2016人教版八年级上册英语第一至五单元知识点小结

八年级上册英语第一至五单元知识点小结 班级：姓名：Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?1.goonvacation度假vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。2.visitmuseums参观博物馆3.gotosummercamp去参观夏令营4.somethinginteresting有趣的东西1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。 2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后；somethingspecial;somewherewonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Iseverybodyhere?大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Didyoudoanythinginteresting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）buysth.forsb.或buysb.sth如：buysomebooksforme.=buymesomebooks.提建议的句子：8.ridebicycles骑自行车①What/howabout+doingsth.?如：What/Howaboutgoingshopping?②Whydon’tyou+dosth.?如：Whydon’tyougoshopping?③Whynot+dosth.?如：Whynotgoshopping?④Let’s+dosth.如：Let’sgoshopping⑤Shallwe/I+dosth.?如：Shallwe/Igoshopping?9.longtimenosee好久不见10.mostofthetime大多数时间enjoyableactivities令人愉快的活动12.tryparagliding尝试滑翔伞运动13.辨析：getto/reach/arrive都是“到达“的意思getto+地点=reach+地点=arriveat+地点（小）=arrivein+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。nothing...but...意为“除......之外；只有”，如：IhavenothingtodobutwatchTValldaylong.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。15.feellike意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词、动名词。如：IfeltlikeIwasabird.我感觉我是一只鸟。Itfeelslikeastone.它摸起来像一块石头。feellikedoingsth.意为“想做某事”。如：Ifeellikeeating.我想吃东西。16.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做…;乐意做…enjoyoneself过得愉快=havefun/haveagoodtime.17.Iwonderwhatlifewaslikehereinthepast.我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的18.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）;keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像...）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）------后面接形容词2）bored(adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；（人ed物ing）boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。如：Igotboredwiththeboringwork.我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有：interested/tired/excited/amazed/surprisedsurprised/tiring/exciting/amazing/surprising19.decide（v）决定decideto(not)dosth.=makeadecision(not)todosth.decision(n)decideondoingsth.决定做某事如：LiLeihasdecidedtogotoBeijing.李雷已经决定去北京。20.Becauseofthebadweather,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.1）becauseof+名词/代词/名短Ihadtomovebecauseofmyjob.因为工作的原因because+从句如：IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。21.enough足够的（名前形后）如：IhaveenoughmoneytogotoBeijing.我有足够的钱去北京。Sheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.她年龄不够，不能去上学。Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?2.----Howoftendoyouusuallygoshopping?—Sometimes/Twiceaweek.有时候/一周两次.1)goshopping意为“去购物”。Go+v-ing:表示进行某项活动。如：Goswimming/shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking2)频率副词：always=allthetime,usually,often,sometimes=attimes,hardlyever,never(1).sometimes:有时候；sometime：某时；sometimes：许多次/倍;sometime:一段时间hard(2).hardly(adv):几乎不硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的ahardwriterhard努力地；猛烈地study/rainhard3）howoften表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：频率副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,neverhowoften次数＋时间段:如：onceortwiceaweekevery＋时间段:everyday(每天)区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：onceamonth(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：fivetimesayear(一年五次)4）

