2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷

2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第1页。2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第1页。松江区2017学年度第二学期期中质量监控试卷高三英语II.GrammarandVocabularySectionAAuntJaneisnowwelloverseventy,butsheisstillagreatcinema-goer.Thecinemainourtowncloseddownyearsagoandsometimesshehastotraveltwentymilesormoretoseeagoodfilm.AndonceamonthatleastshegoesuptoLondontosee(21)______(late)foreignfilms.Ofcourseshecouldseemostofthesefilmsontelevision,buttheideadoesnotattracther.“Itisn'tthesame,”shesays.“Foronething,thescreen'stoosmall.Besides,Ilikegoingtothecinema!”However,onethingwhichhasalwayspuzzledusisthat(22)______AuntJanehaslotsoffriendsandenjoyscompany,shealwaysgoestothecinemaalone.Wediscoveredthereasonforthisonlyrecently—fromMother.“ItmaysurpriseyoutolearnthatAuntJanewantedtobeanactresswhenshewasyoung,”shetoldus.“Sheusedtowaitoutsidefilmstudiosallday,just(23)_______(appear)incrowdscenes.Youraunthasprobablyappearedindozensoffilms.Sometimesshedidnotevenknowthenameofthefilmthey(24)______(make).Therefore,shecouldn'tgotosee(25)______inthefilmatthecinema!”“Allthetime,ofcourse,shewaslookingforasmallpartinafilm.Herbigchancecame(26)______theystartedtomakeafilminourtown.Janemanagedtomeetthedirectoratapartyandheofferedher(27)______roleasashopkeeper.Itreallywasaverysmallpart,butitwasanimportantmomentforJane.Beforethegreatevent,sherehearsedfordays.Infact,sheturnedthesitting-roomintoashop!Weallhadtohelp,goingtoandoutoftheshop(28)______shecouldrememberherwordsperfectly.And(29)______theactualdayshewasmarvelous.Janethoughtthatthiswasthebeginningofherfilmcareer!”“Unfortunately,intheend,theydidnotincludetheshopsceneinthefilm.ButnobodytoldJane!WhenthefilmfirstappearedinLondon,shetookallherfriendstoseeit.Andofcourseshewasn'tinit!Itwasaterribleblow!Shestopped(30)______(go)tofilmstudiosandgaveuptheideaof2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第2页。becominganactress.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第2页。Shestilllovesthecinema,asyouallknow,butfromthatdayshehasalwaysgonealone!”SectionBA.parallelB.curvesC.dutifullyD.guardE.transformingF.proceedingG.studiesH.perfectI.intenselyJ.moveK.randomizesWhetheryou'retryingtobegoodatPhotoshop,orstepupyourtennisgame,ormasterabanjo(班卓琴)song,you'reprobably__31__followingtheage-oldadvicethatpracticemakesperfect.However,contrarytopopularbelief,doingthesamethingoverandoveragainmightnotbethemostefficientwaytolearnforeignconcepts.Traditionally,we'retaughtusingthe“blocking”strategy.Thisinstructsustogooverasingleideaagainandagainuntilwe'vemasteredit,before__32__tothenextconcept.Butseveralnewneurological(神经学的)__33__showthatanupandcominglearningmethodcalled“interleaving”improvesourabilitytokeepandperformnewskillsoveranytraditionalmeansbyleapsandbounds.Whatinterleavingdoesistospaceoutlearningoveralongerperiodoftime,andit__34__theinformationweencounterwhenlearninganewskill.So,forexample,insteadoflearningonebanjochordatatimeuntilyou__35__it,youtraininseveralatonceandinshorterbursts.Oneofthepracticalwaysyoucanuseinterleavingtotrainyourbraintopickupnewskillsquicklyandeffectivelyistopracticemultiple__36__skillsatonce.Whetheryou'retryingtoimproveyourmotorskillsorcognitive(认知的)learningabilities,thekeyto__37__howyourbrainprocessesnewinformationistobreakoutofthehabitoflearningonepartofaskillatatime.Theadvantageofthismethodisthatyourbraindoesn'tgetcomfortableorstoreinformationinyourshort-termmemory.Instead,interleavingcausesyourbrainto__38__focusandproblem-solveeverystepoftheway,resultingininformationgettingstoredinyourlong-termmemoryinstead.Interleavingdoesn'tcutanycorners,soyourbrainisalwayson__39__.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenblockingandinterleavinglikeaboxerwhopracticesone__40__overandoveragainversusaboxerwhopracticesbysparringinthering.Inthering,youhavetobereadyforanything.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第3页。Itmakesyou2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第3页。fasterandsharper.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionASince1960,considerablescientificresearcheshavebeendoneonchimpsintheirnaturalhabitats.Astonishingly,scientistshavefoundoutthatthesocial__41__ofChimpsareverysimilartohumans.Chimpswill__42__incertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinctto__43__oneanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly__44__tosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood?Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon't__45__sharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpull__46__--hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,__47__,areextremelycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthis__48__inaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturally__49__inyoungchildren.Oneisthatthese__50__appearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehave__51__.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence__52__inchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitiveskills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthe__53__worldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第4页。Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第4页。Partofthisabilityisthattheycan__54__whatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowarda(n)__55__goal.41.A.structuresB.policiesC.behaviorsD.responsibilities42.A.conflictB.cooperateC.offendD.negotiate43.A.trustB.contactC.isolateD.help44.A.declineB.manageC.attemptD.oblige45.A.curiouslyB.reluctantlyC.naturallyD.carelessly46.A.inturnB.atrandomC.withcareD.inadvance47.A.allinallB.asaresultC.innocaseD.ontheotherhand48.A.cooperativenessB.availabilityC.interrelationshipD.attractivenessD.stimulatedC.possessedB.motivatedA.cultivated49.50.A.attitudesB.instinctsC.experiencesD.coincidencesD.competitively51.A.creativelyC.sociallyB.formallyD.disappearsA.develops52.C.changesB.decreasesD.physicalB.invisibleC.imaginary53.A.abstractD.balanceB.adaptA.infer54.C.absorbD.ambitiousC.specific55.A.realisticB.sharedSectionB(A))氮bends.Nitrogen(Ifadriversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthedissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.)inajoint,issharppain累积Theconsequence,ifthebubblesaccumulate(andabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.)减压alsosufferthisdecompression(Otherair-breathinganimalssicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossilbonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhis2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第5页。thefromichthyosaursathundredsofcolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural-historymuseums,looking2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第5页。TriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirthediscoverastonishedtowasdealwithdecompression.Instead,heofgradualevolutionmeasurestoopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本mostsoquickly—and,means,anti-decompressiontheyclearlydidIfichthyosaursdidevolveanstrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.捕食性动Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator()suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksand物crocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullysharkandcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandandoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.猎物)aswellaspredator—Cretaceous,theywereprey(Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?56.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.A.Atwistedbody.D.Adropinbloodpressure.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee______.57.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbonesRothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.58.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectivesRothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.59.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit(B)Howeverwealthywemaybe,wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone'stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第6页。Everyhourofourtimehasavalue.Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoing2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第6页。another,orbesleepingorwatchingafilm.Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost—namely,whattheycostusinmissedopportunities.Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot,youmightreason,watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftovermoneyandtimetohavedinnerwithfriends?This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—istheopportunitycost.Foreconomists,everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo—intermsofmoneyandenjoyment—inordertotakeitup.Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton,yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed,morereasonabledecisions.Considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall:there'snosuchthingasafreelunch.Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree,thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging:imaginespendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable.Yet,inasenseit'shumannaturetodopreciselythatweassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime.Inthebusinessworld,apopularphraseis“valueformoney.”Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible.However,anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage:“valuefortime.”Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething,sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities,suchassleepingandeating.Inreturn,however,thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist,closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions.60.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedto______.A.makingmoremoneyB.takingmoreopportunitiesC.reducingmissedopportunitiesD.weighingthechoiceofopportunities2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第7页。61.The“leftovermoneyandtime”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime______.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第7页。A.sparedforwatchingthematchathomeB.takentohavedinnerwithfriendsC.spentonthewaytoandfromthematchD.