2022-2023学年福建省泉州市南安市重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年福建省泉州市南安市重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）A

HereisalistoffestivalsandeventstakingplacethroughoutOntario.Youcanchoosewhateversuitsyou.

WinterGlow

Date:December4—27,2022,5:30p.m.—11:00p.m.

Admission:$40perperson

Experienceafamily-friendlyoutdoorwinterfestivalasyoucelebratethemagicofwinterwithiceandsnowsculptures,lifesizesnowglobes,lightshowandmore!

Contact:Julie,Email:julie@ellevents.ca,Phone:6477993187

BarrieWinterfest

Date:February4—5,2023,10:00a.m.—5:00a.m.

Grabyourgloves&celebratewinter!Enjoyspectacularice&snowsculptures,lumber-jack(伐木工)shows,polarbeardip,familyentertainment,drop-inactivities,pancakebreak-fast,andskating.

Contact:ArinDonnelly,Email:arin.donnelly@barrie.ca,Phone:(705)7394285

FamilyDayGeocachingEvent

Date:December21,2022Admission:$24.35

Theeventwillstartwithanintroductiontogeocaching(地理寻宝).Afteronepractice,we'llreviewimportantgeocachingrules,helpfulclues,andsafetyconsiderations.Allequipmentisprovided.Childrenunder12mustbeaccompaniedbypayingadults.

Contact:ShawnHermans,Email:info@,Phone:4164026746

BridgesFestival

Date:December12—14,2022Admission:＄0—35

Puppetry(木偶戏)andtheanimationofinanimateobjectsaresomeoftheoldestartformsknowntohumans.Butgivinglifetolifelessobjectsisnotanartformofthepast.WeareproudtopresentworldclasspuppetryandanimationshortstolocalaudiencesinMississauga.

Contact:AimeePoulin,Email:info@cranecreations.ca,Phone:51492687811.WhatdoWinterGlowandBarrieWinterfesthaveincommon?A.Theybothprovideactivitiesinvolvingice.

B.Theybothhavepolarbeardip.

C.Theybothchargethesameprice.

D.Theybothlasttwodays.2.Whichactivityisunsuitableforakidof11withoutagrown-up'scompany?A.FamilyDayGeocachingEvent. B.BarrieWinterfest.

C.BridgesFestival. D.WinterGlow.3.Ifyouwanttowatchpuppetry,whoshouldyoucontact?A.Julie. B.ArinDonnelly. C.AimeePoulin. D.ShawnHermans.BWhenAmandaLemayheardthestoryaboutabakerandherhusbandwhoweretravelingaroundtheUnitedStatesinavan（厢式货车），learningfromexpertbakers，shewantedtodosomethingsimilar.Soshegotridofmostofherpossessionsandmadeanoldambulancewithherdadintoalovelyhomeonwheels.

Lemay'sambulanceisactuallyaformeremergencyresponsevehiclefortheUSNav，builtona2006FordE350Cutaway.Renovations（改装）weremainlydonebyherandherdad.Nowthedarkbluevehiclehasalotofbuilt-incabinetsonallsides，offeringalotofstoragespace，whiletherooftophas400-wattofsolarpowerpanelsandasmallroofdeckwhereLemaypracticesYoga.TheinsideistastefullydonetosuitLemay'sworkandhobbies.AsLemaymentions，notonlydidherfatherhelp，butalsotherestofherfamily.Lemay'smotherhelpedsewthedecorationsontheremovablecushions，andhersistercraftedtheleatherpulls.

Hercurrentnomadic（流浪式的）lifestylefitswellwithherworkdoingaudiobooks，voiceovers，andpublishingwork.Intheend，thisunexpectedpathhasLemayrethinkingwhatitmeanstobetrulysustainable，nowthatvanlifehasgottenhertobecomeminutelyawareofthewater，electricity，andotherdailyresourcesthatsheuses.Butalltheseday-to-daytroubleisbalancedwithagreatersenseoffreedom.

