从物质生态角度照顾老龄人

Chapter1OlderAdults,MaterialEnvironmentsandCaregiving第一章：老龄人，物质环境和照护4th

Section第四节

CaregivingOlderAdultswiththeEcologyofThings从物质生态角度照顾老龄人KnowledgePoints知识点Caregiving

照护CaregivingActivities

照护活动DifferentTypesofCaregivers

不同类型的照护人员EmpathyPractice

移情实践ServiceContrastedwithRelativeIndependence

服务和独立性

Ecologyofordinarythingsinhomes

家环境的生态圈Tools,PersonalEquipment,ArchitecturalEquipmentandElectronics

工具，个人设备，建筑设备和电子产品Itisspecialmainlybecausecaregivingistheactofcaringforanotherperson’swellbeingincludingtheirphysical,intellectualandemotionalhealth,whichisviewedasanoblejob.

照顾工作是特殊的，因为它涉及到通过照护提高被照护者的包

括身体，智力和情感的福祉。Theaimofthecaregivingprovidedistomaintainareasonable,andideallythehighest,qualityoflifeforthecarerecipient.

照护的目的是帮助被照护者保持一个合理的，理想的，具有生

活质量的生活状态。Caregiving照护12345678910CaregivingActivities照护活动CaregivingActivities照护活动1Communicatingwiththemabouttheirwishesanddesires与他人沟通了解他们的愿望和欲望CaregivingActivities护理活动2Beingrespectfulandmaintainingtheirdignity尊重和维护他们的尊严CaregivingActivities护理活动3Encouragingorassistingwithdailylivingtaskssuchashygiene鼓励或协助他们的日常生活任务，例如如厕CaregivingActivities护理活动4encouragingorprovidingeatingassistancewhichincludesmealplanning,shoppingforgroceries,foodpreparationandfeeding鼓励或提供进食协助，例如做饭和进食

CaregivingActivities护理活动5Encouragingorassistingwithmaintainingthecleanliness,safetyandsecurityoftheirlivingenvironment鼓励和协助保持生活环境的清洁和安全CaregivingActivities护理活动6Communicatingwiththeircareproviders与他们的照顾者沟通CaregivingActivities护理活动7Encouragingormanagingtheiragendaandmedicalappointments鼓励或管理他们的日程和就诊时间CaregivingActivities护理活动8Monitoringtheirhealthinareasonableway合理的监督他们的健康情况CaregivingActivities护理活动9Encouragingorassistingwithfinancialplanningandpayingbills鼓励和协助他们的财务规划和账单支付

CaregivingActivities护理活动10Makingdecisionswhentheyarenolongercapable当他们不再有能力时帮助他们做决定CaregivingActivities护理活动DifferentTypesofCaregivers不同类型的照护人员DifferentTypesofCaregivers不同类型的照护人员EmpathyPractice移情实践ServiceContrastedwithRelativeIndependence服务和独立性

People人Things物件Home家Ecologyofordinarythingsinhomes家环境的生态圈ExamplesofPotentialHazardsintheHome家中潜在危险的例子

Tools,PersonalEquipment,ArchitecturalEquipmentandElectronics工具，个人设备，建筑设备和电子产品Tools工具PersonalEquipment个人设备Architectural

Equipment建筑设备Electronics电子产品Tools,PersonalEquipment,ArchitecturalEquipmentandElectronics工具，个人设备，建筑设备和电子产品Section

Summary本节小结Section

Summary自测题SelfTest自测题(9)Whatarethedifferentkindsofcaregivers?Howdotheydiffer?

照护人员有哪些不同类型？他们又有哪些不同？(10)Listanddescribethetenactivitiesofcaregiving.

列举并描述十项照护活动。(11)Whatkindsofmaterialenvironmentsorinterventionscansupportmaximizingindependenceandkeepingpeoplesafeandsecure?

哪种物质环境或干预能帮助最大化自立，并保证安全？Practicerolemodelingacarerecipientinyourcurrentlivingspace.Chooseaneverydayactivitythatyoudoeachday.Itshouldbeatasksuchaseating,brushingyourteeth,makingasimplemeal,doingthedishes,doinglaundry,orgoingtothetoilet.Chooseaphysicalimpairment(visionloss,reducedmobility)andfindawaytomodelitbyputtingcreamortapeonapairofglasses(toreducevisibility),tapingyourfingerstogetherorwearingmittens(toreducedexterity),orremainingseatedinarollingchair(toemulatesomeoneinawheelchair).Completeyourentiretaskfromstarttofinishwithyourimpairmenttwotothreetimes.在你当前的居住环境中，扮演一个被照护者。选择你每天都做的一个日常活动。它应当是诸如吃饭、刷牙、做饭、洗碗、洗衣，或如厕的活动。选择一个身体障碍（视力丧失、行动能力降低）并找到一个模拟它的方法：通过往眼镜抹奶油或贴胶带（来降低视力）、把手指贴到一起或穿连指手套（来降低灵敏），或保持坐在一个旋转椅上（来模拟某人在轮椅上）。从开始到结束进行两到三次障碍模拟，来完成你的整个活动。ASSIGNMENT

3作业3FurtherReadings延伸阅读Bengtson,VernLandAllen,KatherineR(2009)TheLifeCoursePerspectiveAppliedtoFamiliesOverTime.InBoss,P,Doherty,WJ,LaRossa,R,Schumm,WRandSteinmetz,SK(Eds.)SourcebookofFamilyTheoriesandMethods:AContextualApproach,469-499.Bih,Herng-Dar(1992)TheMeaningofObjectsinEnvironmentalTransitions:ExperiencesofChineseStudentsintheUnitedStates.JournalofEnvironmentalPsychology,12,135-147.Elder,GlenHandRockwell,RichardC(1979)TheLife-CourseandHumanDevelopment:AnEcologicalPerspective.InternationalJournalofBehavioralDevelopment,2,1-21.Hojat,Mahammadreza,Vergare,Michael,Maxwell,Kaye,Brainard,George,Herrine,StevenK.,Isenberg,GeraldA.,Veloski,Jon,andGonnella,JosephS.(2009)TheDevilisintheThirdYear:ALongitudinalStudyofErosionofEmpathyinMedicalSchool.AcademicMedicine,84(9),1182-1191.Kain,EdwardL(2009)FamilyChangeandtheLifeCourse.InBoss,P.,Doherty,W.J.,LaRossa,R.,Schumm,W.R.andSteinmetz,S.K.(Eds.)SourcebookofFamilyTheoriesandMethods:AContextualApproach,499-504.Moen,Phyllis,Dempster-McClain,Donna,andWilliams,Jr,RobinM(1992)SuccessfulAging:ALife-CoursePerspectiveonWomen’sMultipleRolesandHealth.TheAmericanJournalofSociology,97(6),1612-1638.Nicholls,JohnG(1984)AchievementMotivation:ConceptionsofAbility,SubjectiveExperience,TaskChoice,andPerformance.PsychologicalReview,91(3),328-346.Putnam,Michelle(2002)LinkingAgingTheoryandDisabilityModels:IncreasingthePotentialtoExploreAgingwithPhysicalImpairments.TheGerontologist,42(6),799-806.Richins,MarshaL(1994)ValuingThings:ThePublicandPrivateMeaningsofPossessions.Jour