2015年英语高考试题及答案解析-全国卷2

2015·全国卷Ⅱ(英语)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whattimeisitnow?A．9：10.B．9：50.C．10：00.2．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweather?A．It'snice.B．It'swarm.C．It'scold.3．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatwillthemando?A．Attendameeting.B．Givealecture.C．Leavehisoffice.4．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutthecourse?A．Toohard.B．Worthtaking.C．Veryeasy.5．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．Speaklouder.B．Apologizetoher.C．Turnofftheradio.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]HowlongdidMichaelstayinChina?A．Fivedays.B．Oneweek.C．Twoweeks.7．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]WheredidMichaelgolastyear?A．Russia.B．Norway.C．India.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]WhatfooddoesSallylike?A．Chicken.B．Fish.C．Eggs.9．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A．Cookdinner.B．Goshopping.C．Orderdishes.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Wherearethespeakers?A．Inahospital.B．Intheoffice.C．Athome.11．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whenisthereportdue?A．Thursday.B．Friday.C．NextMonday.12．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]WhatdoesGeorgesuggestStephaniedowiththereport?A．Improveit.B．Handitinlater.C．Leaveitwithhim.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Salespersonandcustomer.B．Homeownerandcleaner.C．Husbandandwife.14．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer?A．Onewithtwobedrooms.B．Onewithoutfurniture.C．Onenearamarket.15．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheone­bedroomapartment?A．$350.B．$400.C．$415.16．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee?A．OnLakeStreet.B．OnMarketStreet.C．OnSouthStreet.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatpercentageoftheworld'steaexportsgotoBritain?A．Almost15%.B．About30%.C．Over40%.18．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whydoteatastertasteteawithmilk?A．MostBritishpeopledrinkteathatway.B．Teatastesmuchbetterwithmilk.C．Teawithmilkishealthy.19．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whosuggestsapriceforeachtea?A．Teatasters.B．Teaexporters.C．Teacompanies.20．[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A．Thelifeofteatasters.B．AfternoonteainBritain.26．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________．A．digestfoodbetterB．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecaloriesD．regaintheirappetites27．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A．Eatquickly.B．Playfastmusic.C．Usesmallerspoons.D．Turndownthelights.28．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Isyourhousemakingyoufat?B．WaysofservingdinnerC．Effectsofself­consciousnessD．Isyourhomeenvironmentrelaxing?【要点综述】当你在家里吃饭的时候，你是不是担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境包括窗帘和灯的亮度，墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等，都可以影响你的饮食，也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里。25.B细节理解题。根据文章的第一段的内容可知，你家的房子可能会影响你的身材。专家说你的房子的设计在使你变胖或者变瘦中发挥着作用。下文几个段落中提到的各种建议，都是关于如何不变胖的，因此B项“体型”与文章的主要内容相符。26.B细节理解题。根据文章的第三段中的“…peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，在蓝色的屋子里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的屋子里少吃33%的食物。因此B项“减少食物摄入量”的说法是正确的。27.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.”可知，进餐时选择大的汤匙要比小的汤匙多吃14%的食物，因此建议使用小的汤匙。28.A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了房子的设计布局，房子中的环境，比如亮度、墙壁的颜色，吃饭的时候使用的器皿大小以及吃饭的速度，都影响着一个人的身材。因此阐述了房子与一个人肥胖的关系，A项正确。C5[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]CMorestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap­yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25，310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS)．Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.“Studentswhotakeawell­plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible，”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship—youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15，000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiods，”hesaid.29.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A．Itisflexibleinlength.B．Itisatimeforrelaxation.C．Itisincreasinglypopular.D．Itisrequiredbyuniversities.30.AccordingtoTonyHiggins，studentstakingagapyear________．A．arebetterpreparedforcollegestudiesB．knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobsC．aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD．haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities31.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap­yearphenomenon?A．He'spuzzled.B．He'sworried.C．He'ssurprised.D．He'sannoyed.32.WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A．Attendadditionalcourses.B．Makeplansforthenewterm.C．Earnmoneyfortheireducation.D．Preparefortheirgraduatestudies.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了越来越多的学生们在上大学之前采取了“间隔年”的方式，即推迟上大学的时间，在此期间挣钱赚取上学的学费等，以及人们对于这种做法的赞成和反对的观点。29.C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第三段的第一句可知，采取“间隔年”的学生的人数在不断增加，说明了它越来越受学生们的欢迎，所以选C项。