternsintheirwindowssuchasthe'Raglan'andtheCardigan'."Moustacheswereclipped,trimmedandwaxed"untiltheycurvedlikesabresandbristledlikebayonets".After1918moustachesbecamethinnerandhumblerastheEmpirebegantogaspforbreath,evenasit toexpandterritorially.Ithadbeenfatallywounded,DrBrendonsuggests,bytheverybeliefinthedomthatithadpreached.AfterthevictoryoverGermanyandJapanin1945,independencemovementsacrossthered-paintedsectionsoftheworldmap,andBritain'sownurgentdomesticpriorities,meantthattheEmpirewasdoomed.Themoustachetoowasinterminaldecline."Ithad eajokethanksto andGrouchoMarx.Ithad eaninternationalsymbolof'villainy'thankstoHitler'stoothbrush,writesDrBrendon.InBritainitwasalsosynonymouswiththe"ColonelBlimps"clingingtoanoutmodedideaofcolonialgreatness.InEden'sfaintmoustacheBritain'sdiminishedinternationalstatusfoundafittingsymbol.ItallbutdisappearedonTVand,momentsbeforehisbroadcastontheeveofthefatefuloccupationoftheSuezCin1956,hiswifehadtoblackenthebristleswithmascara.Hissuccessor,HaroldMacmillan,wasthelastBritishPrimeMinistertofurnishhisupperlip.HaroldWilson,theself-styledmanofthepeople,hadbeencleanshavensincethe1940s,DrBrendonnotes."Heobviouslybelievedthatthewhitehottechnologicalrevolutionwasnottobeoperatedwithamoustache."ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheBritishmoustache hasbeenwelledinthehistoryoftheBritishhaslongbeenconsideredsignificantintheformationandexpansionoftheBritishhasoftenbeenridiculedinthecolonialhistoryoftheUnitedhaslongbeenignoredandconsideredinsignificantinthemakingoftheBritishTheword"virility"inthesentence"thatcolonialmoustacheshadaclearpracticalpurpose:todemonstratevirilityandintimidatetheEmpire'ssubjectpeoples"(para.2)canbestbeinterpretedas (B)(C) (D)Accordingtothepassage,theCrimeanWarwhichwitnessedthedevelopmentofdifferentpatternsoftheBritishmoustachewasfought intheearly19th (B)inthe18th(C)inthemiddleofthe19th (D)inthelate18thItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatfromthe1950stothe1960s,thethreestatesmenheldthepostofBritishPrimeMinisterbytheorderof HaroldWilson,AnthonyEdenandHaroldAnthonyEden,HaroldWilsonandHaroldAnthonyEden,HaroldMacmillanandHaroldHaroldMacmillan,AnthonyEdenandHaroldWhichofthefollowingCANNOTbetrueaccordingtotheDrBrendonpointsoutthatcolonialmoustachesarethedecidingfactorwhichledtodownfalloftheBritishDrBrendonhasmadeitclearthatthehistoryofcolonialmoustachesreflectsfromoneanglethedeclineoftheBritishEmpire.DrBrendonhastriedtorestoretheroleofcolonialmoustachesinthehistoryoftheBritishDrBrendonhasmadeadetailedstudyoftheriseanddeclineoftheBritishmoustacheinthepastcenturies.SECTION3:TRANSLATIONTEST(30Directions:Translatethefollowingpassageinto andwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Whattoday'sglobalmarketeconomyteachesmanyofuswhoareinvolvedinpoliticallifeisthatevenwhentheyareinconvenient,thelawsofeconomics,likethelawsofphysics,cannotberepealedfortheconvenienceofernments.Theeconomicprinciplesfornationalsuccessareasdifficulttoimplementastheyareeasytostate.Thereisaparadoxinallourcountries.Justasanewglobaleconomycreatesmoretolookforwardtothaneverbefore,italsobringsmoreuncertaintyandmorechangetoworryaboutthaneverbefore.Thatiswhythechallengeofcraftingeconomyinyourcountryasinmineisoneofbalance.Abalancebetweenmovingtowardnecessaryobjectivesandmaintainingstability.Abalancebetweenrespondingtoglobalrealitiesandupholdingdomestictraditions.Andabalancebetweenthevirtuesofcompetitionasthebestknownmotivatoranddriverofsuccess,andtheimportanceofcohesionandcooperationassourcesofstrengthforoursocieties.Thesebalanceswillhavetobestruckandcalibratedeveryyearineverycountryinthisnewglobaleconomy.Ifonelooksatthesuccessoverthelongtermoftheeconomyinanydevelopedcountry,morethananyscientificinnovation,whathasbeenimportantisapotentsocialinnovation.Thisiswhatonemightcalltheintangibleinfrastructureofamodernmarketeconomy.SECTION4:LISTENINGTEST(30PartA:Note-takingandGap-Directions:Inthispartofthetestyouwillhearashorttalk.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Whilelisteningtothetalk,youmaytakenotesontheimportantpointssothatyoucanhaveenoughinformationtocompleteagap-fillingtaskonaseparateANSWERBOOKLET.YouwillnotgetyourTESTBOOKandANSWERBOOKLETuntilafteryouhavelistenedtothetalk.AccordingtotraditionalCherokeebeliefs,wearepartof (1).Wedon't withitandwe'renottryingto (3)it.WeareapartoftheGreatLife.AndwithintheGreatLife,therearethreegreatLawsofNature,whichlushowwehavetolivein (4)witheverythingelse.TheFirstLawofNatureisthatyoudon'ttakeanylifewithoutreal (5).Soweshouldn't (6)needlessly.Webelieveeverythingisalive,includinganimals,ntsand (7).Andsotous,takingthelifeof