"It'salmostmind-blowing，itfeelslikeacompletelydifferentlifebecauseI'mdoingtheworkonline，andIcandothingsonmyownschedule.Mostofmydaysaremine—sobylivinginthevan，IcanbewhereIwanttobe，anddothethingsIwanttodo，andspendtimeoutside."4.WhatinspiredAmandatomakeachange？______A.Herownawfullivingconditions.

B.Someexpertbakers'suggestions.

C.Acouple'stravellingexperience.

D.Herparents'continuouspersuasion.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？______A.Therenovationsofthevan.

B.ThetalentsofAmanda'sparents.

C.Thehistoryofthevan..

D.TheattitudesofAmanda'sparents.6.WhichofthefollowingmaybestdescribeAmanda？______A.Selflessandkind-hearted. B.Independentanddetermined.

C.Playfulandromantic. D.Decisiveandadventurous.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Amandaiscompletelyfreefromanyworries.

B.Amandawillreturntoherpreviouslifesoon.

C.Amandafullyvalueshersenseoffreedom.

D.Amandawillinviteherfamilymemberstojoinher.C

Tomostpeople,giraffesaremerelyadorable,long-neckedanimalsthatranknearthetopofazoovisit.Buttocardiovascular(心血管的)scientists,there'sevenmoretolove.Giraffes,asitturnsout,havesolvedaproblemthatkillsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear:highbloodpressure.

Giraffeshavesky-highbloodpressurebecauseoftheirsky-highheadsthat,inadults,riseaboutsixmetersabovetheground—along,longwayfortheirheartstopumpbloodupwardsagainstgravity.Tohaveabloodpressureof110/70inthebrain—normalforalargeanimal—giraffesneedabloodpressureofabout220/180intheheart.Itdoesn'tvex

thegiraffes,butpressurelikethatwouldcauseallsortsofproblemsforpeople,fromheartfailuretokidneyfailuretoabnormalanklesandlegs.

WhenbiologistBarbaraNatterson-Horowitzexaminedgiraffes'hearts,shefoundthattheirleftventricles(心室)didgetthicker,butwithoutfibrosis(纤维化),whichisahealthproblemassociatedwithheartdiseaseandwouldoccurinpeople.Shealsofoundthatgiraffeshavevariantsoffivegenesrelatedtofibrosis.Inkeepingwiththefindings,otherresearcherswhoexaminedgiraffegenesfoundseveralgiraffe-specificgenevariantsrelatedtocardiovasculardevelopmentandsteadybloodpressure.Andin2021,anotherresearchgroupreportedgiraffe-specificvariantsofgenesinvolvedinfibrosis.

Andthegiraffehasanothertricktoavoidheartfailure:Theventricularfillingperiodoftheheartbeatisextended,Natterson-Horowitzfound.Thisallowsthehearttopumpmorebloodwitheachbeat,allowinggiraffestorunharddespitetheirthickerheartmuscle.

Natterson-Horowitzisnowturningherattentiontoanotherproblemgiraffesseemtohavesolved:highbloodpressureduringpregnancy.Forpeople,thiscanleadtosevereillnesses.Yetgiraffesseemtodojustwell.Natterson-Horowitzandherteamarehopingtofindoutiftheyhaveuniqueadaptationsthatallowthis.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vex"inparagraph2mean?A.Frighten. B.Interest. C.Warn. D.Disturb.9.Whycangiraffesresistfibrosis?A.Theyhavehighbloodpressure.

B.Theyhaveslowerheartbeats.

C.Theyhavespecificgenevariants.

D.Theyhavethickerleftventricles.10.WhatwillNatterson-Horowitzandherteamfocusoninthefuture?A.Whatcausesgiraffes'genevariants.

B.Whatmakespregnantgiraffeswell.

C.Whypregnantwomensufferfromillnesses.