30.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Studentswhotakeawell­plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.”可知采取“间隔年”的学生们对于所选择的课程更加满意，更有可能完成这些课程，故A项正确。31.B推理判断题。最后一段的“evidenceofstudenthardship(学生们的艰难)”和“youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation(学生们被迫在完成教育之前挣钱)”，说明了OwainJames对此现象的担心，故B项正确。32.C细节理解题。根据最后一段的“NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiods…”可知C项正确。C4[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]DChooseyourone­daytours!TourA—Bath&StonehengeincludingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsandStonehenge—￡37until26Marchand￡39thereafter.Visitthecitywithover2，000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey，theRoyalCrescentandtheCostumeMuseum.Stonehengeisoneoftheworld'smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover5，000years.TourB—Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary'sChurchTowerandAnneHathaway'shouse—￡32until12Marchand￡36thereafter.Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland'soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires(尖顶)”fromStMary'sChurchTower.Stratford:IncludesaguidedtourexploringmuchoftheShakespearewonder.TourC—WindsorCastle&HamptonCourtincludingentrancefeestoHamptonCourtPalace—￡34until11Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonCourt,HenryⅧ'sfavouritepalace.FreetimetovisitWindsorCastle(entrancefeesnotincluded).With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicasamajortouristattraction.Visitthepalaceanditsvarioushistoricgardens,whichincludethefamousmaze(迷宫)whereitiseasytogetlost!TourD—CambridgeincludingentrancefeestotheTowerofSaintMarytheGreat—￡33until18Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofCambridge,thefamousuniversitytown,andthegardensofthe18thcentury.33．WhichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttoseeEngland'soldestuniversitycity?A．TourA.B．TourB.C．TourC.D．TourD.34．Whichofthefollowingtourschargesthelowestfeeon17March?A．WindsorCastle&HamptonCourt.B．Oxford&Stratford.C．Bath&Stonehenge.D．Cambridge.35．WhyisHamptonCourtamajortouristattraction?A．Itusedtobethehomeofroyalfamilies.B．Itusedtobeawell­knownmaze.C．ItistheoldestpalaceinBritain.D．Itisaworld­famouscastle.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了在伦敦进行一日游的四种安排，包括线路、时间、费用以及旅游途中的景点，是否有导游陪伴讲解等内容。33.B细节理解题。根据题干中的seeEngland'soldestuniversitycity，再根据TourB中Oxford部分的“IncludesaguidedtourofEngland'soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.”可知B项正确。34.D细节理解题。题目中的核心信息是3月17日费用最少的线路，对比四个旅游景点在3月17日的收费：TourA:￡37;TourB:￡36;TourC:￡37;TourD:￡33，由此可知TourD收费最低，故选D。35.A细节理解题。根据TourC中的“HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.”可知，汉普顿宫曾经是四个国王和一个王后的宫殿，因此成了主要的旅游景点。故A项正确。第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。J1[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.__36__，buythebest­fitting，best­builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet，soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodouble­checkthefit.__37__．Asalways，youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.__38__，itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.__39__．Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.__40__．Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.A．AftersixdaysB．ForagoodmarathonrunnerC．BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD．Witheachday，increasethedistancebyahalfmileE．Iftheystillfeelgood，youcanbeginrunninginthemF．TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG．Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime【要点综述】本文主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。36.C考查上下文的语境理解。该空后面提供的语境“…buythebest­fitting,best­builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.”说明这是为了跑马拉松进行的准备工作，这件事应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，与“beforeyoubeginyourtraining”有关。故选C。37.E考查上下文的语境理解。根据该空前面提供的语境“Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble­checkthefit.”可知E选项中they指的是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致性，另外feelgood与thefit有关。穿着合适的鞋再进行跑步训练与E中的“youcanbeginrunninginthem”一致。38.A考查上下文的语境理解。根据该空前面提供的语境“Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.”可知这里提到了一周即七天的时间，再根据空格后面的“itiswisetotakeadayofftorest”可知剩余的就是六天的时间，与A项意思一致。39.D考查上下文的语境理解。该空前面提供的语境“Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.”与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义相符。40.G考查上下文的语境理解。此句的前两句提到了逐日增加跑步的长度，两周后开始计时，与G中的“improvingdistanceandtime(提高你的距离和时间)”有关。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。B1[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend？Atutor？Theseareall__41__placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant__42__somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe__43__ofseeingthisfirsthandona__44__．Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__45__atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__46__experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__47__trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her__48__didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I__49__seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,__50__stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe__51__betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey__52__fortheirSundaygame,theywere__53__different.Theyhadbeguntointegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad__54__thedaybeforeintotheir__55__．Theyplayedaggressivelyand__56__scoredagoal.It__57__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__58__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.__59__isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe__60__whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.41．A.publicB．traditionalC．officialD．special42．A.passesB．worksC．liesD．ends43．A.dreamB．ideaC．habitD．chance44．A.tripB．holidayC．weekendD．square45．A.wonB．enteredC．organizedD．watched46．A.painfulB．strangeC．commonD．practical47．A.lessB．poorlyC．newlyD．better48．A.fansB．tutorsC．classD．team49.A．imaginedB．hatedC．avoidedD．missed50．A.ifB．orC．butD．as51.A．girlsB．parentsC．coachesD．viewers52.A．dressedB．showedupC．madeupD．planned53.A．slightlyB．hardlyC．basicallyD．completely54．A.seenB．knownC．heardD．read55．A.stylesB．trainingC．gameD．rules56.A．evenB．stillC．seldomD．again57.A．confusedB．struckC．remindedD．warned58.A．touchingB．thinkingC．encouragingD．learning59.A．ExperienceB．IndependenceC．CuriosityD．Interest60．A.harmfultoB．mixedwithC．differentfromD．appliedto【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。一次作者看到女儿所在的足球队在和强大的对手比赛的时候失败了，但是这些女孩子们把在比赛中的教训融合到了第二天的比赛中，终于得分了，作者通过这件事认识到亲身经历是最好的老师。41.B联系空前的“School?Afriend?Atutor？”我们知道这些都是传统的学习的地方。public公共的；official官方的；special特殊的。42.C根据空格后面的“somewhereelseinstead”可知，你所想要学习的就位于某个其他的地方。43.D结合空格后面的“seeingthisfirsthand”可知是作者曾经有一次亲眼看到这种情景的机会。44.C根据下文中的“Saturday”和“betweenSaturdayandSunday”这些信息可知，女儿是在周末踢球。45.B根据空格后面提供的“atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams”可知只有技术好的队才能加入锦标赛。46.A结合空格后面提供的信息“astheyplayedagainstteams…trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her…didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.”可知她们周末对抗的对手是一些强队，她们总是输，因此这给她们带来了一些痛苦的经历。47.D见上一题解析。48.D根据空格后面的“didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal(没有得到过一次真正的射门分数)”可知此处指作者女儿所在的队。49.B根据下文的“playingherbest，…stilldefeated”可知作者不愿意看到女儿尽全力踢球却最后仍然失败的情景。50.C根据前面的“playingherbest”和后面的“defeated”可知，虽然尽力了，但还是失败了，这里是一种转折的关系。51.A根据第二段的第一句中的“daughter”可知，这是女子足球队，因此这里指那些女孩子们。52.B结合空格后面的“fortheirSundaygame”可知此处指她们在周日比赛出场的时候。53.D结合上下文的语境，尤其是上文的“somethingclickedwiththe…”可知好像这些女孩子们突然领悟了什么，这次她们出场的时候，完全不一样了。54.A结合空格前面的“Theyhadbeguntointegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad…”和后面的信息“thedaybefore”可知作者的女儿所在的队把昨天她们看到的与今天的比赛融合。55.C根据上文提到的“theirSundaygame”，我们知道她们把从对方那里学到的与今天的比赛融合。style风格；training训练；rule规则。56.A结合空格前面的“Theyplayedaggressively…”可知，她们积极地比赛，甚至得分了。57.B这里是一个固定的句型：Itstrikessbthat…(某人突然想起……)，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。58.D本文主要谈论的是学习，我们知道作者认为和其他强队进行比赛，是这些女孩子们学习的良机。59.A与上文的“playingagainsttheotherteam”呼应，作者认为和强队进行比赛，这种经历是最好的老师。60.C结合空格前面的“Thelessonstheylearned…”和空格后面的“whattheywouldhavegotteninschool”可知，她们学到的经验与她们在学校中学到的东西没有什么不同。第Ⅱ卷第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。J2[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]Theadobedwellings(土坯房)61.________(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven62.________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir63.________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout64.________(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat65.________(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough66.________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;67.________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle68.________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As69.________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly70.________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.[解析]61.builtbuild与前面的theadobedwellings构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。62.the空格后面的most是形容词最高级，故前面使用the。63.ability结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。64.using结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.­ing的形式。65.slowly根据空格前面的giveoutthatheat和后面的duringcoolnights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语giveout。66.tocool结合空格前面的coldenough可知后面使用不定式形式，构成“be＋adj.enoughtodosth”的句型。67.at此处是一个固定词组。atthesametime与此同时。68.goes此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。Thecycle的谓语动词用单数，且为一般现在时。69.natural结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，因此填natural。70.how根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how，引导宾语从句，作figuredout的宾语。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)E1[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(eq\a\vs4\al())划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcentrewithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater，Tonysawparents.Mumsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain！Dadand