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch62.Whatareforgoneopportunities?A.Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision-making.B.Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones.C.Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally.D.Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor.(C)Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudstatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguised(伪装的)shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyinfluencedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It'syourdream”,saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter,“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit”.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgenerated(产生)duringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrepeatedbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第8页。Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlessthey2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第8页。keepusfromsleepingof“wewakeupinapanic”,Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.63.Bysayingthat“dreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat”inparagraph1,theresearchersmeanthat______.A.dreamscanhelpuskeepourmoodcomparativelystableB.dreamscanbebroughtunderconsciouscontrolC.dreamsrepresentourunconsciousdesiresandfearsD.wecanthinklogicallyinthedreamstoo64.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto______.A.becomeworseinourunconsciousmindB.developintohappydreamsC.persisttillthetimewefallasleepD.showupindreamsearlyatnight65.Cartwrightbelievedwithmuchpractice,wecanlearnto______.A.controlwhatdreamstodreamB.sleepwellwithoutanydreamsC.wakeupintimetostopthebaddreamsD.identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedreams66.Cartwrightmightadvisethosewhosometimeshavebaddreamsto______.A.leadtheirlifeasusualB.seekprofessionalhelpC.exerciseconsciouscontrolD.avoidanxietyinthedaytimeSectionCA.Therhythmoflifeisaslightbeat.B.Expertssayeveryaspectofhumanbodiesisinfluencedbydailyrhythms.C.JennyHopeclaimstohavetestedherbodyclockstothelimit.D.ThisisakeyreasonwhyshiftworkcancausesomanyproblemsE.Manypeoplestudythestateoftheirbio-rhythmsbeforemakingtheirdailyplansF.Suchadangerouscombinationnevergavetheirbodies'naturalrhythmsachancetosettledownRhythmofLifeChoosingtherighttimetosleep,thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions,thebesthourtoeat--andevengointohospital—couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth.Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythmsoftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops,scientistshave2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第9页。learnedthatwetoolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomental2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第9页。skills.Manisaprisoneroftime.Butit'snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork.__67__PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical,emotionalandintellectuallevel.BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbio-rhythmstoplanforbigfights.__68__Sleep,bloodpressure,hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks,whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourman-made24-hourcycle.Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsandmostimportantly,lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway,peoplelosetouchwiththe24-hourclockandsleepingpatternschange.Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleinto“days”lastingabout25hours.Intherealworld,lightanddarkkeepadjustinginternalclocktothe24-hourday.Butthebestindicatorofperformanceisbodytemperature.Asitfallsfroma10p.m.highof37.2℃toapre-dawnlowof36.1℃,mentalfunctionsfalltoo.__69__ThemostfamousexampleisthenuclearaccidentatThreeMileIslandintheUS.Thethreeoperatorsinthecontrolroomworkedalternatingweeksofday,eveningandnightshifts.__70__Investigatorsbelievethiscausedtheworkerstooverlookawarninglightandfailtocloseanopenvalve.Findingthesecretofwhatmakesustickhaslongfascinatedscientistsandworkdoneoverthelastdecadehasyieldedimportantclues.Theaimistohelpusbecomemoreefficient.Forexample,thetimeweeatmaybeimportantifwewanttomaximizeintellectualorsportingperformance.Thereisalreadyevidencesuggestingthatthetimewhenmedicineisgiventopatientsaffectshowwellitworks.IV.SummaryWritingQuietVirtue:TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(认真尽责)—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'stheconscientiousworkerwhohelps2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第10页。newcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessick2018届松江区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第10页。leaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(缓冲)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopleoverlybesoandstandards,owntheirtopeopleotherholdcantheythemselves,ofmuchsodemandjudgmentalwhenothersdon'tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.Factoryworkerswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheirrelationships.Whenconscientiousne