计算机网络管理应用技术

计算机网络管理应用技术ComputerNetworkManagementApplicationTechnology张沪寅

1/81第1页，共81页。CourseContentsInstallingSNMPAgentAsimpleSNMPdemo:MibbrowserBasicNetworkknowledgeSocketProgrammingSNMP&BasicEncodingRulesImplementationofSNMP:lowlevelsocketImplementationofSNMP:usingJavaAPIsCiscoWorks2000application2/81第2页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgentInstallingSNMPAgent(windowXPplatform)3/81第3页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgentSNMPManager&SNMPAgent4/81第4页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent5/81第5页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent6/81第6页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgentSelecttheunderlineditemandclick“next”7/81第7页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent8/81第8页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent9/81第9页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent10/81第10页，共81页。InstallingSNMPAgent11/81第11页，共81页。MIBfiles:c:\windows\system3212/81第12页，共81页。MibbrowserDemoMibbrowserDemo13/81第13页，共81页。MibbrowserDownloadDownloadWebsite：

2componentsincluded:SnmpDisignStudio(30daystrial)MibbrowserJREisneededJDK1.5released

/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp14/81第14页，共81页。MibbrowserDemoLoad/UnloadModulesExploreMIBelementsGet-requestGet-nextSet-requestGet-bulkShowinTableShowinLine15/81第15页，共81页。AnexampleofreceivingpacketsQQingWebpagesDownloadingSNMPpackets16/81第16页，共81页。BasicNetworkKnowledgeBasicNetworkKnowledge17/81第17页，共81页。Preparation:

BasicNetworkKnowledgeTCP/IPvs.ISO/OSIIEEE802.3vs.EthernetIIIPpacketformatTCPvs.UDP18/81第18页，共81页。TCP/IPlayers&Applications19/81第19页，共81页。IEEE802.3&EthernetII20/81第20页，共81页。IPPacketFormat21/81第21页，共81页。TCPvs.UDPTCP(TransportControlProtocol)Aconnection-orientedprotocolProvidesareliableflowofdatabetweentwo computersExampleapplications:HTTPFTPTelnet22/81第22页，共81页。TCPvs.UDPUDP(UserDatagramProtocol)Aprotocolthatsendsindependentpacketsofdata,calleddatagrams,fromonecomputertoanotherWithoutguaranteesaboutarrivalExampleApplications:ClockServerSNMPRTP23/81第23页，共81页。SocketProgrammingSocketProgramming24/81第24页，共81页。SocketProgramming:SocketSocketsprovideaninterfaceforprogrammingnetworksatthetransportlayer.Socket=IPAddress+PortNetworkcommunicationusingSocketsisverymuchsimilartoperformingfileI/OSocket-basedcommunicationisprogramminglanguageindependent.25/81第25页，共81页。SocketProgramming:PortTheTCPandUDPprotocolsuseportstomapincomingdatatoaparticularprocessrunningonacomputer.26/81第26页，共81页。SocketProgramming:PortPortisrepresentedbyapositive(16-bit)integervalueSomeportshavebeenreservedtosupportcommon/wellknownservices:ftp 21/tcptelnet 23/tcpsmtp 25/tcppop3 110/tcpUserlevelprocess/servicesgenerallyuseportnumbervalue>=102427/81第27页，共81页。SocketTypesStreamingSocketDatagramSocketRawSocket28/81第28页，共81页。SocketProgramming:TCPSocketClientSocket,ServerSocket,NewSocket29/81第29页，共81页。SocketProgramming:UDPSocketDatagramSocket,DatagramPacket,InetAddress(Address+Port)30/81第30页，共81页。SocketProgramming:

AnExampleforJavaUDPSocket//Sender

byte[]buffSend=newbyte[1024];StringstrHello=“Hellobaby!”;buffSend=strHello.getBytes();InetSocketAddressaddr=newInetSocketAddress(“2",1978);DatagramPacketpack=newDatagramPacket (buffSend,0,buffSend.length,addr);DatagramSocketsockSend=newDatagramSocket();sockSend.send(pack);31/81第31页，共81页。SocketProgramming:

