英国文学简史复习资料

I.OldEnglishLiterature&theLateMedievalAges

<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the

national

epic

of

the

Anglo-Saxons

GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340()~1400ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.=1\*GB3①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish=2\*GB3②<TroilusandCriseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<TheHouseofFame>声誉之宫=2\*ROMANIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrologythereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansionrediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616

=1\*GB3①

Historicalplays:HenryVI亨利六世;HenryIV:RichardIII查理三世;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII=2\*GB3②FourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大欢喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight’SDream>仲夏夜之梦;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特;<Othello>奥赛罗;<KingLear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.⑤thecomedyoferrors错中错，TitusAndronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，TheTamingoftheshrew驯悍记Love'slabour'slost（爱的徒劳）RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶Muchadoaboutnothing（无事生非）ThemerrywivesofWindsor.温莎的风流娘们KingJohn约翰王All'swellthatendswell终成眷属Measureformeasure（一报还一报）Bacon:OfStudies;OfBeauty;OfMarriageandSingleLifeEnglishBourgeoisRevolution，<TheAdvancementofLearning>学术的推进III：theperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution.Milton：1608~1674ParadiseLost;SamsonAgonistes(力士参孙);OnthemorningofChrist’sNativity，<ParadiseRegained>复乐园<OnHisBlindness>我的失明<Areopagitica>论出版自由<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>为英国人民声辩Bunyan:1628~1688①ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路历程GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner;theHolyWarJohnDon:theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）TheFlea;跳蚤ForbbidingMourning，SongsAndSonnets歌与十四行诗，emergentoccasions突变引起的诚念Helysonnets=4\*ROMANIVThe18thCentury：EnlightenmentArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。）=1\*GB3①<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游记(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛<AModestProposal>一个小小的建议=2\*GB3②<TheBattleofBooks>书战=3\*GB3③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一个麻布商的书信⑤BickerstaffAlmanac比克斯塔福历书DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.=1\*GB3①<RobinsonCrusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.=2\*GB3②<MollFlanders>=3\*GB3③<ColonelJacque>④<Captainsingleton>辛格顿船长HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754ThefunderoftheEnglishrealisticworldHeiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>弃婴汤姆•琼斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>约瑟夫•安德鲁<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大诗人江奈生•威尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚②plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年历史记事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英国WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.②<SongsofExperience>经验之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:<TheChimneySweeper>扫烟囱的小孩<London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence③<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂与地狱的婚姻RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>约翰•安德生，我的爱人，ChieflyintheScottishDialect，苏格兰抒情歌谣集②<ARed,RedRose>一朵红红的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>友谊地久天长④<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>自由树FarewelltoScotland再见苏格兰VTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSoutheyWilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>③MyHeartLeapsupWhenIBehold，④AboveTinternAbbey;⑤IntimationsofImmortality⑥LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey⑦TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女⑧<ThePrelude>序曲GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①<DonJuan>唐•璜<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记<Cain>该隐 ②<WhenWeTwoParted>当初我们俩分别<SheWalksInBeauty>MySoulisDark;TheFirstKissofLove;PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822①PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression②<QueenMab>麦布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯兰的反叛<TheCenci>钦契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>诗辩<TheNecessityofAtheism>无神论的必要性③Lyrics:<OdetotheWestWind>西风颂Love'sPhilosophy;TheCloud;ToaSkylark(致云雀);JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希腊古瓮颂<OdetoaNightingale>夜莺颂<OdetoPsyche>心灵颂<OdeOnMelancholy>忧郁颂②<ToAutumn>秋颂③③Isabella=6\*ROMANVITheVictorianPeriod1832-1900EnglishCriticalRealism(VictorianEra)Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.CharlesDickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870（批判现实主义小说家）thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外传②<OliverTwist>奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店④<AChristmasCarol>圣诞颂歌⑤<DombeyandSon>董贝父子⑥<DavidCopperfield>大卫•科波菲尔⑦<BleakHouse>荒凉山庄<HardTimes>艰难时世⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>双城记(London&Paris)⑨<GreatExpectations>远大前程⑩<OurMutualFriend>我们共同的朋友SketchesbyBoz;AmericanNotes美国札记WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利场(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>③Cox'sDiary庸人之书JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.①<SenseandSensibility>理智与感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢与偏见<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<NorthangerAbbey>诺桑觉寺<Persuasion>劝导CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855①<JaneEyre>简•爱②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor>教师EmilyBronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854①<WutheringHeights>呼啸山庄<OldStoic>GeorgeEliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊②<AdamBede>亚当•比德③<SilasMarner>织工马南④<Middlemarch>米德尔马契MidandLate19thCenturyRobertBrowning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889①<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外乡思MenandWomen;DramaticLyrics;PippaPaaaes;TheRingandtheBook;ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗 Christina.G.Rossetti:1830-1894SeekandFind;AStoryforGirls;Song;ABirthday=7\*ROMANVII1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrights=1\*GB3①OscarWilde=2\*GB3②GeorgeBernardShawHenrryJames:thewingsofadove;aportraitofawomen;DaisyMiller;theambassadors;thegoldenbowlGeorgeBernardShaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）criticalrealisticdramatist①PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren’SProfession>华伦夫人的职业<Widowers’Houses>鳏夫的房产②PlaysPleasant<ArmsAndMan>武器与人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命运的人③Plays<ManAndSuperman>人与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<TheAppleCart>苹果车<SaintJoan>圣女贞德HeartbreakHouse.ThomasHardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）⑴Novels①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration②<JudeTheObscure>无名的裘德③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>绿荫下④<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>远离尘嚣⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特桥市长⑥<TheReturnoftheNative>还乡⑵Poems：WessexPoemsAndOtherVerses，PoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列国OscarWilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900salome（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）①4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>认真的重要<LadyWindermere’sFan>温德米尔夫人的扇子<AWomanOfNoImportance>一个无足轻重的女人<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫②Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安•格雷的画像③FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>快乐王子故事集TheTruthOfMasks.WilliamButlerYeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家；TheIrishnationalistmovement爱尔兰独立运动；TheIrishLiteraryRevival爱尔兰文艺复兴；TheIrishLiteraryTheater,ortheAbbeyTheater爱尔兰民族剧团）=1\*GB2⑴collections=1\*GB3①<TheWindAmongTheReeds>苇风<Responsibilities>责任=2\*GB3②<TheTower>塔<TheWindingStair>旋转的楼梯=2\*GB2⑵Poems<Easter1916>复活节，1916<TheSecondComing>第二次来临/再世<SailingToByzantium>到拜占庭航行WhenYouareOld;TheLakeThomasSternsEliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）=1\*GB2⑴Poems=1\*GB3①<TheWasteLand>=2\*GB3②<FourQuartets>四个四重奏③<TheLoveSongOfJ.AlfredPrufrock>=2\*GB2⑵Plays=1\*GB3①<MurderInTheCathedral>大教堂谋杀案MorningattheWindow;DavidHerbertLawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930Modernist<SonsAndLovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)②<TheRainbow>虹③<WomenInLove>恋爱中的女人④

<LadyChatterley’sLover>查特莱夫人的情人JamesJoyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941Modernist（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<APortraitOfTheArtistAsAYoungMan>一个青年艺术家的肖像<FinnegansWake>芬尼根的苏醒<Dubliners>都柏林人VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941Modernist（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousne