高二英语人教版必修5题型专项突破-Unit5阅读理解(急救篇)(含答案解析)

题型专项突破-Unit5阅读理解（急救篇）一、阅读理解1.Firstaidmeanstheaidorhelpthatcanbegiventoaninjuredpersonfirst,thatis,beforeanyotherhelparrives.Nowadaysthereisusuallyatelephonenotfarawayandthefirstthingweshoulddo,ifaseriousaccidenthappens,istotelephoneforanambulance.Sometimesquickactionbyusmaysavesomeone’slife.ShockPeopleoftensufferfromshockafterreceivinganinjury,sometimesevenwhentheinjuryisasmallone.Thefaceturnsgrey,andtheskinbecomesdampandcold.Theybreathequickly.Theyshouldbekeptwarm.Coverthemwithablanketandgivethemawarmdrink.BrokenbonesDonotmovethepatient.Sendforanambulanceatonce.Treatforshockifnecessary.BleedingAlittlebleedingdoesnoharm.Itwashesdirtfromthewound.Butifthebleedingcontinues,trytostopitbyplacingacleanclothfirmlyoverthewounduntilthebleedingstopsorhelparrives.PoisonApersonwhohastakenpoisonshouldbetakentoahospitalatonce.Withsomepoisons,sleepingpills,forexample,itisagoodthingtomakethepatientsickbypressingyourfingersdownhisthroat.Remember:Whenanaccidenthappens,sendsomeonetotelephoneforanambulanceatonce.Keeptheinjuredpersonwarmandquiet.Givehimplentyofair.Donotletotherpeoplecrowdaroundhim.(1)Accordingtothepassagewhenaseriousaccidenthappens,thefirstthingweshoulddoisto________.A.takesomeactionsB.savethelifeoftheinjuredpersonC.phoneforanambulanceD.keeptheinjuredpersonwarmandquiet1/7

(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Firstaidmeansgivingtheinjuredpersontheaidorhelpatoncebeforethedoctorcomes.B.Whenapersonhasbrokenhislegs,weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce.C.Alittlebleedingdoesnoharmbecausethebloodcanwashdirtfromthewound.D.Whenapersonhastakenpoison,youshouldtakehimtohospitalatonce.(3)Whycan’taninjuredpersonbecrowdedbypeoplearoundhim?A.Becausethepeoplearoundhimmayhurthim.B.Becauseheneedsplentyofairandtobequiet.C.Becausetheywillbeinthewayoftheambulance.D.Becausetheywilldisturbhisrest.(4)Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.someadviceonhowtodealwithcommonaccidentsB.somefactsaboutsomecommonaccidentsC.somethingwemustrememberD.someexamplesofcommonaccidents答案:解析:(1)C细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句telephonenotfarawayandthefirstthingweshoulddo，ifaseriousaccidenthappens，istotelephoneforanambulance.”可知答案(2)B细节理解题。根据中的“Donotmovethepatient.Sendforanambulanceatonce.”可知当时需要做的表述与此相悖，故选B项。(3)B细节理解题。可知正确选项为B项。(4)A主旨大意题。结构可以看出A项为正确选“Nowadaysthereisusuallya是打电话找救护车。文章第三段是找救护车，并且不能随便移动病人。B项的从最后一段本文是说明文，根据文章的项。2.Externalbleeding.Applydirectpressure.Placeaclean,foldedclothovertheinjuredareaandfirmlyapplypressure.Ifbloodsoaksthrough,donotremoveit.2/7

Instead,coverthatclothwithanotheroneandcontinuetoapplypressuretothewoundfor7­10minutes.Ifthebleedingisfromtheear,placeacleanbandageovertheear,laythevictimonhisside,andfollowthebloodtodrainoutthroughthebandage.Elevatetheinjury.Positionthewoundedpartofthebodyabovetheleveloftheheartifpossiblewhileyouapplydirectpressure.Knowthepressurepoint.Ifdirectpressureandelevationdon’tsufficientlyslowthebloodflow,findapressurepoint.Largearteries(动脉)foundclosetotheskin’ssurfacesupplybloodtotheheadandtoeacharmandleg.Themostcommonpressurepointsusedduringthefirstaidarelocatedintheupperarmsandinthecreases(皱纹)abovetheupperlegs.Applypressuretotheclosestpressurepointtothewoundsothatthearteryispressedbetweenyourfingersandthebonedirectlybehindtheartery.Ifusingthepressurepointonaleg,youmayneedtousetheheelofyourhandinsteadofyourfingers.Resorttotourniquet(止血带,脉压器).Onveryrareoccasionseverythinglistedabovemayfail.Topreventthevictimfromdying,youshouldapplyatourniquet.Onceatourniquetisapplied,itshouldnotbeloosenedorremoveduntilthevictimhasreachedmedicalhelp.Useatourniquetonlyifeverythinglistedabovehasfailed.Ifyouuseatourniquet,writedownsomewhereonthevictimthetimewhenitwasapplied,somedicalpersonswillknowhowlongithasbeeninplace.(1)Accordingtothepassage,ifapersoniswoundedandbleeding,youshould________.A.coverthewoundwithaclean,foldedclothandpressitB.spreadsomesalve(药膏)onthewoundC.pressthewoundfirmlywithyourfingerD.placeacleanbandageoverthewound(2)Ifthebloodsoaksthroughthecloth,youshould______.A.changeacleanoneimmediatelyB.washthewoundatonceC.pressthewoundfirmlywithyourhandD.covertheonewithanotheroneandpressit(3)Theunderlinedword“apply”inthefirstparagraphmeans________.3/7