D.Whygiraffeshaveuniqueadaptations.11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CardiovascularSecretsofGiraffes

B.StudiesonHeartFibrosisofGiraffes

C.HealthEffectsofGiraffes'LongNecks

D.ReasonsforMan'sHighBloodPressureDHowdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work？Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare？Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves？Tofindananswer，scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies，theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare，theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s，scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean，wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale，whileonland，wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey，scientistssay，becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.12.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？______A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

D.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.13.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？______A.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.

B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.

C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.

D.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.14.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4？______A.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.

B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.

C.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.

D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.15.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？______A.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.

B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.

C.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.

D.Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）IfyouhavewatchedtheamazingBeijing2022WinterOlympics，chancesarethatyouhavefalleninlovewithsomewintersportsandyou'realreadymakingsureyourequipmentisreadyforthem.（1）______However，there'sanotherelementtogetreadyfortheslopes（坡）—yourbody.Evenifyouexerciseregularly，skiing，snowshoeingorskatingchallengesyourmusclesinwaysotheractivitiesdon't.

（2）______Yourmetabolism（新陈代谢）increasestowarmyouup.Yourheartandlungsalsoneedtoworkhardertowarmairbeforeitentersyourbody.Dependingonthesport，certainmusclesmayalsobeusedmorefrequentlycomparedtoactivitiesinotherseasons.Thegoodnewsisthatmostwintersportsinvolveheartendurance（耐力），musclestrengthandmuscleendurance.（3）______

Buttherearestillsomeotherthingstothinkabout.Skiingandsnowboardingaregreatwintersportsthatprovideatotalbodyworkout.（4）______Asanyonewhohasspenttimeskiingorsnowboardingcanprove，afteralongdayontheslopes，thebodybecomesextremelytired.（5）______Toavoidthis，youneedtotakesometimetostrengthenyourbodyandimproveendurance.Beforethewinterseason，aregularexerciseprogramshouldincludeexercisesthatgetthebloodrunningwhilechallengingtheentirebody，suchasstairclimbingorrunning.Theintensityshouldvaryfrom20—45minutesatleast3to5daysaweek.Aswinternears，addingacardio（有氧的）workoutlongerindurationbutlowerinintensitycanhelpincreaseendurance.

A.Maybeyouhaven'tboughtalltheequipment.

B.Andthatiswheninjuriesaremorelikelytooccur.

C.Exercisinginthecolddecreasesyourbodytemperature.

D.Youshouldtakeadvantageofthisopportunitytohavearest.

E.Probably，youhavegotyourskistunedandskatessharpened.

F.Allofthemareareasthatcanbetrainedbeforethewinterseason.

G.However，itcanbehardonthebodythefirsttimeyouhittheslopes.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）AnousheHusainhaspackedmoreintoher35yearsthanmostpeoplemanageinalife-time.Born（1）______herrightarmbelowtheelbow，Husainthrewherselfinto（2）______asayoungster.Buthandsurgery，thenatwo-yearstrugglewithcancer，putan（3）______tothatpassion."Surgeryleftmewithmoving（4）______andstrengthissues，"shesays."Iwassedentary（需要久坐的）forlong.Thenafriendtoldmetogorockclimbing."

Themoment（5）______everything."Ineededmuchbalanceandskilltodothesamemovesasher，"saysHusain."Butbyconcentratingonit，I（6）______myillness.Iwasjustaclimber.That（7）______mademeconfident.SoaftermovingtoLondonfromLuxembourgin2015，Istarted（8）______inFinsburyPark.Ididn'tmeetanyotherdisabledclimbersinLondon，whichseemed（9）______Climbingwithable-bodiedpeople，Isometimesfelt（10）______asayoungwomanwithcancer."

Eventually，Husainentereda（11）______."Igotacoachandby2016，IwasrankedsecondintheUK，andlaterwenttotheIFSCClimbingWorldCup，"shesays."（12）______，Imetmanyotherdisabledclimberswhosaiditwasa（13）______thatweonlymetupforevents.Soin2017，Isetupa（14）______fordisabledclimbers."Withinaweek，shehadover50members.Thatfirstyear，sheranover40sessions."It（15）______mylife，"shesays.21.