AnExampleforJavaUDPSocket//ReceiverDatagramSocketsockRcv=newDatagramSocket(1978);byte[]buffRcv=newbyte[1024];DatagramPacketpack=newDatagramPacket(buffRcv,buffRcv.length);sockRcv.receive(pack);//blockingprocessbuffRcvproperly32/81第32页，共81页。SNMP&BasicEncodingRulesSNMP&BasicEncodingRules33/81第33页，共81页。SNMPPDUSNMPPDU0—Get;1—Get-next;2—Get-response;3—Set-request;4—Trap34/81第34页，共81页。SNMPPDUinRFC1157Message::=SEQUENCE{

versionINTEGER{version-1(0)},

communityOCTETSTRING,

dataANY

}PDU::=CHOICE{

get-requestGetRequest-PDU,

get-next-requestGetNextRequest-PDU,

get-responseGetResponse-PDU,

set-requestSetRequest-PDU,

trapTrap-PDU}35/81第35页，共81页。SNMPPDUinRFC1157GetRequest-PDU ::=[0]IMPLICITPDUGetNextRequest-PDU ::=[1]IMPLICITPDUGetResponse-PDU ::=[2]IMPLICITPDUSetRequest-PDU ::=[3]IMPLICITPDUPDU::=SEQUENCE{

request-idINTEGER,

error-statusINTEGER{noError(0),tooBig(1), noSuchName(2),badValue(3),readOnly(4), genError(5)},

error-indexINTEGER,

variable-bindingVarBinList}36/81第36页，共81页。SNMPPDUinRFC1157VarBinList::=SEQUENCEOFVarBinVarBin::=SEQUENCE{

nameObjectName,

valueObjectSyntax

}37/81第37页，共81页。SNMPPDUstructure38/81第38页，共81页。BasicEncodingRulesBER:type+length+valuecommontypecodes:30—SEQUENCE02—INTEGER05—NULL04—STRING06—OBJECTIDENTIFIER39/81第39页，共81页。ImplementationofSNMP:

LowLevelSocketImplementation ofSNMP:

LowLevelSocket40/81第40页，共81页。DatagramcontentExampleparameter:operate:get-request (0xA0) get-next (0xA1) set-request (0xA2)community:“bearread”mib: system.sysContact(.) system.sysName(.) system.sysLocation(.)41/81第41页，共81页。DatagramContent1(0)“bearread”get(0xA0)00.42/81第42页，共81页。SNMPpacketcontent30 28//sequencelength=0x2802 01 00//version=1(0x00)04 08 62 65 61 72 72 65 61 64

//community="bearread"

A0//Get19 02 01 1B//ID

02 01 00//差错状态

02 01 00//差错索引

30 0E

30 0C

06 08 2B 06 01 02 01 01 04 00

05 0043/81第43页，共81页。SNMPsocketDemoinJava44/81第44页，共81页。SNMPResponsepacket30 46 2 1 0 4 8 62 65 61 72 72 65 61 64 a2 37 2 1 1b 2 1 0 2 1 0 30 2c 30 2a 6 8 2b 6 1 2 1 1 4 0 4 1e 42 65 61 72 20 28 78 71 73 63 6f 72 70 69 6f 6e 40 79 61 68 6f 6f 2e 63 6f 6d 2e 63 6e 2945/81第45页，共81页。EthernetIIPrintScreen(QQing)46/81第46页，共81页。IEEE802.3PrintScreen(Unknown)47/81第47页，共81页。GetrequestpacketPrintScreen48/81第48页，共81页。GetrequestpacketPrintScreenEthernetIIIPHeaderUDPHeader49/81第49页，共81页。GetrequestpacketPrintScreenSequenceofVersionCommunityGetIDErrorStatusErrorIndexSequenceof..0null50/81第50页，共81页。GetresponsepacketPrintScreen51/81第51页，共81页。GetresponsepacketPrintScreenEthernetIIIPHeaderUDPHeader52/81第52页，共81页。GetresponsepacketPrintScreensequenceofversioncommunityresponseIDErrorStatus,ErrorIndexsequenceof..0cisco295053/81第53页，共81页。ImplementationofSnmp:

UsingJavaAPIsImplementation ofSNMP:

UsingJavaAPIs(MibSample&SNMPSample)54/81第54页，共81页。MibSampleEmployedclasses:MibOperations:providesthemethodsnecessarytoloadandunloadMIBmodulesinthemanagementapplicationsandapplets.MibModule:representsaMIBmodule,andenablesoperationsonMIBmodulesloadedfromMIBfiles.MibNode:representsaMIBnodeintheMIBmoduletree.Usingthemethodsavailableinthisclass,wecangettheNodeinformationofdifferentMacroTypes.55/81第55页，共81页。KeyMethodsObjective:ListallMIBnodesinfile:mib_ii.mib.KeyMethods:mibModule=mibOp.loadMibModule("c:/mib_ii.mib");mibNode=mibModule.getRootNode();Vectorv=node.getChildList();node.toString();node.getNumberedOIDString();56/81第56页，共81页。RecursivelyExploringtheNodesprintNodes(MibNodenode){ showcurrentnode’sinformation; getallthechildrenofcurrentnode; foreachchildnodedo printNodes(childNode)}57/81第57页，共81页。SNMPSampleEmployedClasses:SnmpApi:athreadwhichmonitorsSNMPsessionsandcontainsvariousSNMPparameters.SnmpSession:getsasocketforSNMPcommunication.SnmpPDU:setsvariousparameters,suchasremotehost,remoteport,version,community,retries,timeouts,etc.58/81第58页，共81页。SNMPSampleEmployedClasses:SnmpApi:athreadwhichmonitorsSNMPsessionsandcontainsvariousSNMPparameters.SnmpSession:getsasocketforSNMPcommunication.SnmpPDU:setsvariousparameters,suchasremotehost,remoteport,version,community,retries,timeouts,etc.59/81第59页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

CiscoWorksforWindows是一个全面的基于web的网络管理解决方案，它主要应用于中小型的企业网。它提供了一套强大的监控和配置工具，用于管理基于Cisco的交换机、路由器、集线器等设备。

60/81第60页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

一、CiscoWorks2000系统的登录

1.从服务器上登录

2.从远程客户端登录61/81第61页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

62/81第62页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application二、用户账号的管理

CiscoWorksforWindows提供以下3种类型的用户账号：

guest（以只读方式访问）

operator（允许配置设备）

admin（超级用户）63/81第63页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

1.用CiscoWorksforwindowsdesktop进行账号管理在客户机上远程登录到安装了CiscoWorksforWindows服务器上，使用CiscoWorksforwindowsdesktop可进行账号管理。点击“Tasks”文件夹下的“UserAdministration”，系统会出现用户账号管理界面，见下一幻灯片。然后，按照提示操作步骤可增加一个用户账号和分配相应的权限。64/81第64页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

65/81第65页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

66/81第66页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application2．用WhatsUpGold进行账号管理在服务器端，则用WhatsUpGold进行账号管理。首先在任务栏上单击“开始”按钮，选择“程序”菜单，让光标指向CiscoWorksforWindows6.1，单击WebServer，就可启动CWW的WebServer。然后在CiscoWorksforWindows主界面中点击WhatsUpGlod选项，则出现WhatsUpGlod用户操作界面，见下一页。点击“WebServer…”进入帐号管理操作界面。接下来，按照提示操作即可增加一个用户账号和相应的权限（其中zhy是增加的一个账号）。67/81第67页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

68/81第68页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

69/81第69页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application三、WhatsUpGold的使用

WhatsUpGold是一种基于简单网络管理协议（SNMP）的图形化网络管理工具，可以通过网络拓扑结构图同时监视多个设备，具有网络搜索、映射、监测和警报追踪的功能，用户界面。70/81第70页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application

71/81第71页，共81页。CiscoWorks2000application选择NewMapWizard命令后，它会自动搜索所要显示的网段的网络拓扑图，见下图，该图显示从本机所搜索到的当前网络的拓扑结构；其中表示网络中的交换机，和分别表示网络中的两个网段，绿色代表有权管理的网段，深灰色代表无权管理的网段。双击网段，将展开如图7.8所示的网段各主机结构图，从中可以看出该网端中各主机的状态。双击某一主机图标，可以