A.申请(4)Inthispassage________waysarementionedtostopblood.A.fourB.threeC.two(5.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.B.应用C.实施D.生效D.oneA.itisbettertoputtheinjuredpartabovetheheadtostopbleedingB.largearteriesdeepinthemusclesupplybloodtotheheadandtoeacharmandlegC.weshoulduseatourniquetfirsttostopbleedingD.themostcommonpressurepointslieintheupperarmsandinthecreasesabovetheupperlegs(1)A细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句injuredareaandfirmlyapplypressure.”可知C项为正确选项。“Placeaclean，foldedclothoverthe(2)D细节理解题。第一段的第四、五句“Ifbloodsoaksthrough，donotremoveit.Instead，coverthatclothwithanotheroneandcontinuetoapplypressuretothewoundfor7­10minutes.”可知(3)B词义猜测题。根据apply后面的pressure可知应(4)A细节题解题。种止血方法，因此共4种。(5.D推理D选项为正确答案。该是“应用压力”。每一段的第一句话就提到一判断题。第三段的第三句话明确提到“动脉一般在胳膊或腿上方的皱褶中”可知D选项为正确答案。3.Ifyouseesomeonedrowning,speedisveryimportant.Onceyougethimoutofthewater,ifheisn'tbreathing,youhavefourminutesbeforehisbrainiscompletelydestroyed.Supporthisneck,tilt(使翘起)hisheadbackandpresshischin(下巴)upwards.Thisstopsthetongueblockingtheairwayinthethroatandissometimesenoughtogethimbreathingagain.Ifthatdoesn'twork,startmouth­to­mouthbreathing.Presshisnostrils(鼻孔，)togetherwithyourfingers.Openyourmouthandtakeadeepbreath.Blowintohislungsuntilhischestrises,thenremoveyourmouthandwatchhischestfall.Repeattwelvetimesaminute.Keepdoinguntilhelparrives.Tobringachildbacktolife,keepyourlipsaroundhismouthandnoseandgentlyblowintohismouth.Givethefirstfourbreathsasquicklyaspossibletofillthe4/7

bloodwithoxygen.If,inspiteofyourefforts,hestartsturningabluegreycolour,andyoucanfeelnopulse(脉搏),thenpressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife.Witharmsstraight,rockforwards,pressingdownonthelowerhalfofthebreastbone.Don'tbetoohardoryoumaybreakarib(肋骨areseeingifhiscolourimprovesorhispulsebecomesindependenttoyourchestpressing.Ifthishappens,stopthepressing.Otherwisecontinueuntilrescuearrives.(1)Thispassageismainlyabout________.).CheckhoweffectiveyouA.howtosavepeopleoutofthewaterB.howtogivefirstaidtopeoplewhoaredrowningC.howtodomouth­to­mouthbreathingD.howtosaveachildfromariver答案与解析:B主旨大意题。结合文章的内容特别是文章第一句Ifyouseesomeonedrowning,speedisveryimportant.可知作者主要是想向读者传递如何急B项正确。(2)Onceyougetadrowningmanoutofthewater,ifheisn'tbreathing,youmustfirst________.救溺水者，故A.gethimbreathingagainB.takehimtothenearesthospitalassoonaspossibleC.findsomeonetohelpyouD.calltheFirstAidCentre答案与解析:A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知当一个溺水的人被救上来后，你有4分钟的时间可以抢救他，所以让他能重新呼吸是最重要的。故A项正确。(3)Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“rescue”means________.A.breathB.helpC.doctorD.pulse答案与解析:B猜测词义题。结合文章急救的主题，和rescue所在的语句，以及上文内容可知rescue意为“营救”。(4)Ifthedrowningboyhasnopulse,________.A.pressinghischinupwardsisenoughtogethimbreathingB.blowingairintohismouthissuretosavehislife5/7

C.pressinghisnostrilstogetherwithyourfingerscanworkD.pressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife答案与解析:D细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句...andyoucanfeelnopulse(脉搏),thenpressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife.“如果你还是感觉不到他的脉搏，那么按压胸部是挽救他生命的最后机会”。4.ElectricShocksCanBeFatalGovernmentstatisticsrecentlyshowedthatintheUK,morethan3，000peopleayearexperienceelectricshocksintheirhome.Asmallernumberofpeoplearekilledaftertheycontactwithpowerlinesoutsidethehome.Electricshockscancauseaperson'sheartorbreathingtostop,canalsocauseburnsandarepotentiallyfatal.Itisessentialforpeopletolearnbasicfirstaidtechniquestodealwithsuchemergencies.Whattodo?●Ifyouarethefirstpersontoreachsomeonewhohashadanelectricshock,don'ttouchhim/her!●Iftheyarestillholdingtheappliance(家用电器)thathasgiventhemshock(e.g.ahairdryer),unplugitorturnoffthepoweratitssource.Under_no_circumstances_will_you_try_to_move_the_appliance_with_your_hand!●Ifyoucan'tturnoffthepower,useapieceofwood,likeabroomhandleorachair,toseparatethevictimfromtheapplianceorthepowersource.Youmayevenbeabletodothiswithafoldednewspaper.●Thevictimmustremainlyingdown.Iftheyareunconscious,victimsshouldbeplacedontheirside.Buttheyshouldnotbemovedifthereisapossibilityofneckorspineinjuriesunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.●Itisessentialtomaintainthevictim'sbodyheat,somakesureyoucoverhimorherwithablanketbeforeyoudoanythingelse.Ifthevictimisnotbreathing,applymouth-to-mouthresuscitation(人工呼吸).Keepthevictim'sheadlowuntilprofessionalhelparrives.●Iftheelectricshockhasbeencausedbyanexternalpowerline,thedangerstothev