2015职称英语考前冲刺第8讲

典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLongEarthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There’smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth’sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylong典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLongPeopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themorethe netwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears—andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

Paragraph2 典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLongMostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesinthenet’senvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigherForexample:Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda“fastfeedback”.

Paragraph3 典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocesses yedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changetheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃—fora6℃totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

Paragraph5 典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocesses yedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changetheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃—fora6℃totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong icehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin sunlighttoreach Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionby yzing fossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor

averylongrecordedrapidexaggerationoftheextratheexposedpreviouslypublished典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLongEarthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There’smorecarbonintheairandArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth’sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.提示:第一题判断答案的依据

Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingfast averylongrecordedrapidexaggerationoftheextratheexposedpreviouslypublished典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong3Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesinthe net’senvironmentcouldnudge(推动globalwarmingevenhigherForexample:Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomeltThistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda“fastfeedback”.

enablessunlightto A.averylongrapidexaggerationoftheextratheexposedpreviouslypublished典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocesses outoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃—fora6℃totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

A.averylongC.rapidexaggerationofD.theextra典型考题分析：2014年理工A/BClimateChangeTheLong5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocesses yedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreechangebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃—fora6℃totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

Afterfossilfuelsareusedglobalwarmingwillcontinue A.averylongC.rapidexaggerationofD.theextra典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedMostpeopleshakehandsandmakeeyecontactwhentheymeetpeopleforthefirsttime.Amongverygoodfriends,awomanmaygiveanotherwomanalittlehug,andamanmaykissawomanquicklyonthecheek.Malesdon'tusuallyhugoneanother;however,thisischanging.Menusuallyshakehandswiththerighthand.Sometimestheyusethelefthandtoeithercoverthehandshakeorlightlyholdtheother 'sarm.Thisshowsgreaterwarmthandfriendship.Mostpeoplewaveoorgood-byebyextendingthearm,palmfacingoutward,andtwistingthehandatthewrist.Anotherwayistoraisethearm,palmoutward,andmovethewholearmandhandbackandforth.Thisisimportanttoknowbecauseinmanyothercountries,thesamemovementsmeanWhenpeoplearewaitinginapublicce,suchasthepostoffice,theyusuallyformlines.Somepeoplegetangryandcominifsomeonepushestheirwayintoalineorjumpsaheadofotherpeople.Moreover,manywomenlikementoopendoorsforthem.Theyalsolikementogiveuptheirseatsonpublictransportation.However,somewomendonotlikethistypeofbehavior.Theyfeelthatmenandwomenshouldbetreatedinthesameway.典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedIntheUnitedStates,it’simportanttomakedirecteyecontactinbusinessandsocialsituations.Ifyoudon’tmakeeyecontact,peoplewillprobablythinkthatyouareboredornotinterested.Ifthereissilenceinthesesituations,peopleusuallytrytomakeconversation.Periodsofsilencemakemanypeoplefortable.PeopleintheUnitedStatesusuallystandaboutonearm’slengthawayfromeachotherwhiletalkingorstandingtogether.Thisspaceiscalled“thecomfortzone.”IntheUnitedStates,motherssometimesshowthattheyareangrywithchildrenbyshakinganindexfingeratthem.Peoplemayshowthattheylikechildrenbypattingthemonthetopofthe典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedWhenmenshakehands,theysometimesusethelefthandto Somewomendon’twantmentogiveuptheirseats Peopleusuallymakeeyecontactwitheachother Anangrymothersometimesshakesanindexfinger publictheabusinesslineofherlongperiodof典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedMostpeopleshakehandsandmakeeyecontactwhentheymeetpeopleforthe womanmaygiveanotherwomanalittlehug,andamanmaykissawomanquicklyonthecheek.Malesdon'tusuallyhugoneanother;however,thisischanging.Menusuallyshakehandswiththerighthand.Sometimestheyusethelefthandtoeither thehandshakeor lightlyholdthe warmthandfriendship.Mostpeoplewaveoorgood-byebyextendingthearm,palmfacingoutward,andtwistingthehandatthewrist.Anotherwayistoraisethearm,palmoutward,andmovethewholearmandhandbackandforth.Thisisimportanttoknowbecauseinmanyothercountries,samemovementsmean

Whenmenshakehands,theysometimesusethelefthandtocover.publictheabusinesslineofherlongperiodof典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedWhenpeoplearewaitinginapublicce,suchasthepostoffice,theyusuallyformlines.Somepeoplegetangryand inifsomeonepushestheirwayintoalineorjumpsaheadofotherpeople.Moreover,manywomenlikementoopendoorsforthem.Theyalsolikementogive However,somewomendonotlikethistypeofbehavior.Theyfeelthatmenandshouldbetreatedinthesame

Somewomendon’twantmentogiveuptheirseatson publicabusinesslineofherlongperiodof典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedIntheUnitedStates,it’simportanttomakedirecteyecontactinbusinessandsocialsituations.Ifyoudon’tmakeeyecontact,peoplewillprobablythinkthatyouareboredornotinterested.Ifthereissilenceinthesesituations,peopleusuallytrytomakeconversation.Periodsofsilencemakemanypeoplefortable.PeopleintheUnitedStatesusuallystandaboutonearm’slengthawayfromeachotherwhiletalkingorstandingtogether.Thisspaceiscalled“thecomfortzone.”

Peopleusuallymakeeyewitheachother abusinesslineofherlongperiodof典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnitedIntheUnitedStates,motherssometimesshowthattheyareangrywithchildrenbyshakinganindexfingeratthem.Peoplemayshowthattheylikechildrenbypattingthemonthetopofthehead.

29.Peopleusuallymakeeyewitheachother abusinesslineofherlongperiodof典型考题分析：2014年综合CBodyLanguageintheUnited30.Anangrymothersometimesshakesanindexfinger D.lineofE.herF.longperiodof StevenSpielberghasalwayshadonegoal:to lasmanygreatstoriestoasmanypeopleaswilllisten.Andthat’swhathehasalwaysbeenabout.Thesonofacomputerscientistandapianist,SpielbergspenthisearlychildhoodinNewJerseyand,later,Arizona.Fromtheverybeginning,hisfertileimaginationfilledhisyoungmindwithimagesthatwouldlaterinspirehisfilmmaking.Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent’s1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat’sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfi likePoltergeist.” Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgothishandsonhisdad’smoviecameraandbeganshootingshortflicksaboutflyingsaucersandWorldWarΙΙbattles.Spielberg’stalentforscarystory enabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScoutcam trips,whennightfell,Spielbergbecamethecenterofattention.“Stevenwouldstart linghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294,“andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit.”SpielbergmovedtoCaliforniawithhisfatherandwenttohighschoolthere,buthisgrades sobadthathebarelygraduatedBothUCLAandUSCfilmschoolsrejectedhim,soheenteredCaliforniaStateUniversityatLongBeachbecauseitwasclosetoHollywood. Spielbergwasdeterminedtomakemovies,andhemanagedtogetanunpaid,non-creditinternship(实习inHollywood.SoonhewasgivenacontractandhedroppedoutofcollegeHeneverlookedback.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergisstill lingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetentAskhimwherehegetshisideasSpielbergshrugsTheprocessformeismostlyintuitive(凭的),”hesays.“Thereare thatIfeelIneedtomake,foravarietyofreasons, reasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidslikeitAndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel续集toJurassic SomeofSpielberg’smostsuccessfulmoviescamefrom WhenSpielbergwasaboy,heusedtobescaredof Spielbergisverygoodat Spielbergsayshemakesmoviesfor

almostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodalotof Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent’s1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat’sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfi likePoltergeist.”

SomeofSpielberg’smostsuccessfulmoviescamefromalmostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodF.alotof Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent’s1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat’sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilike

WhenSpielbergwasaboy,heusedtobescaredofalmostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodalotof Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgot

Spielbergisverygood dad’s Spielberg’stalentforscarystory enabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScout trips,whennightfell,Spielberg wouldstart linghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294,“andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit.”

almostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodalotof 5.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergis lingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetent.Askhimwherehegetshisideas,Spielbergshrugs.“Theprocessformeismostlyintuitive(凭 的),”hesays.“Therearefi thatIfeelIneedto alreasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidswilllikeit.AndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel(续集)toJurassic

Spielbergsayshemakesmoviesalmostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodalotof 5.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergis lingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetent.Askhimwherehegetshisideas,Spielbergshrugs.“Theprocessformeismostlyintuitive(凭 的),”hesays.“Therearefi thatIfeelIneedto alreasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidswilllikeit.AndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel(续集)toJurassic