A.missing B.moving C.testing D.exercising22.

A.work B.sport C.nature D.performance23.

A.end B.order C.idea D.agreement24.

A.guarantee B.energy C.training D.difficulty25.

A.formed B.proved C.changed D.discovered26.

A.recorded B.forgot C.rewarded D.collected27.

A.request B.action C.feeling D.opportunity28.

A.studying B.living C.walking D.climbing29.

A.primitive B.interesting C.incredible D.meaningful30.

A.lonely B.attractive C.angry D.satisfied31.

A.debate B.routine C.process D.competition32.

A.Generally B.Unexpectedly C.Hopefully D.Unluckily33.

A.shame B.wonder C.surprise D.pleasure34.

A.company B.club C.comment D.country35.

A.cameacross B.dependedon C.tookup D.broughtabout四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.TheChinesefolkdanceisamicrocosm（缩影）ofthecountry'srichculture.Thepeacockdanceisa（1）______（tradition）folkdanceoftheDaiminority.

TheDaipeopleareknownfortheirdancingandsingingskills.It'ssaidthatmore（2）______athousandyearsago，theDaiminority'sheadlearnedtodancethrough（3）______（copy）theelegantgesturesofthepeacock.Afterwards，thedance（4）______（promote）bylatergenerationsandspreadwidely.In（5）______mindoftheDaipeople，thepeacockisasymbolofhappiness.

Thedancemovementsareusuallyperformedinafixedorder.Thedancestartswithapeacockflyingoutfrom（6）______（it）nestandlookingaroundcautiously.It（7）______（wander）aroundthewildsearchingforfood.Havinghaditsfill，thepeacockthengoestotheriverbanktobatheandplayinthewater.Afterthat，itshakesthewaterdropsoffandcombsitsfeathers.When（8）______（compete）withotherpeacocks，itdisplaysitsbeautifultailtoitsrivalsanditsbeloved.Attheendofthedance，thepeacockspreadsoutitswingsandfliesjoyfullyintothesky.

（9）______（show）alivelypeacock，dancersmustusearangeofhandmovementsandeyeexpressions.Theirkneesmustbeveryflexible，（10）______isafeatureoftheDaidance.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.上周六，你校组织学生到世纪公园参加植树活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请以AMeaningfulActivity为题，写一篇报道，内容包括：（1）活动目的；（2）活动过程；（3）活动意义。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

AMeaningfulActivity

38.Ineededtodosomethinginmycommunityinordertocompletethecommunityservicehoursrequiredtograduatefromhighschool.Someofmyfriendshadsigneduptospendtimeatasoupkitchen，soIdid，too.Itseemedlikeagoodthingtodo.

Ithoughtthatwewouldjustbepassingoutdinnerstothoseinneed，butIfoundoutwewouldbedoingeverythingfrompreparingtoservingthedinner.Webeganpreparingthefood，frommixingsaladdressingtoseparatingfrozenmeat.Muchstillneededtobedonebeforedinnerwasserved，butalreadyoutsidethebuildingmanyhomelesspeopleweregathering.Itwasn'tuntilacoupleofhourslaterthatweopenedthedoorsandbeganservingdinner.

Asthelineofpeoplecametowardme，Igotalittlescared.I'dcomefacetofacewiththehomeless.HowshouldIact？Howwouldtheytreatme？Wouldtheyhatemeforhavingmorethantheydid？Whilesomeofthepeoplelookedveryfriendly，someofthemlookedsodangerous.Ididn'thavetoomuchtimetoworryaboutit.Iwasassigned（分配）toservethesaladwiththeladynexttome.ShesmiledatmeandsaidifIneededhelp，she'dberightthere，whichIfoundquitecomforting.

Ihadneverseensomanypeoplewantingfood.Theywereofallagesandnationalities.Mostofthemworeclothesthatweretornanddirty.Somelookedliketheyhadtotallygivenuponlife，whileothersseemedtobemakingthebestofthesituation，smilingandjoking.Somewerebetteroffthanothers，buttheyallneededagoodmealandawarmplacetoeat.Itsaddenedmetothinkofhowmanypeopletherewerewhodidn'thaveaplacetocallhomeandtheonlyfoodtheygotcamefromasoupkitchen.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右：

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Astheycameinmydirection，Iputonmybrightestandhappiestsmile.

IwassohappythatIhadearnedmyservicehoursinthisway.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、A、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了安大略省各地举行的节日和活动。

1.

根据可知WinterGlow下的“iceandsnowsculptures”和BarrieWinterfest下的“ice&snowsculptures”可知，WinterGlow和BarrieWinterfest的共同点是它们都提供与冰有关的活动。故选A。

2.

根据原文FamilyDayGeocachingEvent下的Childrenunder12mustbeaccompaniedbypayingadults.（12岁以下儿童必须由付费成人陪同。）可知，不适合没有成年人陪伴的11岁孩子的是FamilyDayGeocachingEvent。故选A。

3.

根据WeareproudtopresentworldclasspuppetryandanimationshortstolocalaudiencesinMississauga.（我们很自豪地向米西索加的当地观众展示世界一流的木偶和动画短片。）以及Contact：Aimee

Poulin可知，如果你想看木偶戏，应该联系AimeePoulin。故选C。

4~7.【答案】C、A、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的WhenAmandaLemayheardthestoryaboutabakerandherhusbandwhoweretravelingaroundtheUnitedStatesinavan（厢式货车），learningfromexpertbakers，shewantedtodosomethingsimilar.（当阿曼达•利梅（AmandaLemay）听说一个面包师和她的丈夫坐着面包车周游美国，向面包师专家学习的故事时，她想做类似的事情。）可知，一对夫妻的旅行经历激励她去做这样的一个改变。故选C。

（2）段落大意题。根据第二段内容Lemay'sambulanceisactuallyaformeremergencyresponsevehiclefortheUSNavy，builtona2006FordE350Cutaway.Renovationsweremainlydonebyherandherdad.Nowthedarkbluevehiclehasalotofbuilt-incabinetsonallsides，offeringalotofstoragespace，whiletherooftophas400-wattofsolarpowerpanelsandasmallroofdeckwhereLemaypracticesYoga.TheinsideistastefullydonetosuitLemay'sworkandhobbies.AsLemaymentions，notonlydidherfatherhelp，butalsotherestofherfamily.Lemay'smotherhelpedsewthedecorationsontheremovablecushions，andhersistercraftedtheleatherpulls."（Lemay的救护车实际上是美国海军的一辆前应急车辆，是在一辆2006年的福特E350切割车上建造的。装修工作主要由她和她父亲完成。现在这辆深蓝色的车四面都有很多内置的橱柜，提供了很大的存储空间，而屋顶有400瓦的太阳能电池板和一个小的屋顶平台，Lemay在那里练习瑜伽。内部是有品位的做，以适应Lemay的工作和爱好。正如Lemay提到的，不仅她的父亲帮助了她，她的家人也帮助了她。Lemay的母亲帮忙缝制可拆卸坐垫上的装饰品，她的姐姐制作皮革拉环。）可知，第二段主要讲述的是面包车的翻新。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第一段中的shewantedtodosomethingsimilar.Soshegotridofmostofherpossessionsandmadeanoldambulancewithherdadintoalovelyhomeonwheels.（她想做类似的事情。所以她扔掉了她的大部分财产，和她爸爸一起把一辆旧救护车改装成了一个可爱的有轮子的家。）以及最后一段It'salmostmind-blowing，itfeelslikeacompletelydifferentlifebecauseI'mdoingtheworkonline，andIcandothingsonmyownschedule.Mostofmydaysaremine-sobylivinginthevan，IcanbewhereIwanttobe，anddothethingsIwanttodo，andspendtimeoutside.（这几乎是令人兴奋的，感觉就像完全不同的生活，因为我在网上工作，我可以按照自己的时间表做事情。我的大部分时间都是我自己的，所以住在车里，我可以去我想去的地方，做我想做的事情，在户外消磨时间。）可知，她是果断的，决定了就去做，也是具有冒险精神的这样的人。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段中的Butalltheseday-to-daytroubleisbalancedwithagreatersenseoffreedom.（但所有这些日常的麻烦都与一种更大的自由感相平衡。）以及最后一段中的Mostofmydaysaremine-sobylivinginthevan，IcanbewhereIwanttobe，anddothethingsIwanttodo，andspendtimeoutside.（我的大部分时间都是我自己的，所以住在车里，我可以去我想去的地方，做我想做的事情，在户外消磨时间。）可推知，Amanda很重视她的自由感。故选C。