由how构成的疑问词组的用法“多少”（1）how

many+可数名词复数如：howmanyprograms“多少”how

much+不可数名词。如：howmuchcoffee但howmuch=what’sthepriceof..?还有“多少钱”的意思如：How

much

are

those

pants?(2)howmanytimes:“多少次”.其答语表示次数。如：once,twice，threetimes等(3)Howold...?询问年龄如：Howoldareyou?Iamfive.“howlong…?”(4)多久(时间)常用fortwodays，forthreehours等回答。“howlong…?”多长（某物的长度）如：---Howlongistheriver?---10kms.(5)howsoon用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是intwohours，inthreedays等。如：Howsoonwilhecomeback？Inanhour。3.“空闲的”：Areyoufreetonight?4.atleast至少atmost最多18.Mybestfriendhelpstobringsoutthebestinme.我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质.使显现；使表现出：Thedressbringsoutthecolorofherskin.bringout生产；出版：Thefactorybringsoutanewkindofcar.bringoutthebest/worstinsb.激发出某人最好/最差的品质.19.Iknowshecaresaboutmebecauseshe’salwaystheretolisten(tome).我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。(n)小心；谨慎Takecare!当心/保重Crosstheroadwithcare.1).care介意；在乎（=mind）Idon’tcarewhathappens.careabout:关心；在意如：Hedoesn’tcareaboutanythingpeoplesay.carefor关心；照顾=takecareof或lookafter喜欢；想要（否或疑）如：Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?bethere2).forsb.随叫随到；不离左右如：Parentsarealwaysthereforchildren.betheretodosth.随时准备帮助如：Sheistheretoworkouttheproblem.20.Idon’treallycareifmyfriendsarethesameasmeordifferent.if:是否；如果我真的不介意是否我的朋友与我一样还是不同。21．Theybothlikesports.他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后）Youarebothtooyoung.TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof…..+名词复数如：Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。both…and…两者都……反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）;either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上）Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。23.Shemademelaughandfeelbetter.(laughatsb.笑话；取笑某人)make/let/havesb.dosth.=getsb.todosth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词:使某人/某事怎样如：Hiswordsmakeushappy.2).24.It’snoteasyformetomakefriends.(makefriendswithsb.与...交朋友)It’s+形容词+forsb.+todosth.:某人做某事怎么样.(It是形式主语，todosth.是真正主语)25.Themostimportantthingistolearnsomethingnewandhavefun.最重要的事情是学习新的东西和过的开心。26.That’swhyIlikereadingbooksandIstudyharderinclass.那是我喜欢读书和在班上更努力学习的原因。Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?1.thebestmovietheater最好的电影院2.thebiggestscreens最大的荧屏3.thebestsound最好的音响4.allkindsof…各种各样的5.theshortestwaitingtime最短的等待时间6.threemealsaday一日三餐7.themostcomfortableseats最舒服的座位takeaseat就坐8.buyclothesthemostcheaply买衣服最便宜9.theworstservice最差的服务10.buyticketsthemostquickly买票最快11.knowthewayaround熟悉周围的路12.choosesongsthemostcarefully选择歌曲最仔细13.thestreetperformers街头表演者14.themostexcitingmagicians最令人兴奋的魔术师15.take…seriously认真对待…16.themostcreativetalentshow最有创意的才艺表演17.andsoon等等18.singthemostbeautifully唱得最动听19.prettyloud相当响亮20．Welcometotheneighborhood!欢迎来到社区！welcometosp.欢迎到…形容词和副词的最高级一、含义1.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级:badly–worse-worst2.最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。（最高级前勿忘the）二．最高级基本句型结构↗系动词+the+adj.(最)of+同类(ofall/us..)1.主语+谓语动词+the+adj./adv.(最)+↘实义动词+(the)+adv.(最）in+范围(inChina...)如：Taraistheyoungestofall.Lindadraws(the)mostcarefullyinherclass.注：1.副词的最高级前可省略“the”：如：sit(the)mostcomfortably坐得最舒适2.最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”：mybestfriend2.Which/Who…+the+最高级…,A,BorC?e.g.Whichdoyoulike(the)best,apples,pearsororanges?3.oneof+the+最高级（形）+名（复）：“最…之一”。e.g.JackChenisoneofthemostfamousactorsintheworld.4.the+序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g.HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.5.Thisisthe+最高级（形）+名（单）+that从句：e.g.ThisistheworstmoviethatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。6.a+最高级（形）+名（单）:表示“非常”。e.g.Springisabestseason.三．原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than→not...as/so...as...e.g.Hespeaksmoreloudlythanme.→Idon’tspeakas/soloudlyashe/him.2、比较级与最高级的转换：theother+名（复）（在范围之内）the+最高级→比较级+than+anyother+名（单）e.g.Jimisthetalleststudentinourclass.Jimistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.Jimistallerthantheotherstudentsinourclass.21.That’suptoyoutodecide.那由你决定。beuptosb.(todecide.)由某人决定beupto(doing)sth.胜任；适合如：Heisn’tuptowatchingtheflowers.What’up?=What’wrong?=What’sthematter?怎么哪？what’smore:另外；还有；再者what’sworse:更糟糕的是22．