SpielbergsayshemakesmoviesalmostlingscaryanumberofmakingchildrenhischildhoodalotofAromatherapyisaformofalternativemedicinewhichisbasedontheuseofveryconcentratedessentialoilsfromtheflowers,leaves,bark,branchesorrootsof ntswhichareconsideredtohavehealingpropertiesInaromatherapythesepowerfuloilsaremixedwithotheroilssuchasalmond(杏仁oilortheyarediluted稀释withwaterThesesolutions溶液剂canberubbedontheskin,sprayedintheairorappliedasacompress(敷药).Manypeoplehavearomatherapymassages( ),anddependingonthetreatmenta having,thearomathe willmassagetheoilintothehandsorshoulders.Themassageissmoothandflowing,asitisdesignedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandcalm.Thesessionsaretailoredtotheindividual’shealthandmoodatthetime,soeverysessionisunique.PractionersofaromatherapybelievethatthearomaoftheessentialoilsdirectlystimulatesthebrainorthattheoilsareabsorbedthroughtheskinintothebloodstreamwheretheycanaffectthewholebodyandpromotehealingOtherclaimsinsupportofaromatherapyarethatitaidsdigestion,improvesthefunctionofrespiratorysystemreducesmuscularachesandpainsandpromotesmusclerelaxationandtoneIthasalsobeenarguedthataromatherapycanimprovecirculation,lowerbloodpressureandhelpcombatinsomnia(失眠andotherstress-relateddisorderssuchastensionheadaches,anxiety,andmildHowever,whilearomatherapymayhaverealeffectsthatpromoteasenseofwell-being,sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersremaindoubtfulaboutitspowers.Whileresearchhasconfirmedthataromatherapydoeshavesomepositiveshort-termeffectsonmostpeople,italsosuggeststhataromatherapyisnotanactualscienceormedicinethatshouldbeusedtotreatillness.Furthermore,notallaromatherapyisconsideredbeneficialtohealth.Thereareprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforehavingaromatherapybecausesomeoilscanhavenegativeeffectsonpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions.Thestudyofaromatherapyisrelativelynewandunexplored.Moreresearchneedstobeconductedtomakescientificconclusionsaboutitsuseandeffects.Aromatherapyisamixtureoilfrompartsofthe ntsto Thesessionsofaromatherapymassagesaredesignedto Aromatherapyisbelievedto variousways.Theuseandbenefitsofromatherapyneedto

suitdifferentbefurtherhelpthebeusedhavehealingbeAromatherapyisaformofalternativemedicinewhichisbasedontheuseofveryconcentratedessentialoilsfromtheflowers,leaves,bark,branchesorrootsofntswhichareconsideredtohavehealingpropertiesInaromatherapythesepowerfuloilsaremixedwithotheroils,suchasalmond(杏仁)oil,ortheyarediluted(稀释)withwaterThesesolutions(溶液剂)canberubbedontheskin,sprayedintheairorappliedasacompress(敷药).

Aromatherapyisamixtureoilpartsof ntsto suitdifferentbefurtherhelpthebeusedhavehealingbeManypeoplehavearomatherapymassages( ),anddependingonthetreatmenta ishaving,the willmassagetheoilintothehandsorshoulders.Themassageissmoothandflowing,asitisdesignedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandcalm.Thesessionsaretailoredtotheindividual’shealthandmoodatthetime,soeverysessionisunique.

ThesessionsofmassagesaredesignedsuitdifferentbefurtherhelpthebeusedhavehealingbeHowever,whilearomatherapymayhaverealeffectsthatpromoteasenseofwell-being,sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersremaindoubtfulaboutitspowers.Whileresearchhasconfirmedthataromatherapydoeshavesomepositiveshort-termeffectsonmostpeople,italsosuggeststhataromatherapyisnotanactualscienceormedicinethatshouldbeusedtotreatillness.Furthermore,notallaromatherapyisconsideredbeneficialtohealth.Thereareprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforehavingaromatherapybecausesomeoilscanhavenegativeeffectsonpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions.Thestudyofaromatherapyisrelativelynewandunexplored.Moreresearchneedstobeconductedtomakescientificconclusionsaboutitsuseand

Theuseandbenefitsofaromatherapyneedto suitdifferentbefurther