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公AmandaLemay听说一个面包师和她的丈夫坐着面包车周游美国，向面包师专家学习的故事后，她想做类似的事情，并且通过做这样的事情实现了自己的愿望。

考查记叙文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

8~11.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究说明长颈鹿的心血管方面有独特的适应性。

1.

划线词句Tohaveabloodpressureof110/70inthebrain—normalforalargeanimal—giraffesneedabloodpressureofabout220/180intheheart.Itdoesn'tvex

thegiraffes,butpressurelikethatwouldcauseallsortsofproblemsforpeople,fromheartfailuretokidneyfailuretoabnormalanklesandlegs.（要想让大脑中的血压达到110/70——这对大型动物来说是正常的——长颈鹿需要心脏中的血压达到220/180左右。它不会让长颈鹿烦恼，但这样的压力会给人们带来各种各样的问题，从心力衰竭到肾衰竭，再到脚踝和腿的异常）从而推知划线词句部分Itdoesn'tvexthegiraffes（它不会vex长颈鹿），其中划线词汇应为“困扰，使成为问题”的意思，选项D“打扰，使烦恼”与之意义最为接近。故选D。

2.

根据第三段中WhenbiologistBarbaraNatterson-Horowitzexaminedgiraffes'hearts,...fivegenesrelatedtofibrosis.（当生物学家BarbaraNtterson-Horowitz检查长颈鹿的心脏时，她发现它们的左心室确实变厚了，但没有纤维化，纤维化是一种与心脏病有关的健康问题，会发生在人类身上。她还发现长颈鹿有五种与纤维化有关的基因变异）以及Andin2021,anotherresearchgroupreportedgiraffe-specificvariantsofgenesinvolvedinfibrosis.（2021年，另一个研究小组报告称，长颈鹿特有的基因变异与纤维化有关）可知，因为长颈鹿有特定的基因变异，所以能抵抗纤维化。故选C。

3.

根据最后一段中Natterson-Horowitzisnowturningherattentiontoanotherproblemgiraffesseemtohavesolved:highbloodpressureduringpregnancy.Forpeople,thiscanleadtosevereillnesses.Yetgiraffesseemtodojustwell.（Natterson-Horowitz现在把注意力转向长颈鹿似乎已经解决的另一个问题：怀孕期间的高血压。对人来说，这会导致严重的疾病。然而长颈鹿似乎做得很好）可知，Natterson-Horowitz和她的团队未来将专注于怀孕长颈鹿高血压而仍然不会生病的原因。故选B。

4.

通读全文，根据第一段中Buttocardiovascular(心血管的)scientists,there'sevenmoretolove.Giraffes,asitturnsout,havesolvedaproblemthatkillsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear:highbloodpressure.（但对心血管科学家来说，还有更多值得爱的东西。事实证明，长颈鹿解决了一个每年导致数百万人死亡的问题：高血压）等可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究，研究说明长颈鹿的心血管方面有独特的适应性。选项A“长颈鹿的心血管秘密”符合主题，适合做标题。故选A。