Howdoyouliketheneighborhoodsofar?sofar:迄今为止；到现在为止同义句：1.Howistheneighborhood?2.Whatdoyouthinkoftheneighborhood?3.Howdoyoufeelabouttheneighborhood?23.Thanksfortellingme.thanks(n):感谢如：manythanks=Thankyouverymuch.thanksfor(doing)sth.=thanksb.for(doing)sth.感谢某人做某事24．Noproblem.1).不客气；（回答感谢）2）、没关系（回答道歉）3).没问题（回答请求）25．---Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?----10minutesbybus.乘车十分钟的路程。26．It’salwaysinterestingtowatchotherpeopleshowtheirtalents.看其他人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意)+sb.watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意)+sb.doingsth.(某次或正在发生)如：Ioftenhearhersing.(经常)Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.(已发生)Isawthemplayingbasketballyesterday.(某次或正在发生)27.全世界：aroundtheworld=intheworld=allovertheworld.28.Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon.所有的这些节目都有一个共同之处。29.Thecinemaistheclosesttomyhome.电影院离我家最近。30．Whenpeoplewatchtheshow,theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.当人们看节目的时候，他们通常扮演着决定获胜者的角色roleplayarolein...在...扮演角色/起作用如：playanimportantroleinthefamilyroleplayaroleof...扮演...角色如：playaroleofareporterplay‘srolewell扮演...角色演得好如：playMulan’srolewell31.Thewinneralwaysgetsaverygoodprize.获胜者总能得到丰厚的奖励。32.Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。33.Onegreatthingaboutthemisthattheygivepeopleawaytomaketheirdreamscometrue.关于这类节目一个很好的事情是他们给人们提供了一个实现他们梦想的方式。givesb.awaytodosth:给某人提供一个做...的方式。cometrue:（梦想等）实现Studyhard,yourdreamwillcometrueoneday.haveatalentfor(doing)sth.：有….的天赋Hehasatalentforpainting.poor35.贫穷的；可怜的如:Sheissuchapoorgirlthatshecan’tbuyatoy.poor糟糕的；质量差的如:I’mpoorinEnglish.Heisinpoorhealth.36.Theplacewhereyoucanenjoyyourtime.你能享受时光的地方Agoodplacetohavefun.一个好玩的地方Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?1.DifferentkindsofTVshowstalkshowssitcomsnewsgameshowstalentshowssportsshowssoapoperasBeijingOperafashionshows(时尚节目)comedyshowscartoon2.Differentkindsofmovies:actionmoviesscarymovies（恐怖片）comedyromance(爱情片)sciencefiction（科幻片）tragedy（悲剧片）documentary（纪录片）3．doagoodjob干得好（welldone）4.somethingenjoyable令人愉快的东西5.asymbolof……的象征6.inthe1930s在二十世纪三十年代7．acartooncharacter一个卡通人物8.disagree/agreewithsb.（不）同意某人的观点或意见plan5.(n)计划：makeaplantodosth.=plantodosth.制定计划做…planmakeaplanforsth.为…制定计划如:makeaplanforyourtrip.(v)计划;打算：plan(todo)sth如:plan(tohave)atrip(planning;planned)stand6.站立：standup代表:standforsth.Ourflagstandsforourcountry.stand容忍（否）:can’tstand(doing)sth.如:Ican’tstandtellinglies.7.---Whatdoyouthinkofsoapoperas?---Idon’tmindthem.1).认为；以为：如:Whatdoyouthinkofsitcoms.thinkof想起；记得：如:Ican’tthinkofhisnamenowthinkof考虑；关心：如:LeiFengalwaysthoughtofotherpeoplefirst.想一想；想象：如:Thinkofthepast,you’llfeelhappier.thinkabout:考虑如:Heisthinkingaboutgoingonvacation.thinkhighly/lightlyofsb./sth.:对…评价甚高/轻视；看重/看轻如:Mr.Blackthinkshighlyofhisstudents.thinkout:想出（=comeupwith=thinkup）如:thinkoutaplanthinkover…:仔细考虑…..如:Letmethinkitover.thinktwice:慎重考虑；三思而后行如:You’dbetterthinktwiceaboutgoingtherealonemind2).(n)头脑；想法；心思如:Outofsight,outofmind眼不见，心不烦mind(v)注意；留心：如:Mindyourhead!当心别碰头！Mindyourownbusiness!别管闲事介意；反对（否，疑问，条状）如:Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?keep...inmind：记住..。makeupone’smindtodosth.下定决心做…..changeone’smind：改变想法beof/intwominds：犹豫不决outofone’smind：失去理智tomymind：依我看Would/Doyoumind(doing)sth.?你介意。。。吗？nevermind：没关系（回答道歉:sorry）；别担心（用于安慰对方:Ibrokethecup.）8.Ihopetofindoutwhat’sgoingonaroundtheworld.hope(n)希望：如:Henevergaveuphishope.hope1.(v)希望：…hopetodosth.;…hope+that从句.Ihopeso.我希望如此。Ihopenot.我不希望如此。wish2．但愿（虚拟）：…wish+that从句.如:IwishthatIwereabird.wish希望：…wish（sb.）todosth.如:Doyoureallywishmetogo?祝愿：wish+sb.+adj./n.如:wishyousuccess;wishyouahappyNewYear.find找到；发现如:Ifoundawalletlyingontheground.我发现一只钱包掉在地上find3.认为；发觉如:Ifounditnecessarytotakeexercise.findout：查明；弄清楚如:You’dbetterfindoutwhobrokethewindow.lookfor：寻找如:Theylookedforiteverywhere,buttheydidn’tfindit.9．WehadadiscussionaboutTVshows.我们讨论了电视节目。discussion(n);discuss(v)haveadiscussionaboutsth.=discuss(about)sth.haveadiscussionwithsb.=discusswithsb.与……讨论10.Iliketofollowthestoryandseewhathappensnext.我喜欢跟着故事的发展看看接下来发生什么。11．Youcanexpecttolearnalot/muchfromsitcoms.你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。expect1).期望；盼望：expectsth/that+从句:Iexpecttheresult.expectexpect(sb.)todosth.Iexpect(you)towinthegame.预料；认为：Iexpectthathewillcomesoon.Iexpe