12~15.【答案】D、A、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Tofindananswer，scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.（为了找到答案，科学家们建立了食物网的数学模型，记录了谁吃谁以及每个人吃多少。）和第二段中Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.（通过这些模型，科学家们发现了食物网运行的一些关键原理。）可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键原理，也就是管理生态系统食物网的规则，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s，scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.（数学模型还表明，食物网可能是不稳定的，顶级捕食者的微小变化可能会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。20世纪60年代，科学家提出，食物网顶端的捕食者对其他物种的种群规模有着惊人的控制力，包括它们不会直接攻击的物种。）可知，处于食物网顶端的捕食者对其他动物有着惊人的控制能力。因此，如果食物链顶端动物数量大大下降，其他物种将经历意想不到的变化。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean，wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale，whileonland，wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.（无计划的人类活动证明了顶级捕食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们以工业规模捕捞鳕鱼等顶级捕食者，而在陆地上，我们杀死了狼等大型捕食者。这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。）可知，本段通过例子说明了不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选C。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey，scientistssay，becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.（科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统。理想情况下，该系统会告诉我们何时调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活动，甚至让我们将生态系统从临界点拉回来。科学家们说，预防是关键，因为一旦生态系统超过临界点，它们就很难恢复。）可知，通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号，告知我们何时需要人类行动去帮助维持生态平衡。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原理。科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统，该系统将告诉我们何时人类活动的参与会将生态系统推向崩溃，或者将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回来。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】E、C、F、G、B【解析】（1）E．推理判断题。E项"Probably，youhavegotyourskistunedandskatessharpened.（也许，你的滑雪板已经调好了，冰鞋也磨快了。）"与上文"IfyouhavewatchedtheamazingBeijing2022WinterOlympics，chancesarethatyouhavefalleninlovewithsomewintersportsandyou'realreadymakingsureyourequipmentisreadyforthem.（如果你观看了令人惊叹的北京2022年冬奥会，很可能你爱上了一些冬季运动，并且你已经开始确保你的装备准备好了。）"中的"makingsureyourequipmentisready"呼应。故选E。

（2）C．推理判断题。根据后文"Yourmetabolism（新陈代谢）increasestowarmyouup.Yourheartandlungsalsoneedtoworkhardertowarmairbeforeitentersyourbody.（你的新陈代谢增加使你暖和起来。在空气进入身体之前，你的心脏和肺也需要更加努力地加热空气。）"可知，这两句话承接了C项"Exercisinginthecolddecreasesyourbodytemperature.（在寒冷中锻炼会降低你的体温。）"因为有前文的"decreasesyourbodytemperature"，才会有后文的"warmyouup"。故选C。

（3）F．推理判断题。F项"Allofthemareareasthatcanbetrainedbeforethewinterseason.（所有这些都是冬季训练可以训练的部位。）"中的主语"Allofthem"指代上文"Thegoodnewsisthatmostwintersportsinvolveheartendurance（耐力），musclestrengthandmuscleendurance.（好消息是，大多数冬季运动都涉及心脏耐力、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力。）"中提到的"heartendurance（耐力），musclestrengthandmuscleendurance"。故选F。

（4）G．推理判断题。G项"However，itcanbehardonthebodythefirsttimeyouhittheslopes.（然而，当你第一次踏上斜坡时，身体可能吃不消。）"中的"itcanbehardonthebody"与后文"Asanyonewhohasspenttimeskiingorsnowboardingcanprove，afteralongdayontheslopes，thebodybecomesextremelytired.（任何花时间滑雪或单板滑雪的人都可以证明，在斜坡上度过漫长的一天之后，身体会变得非常疲惫。）"中"thebodybecomesextremelytired"呼应。故选G。

（5）B．细节理解题。B项"Andthatiswheninjuriesaremorelikelytooccur.（而那是更容易受伤的时候。）"中的that指前文"Asanyonewhohasspenttimeskiingorsnowboardingcanprove，afteralongdayontheslopes，thebodybecomesextremelytired.（任何花时间滑雪或单板滑雪的人都可以证明，在斜坡上度过漫长的一天之后，身体会变得非常疲惫。）"中的"thebodybecomesextremelytired"，后文"Toavoidthis（为了避免这种情况）"中的this指B项中injuries。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何为冬季运动做好热身准备。

"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排