2017年12月四级真题第3套

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericanslivinginthe1990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertainment,commerce,research,andcommunicationbecamecommonplaceintheU.S.Thedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasa(n)(26)_____popularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringthe1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggestedthe(27)_____ofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfromanotherterminal.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunitewithotherscientists.TheInternet(28)_____undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.OneearlyproblemfacedbyInternetuserswasaspeed.Phonelinescouldonlytransmitinformationata(29)_____rate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-optic(光纤)cablesallowedforbillionsofbitsofinformationtobereceivedeveryminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe(30)_____signalsatamorerapidspeed.Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,for(31)_____purposes.Corprationscreatedhomepageswheretheycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hotel(32)_____,andevencarsandhomescouldbepurpasedonline.Universities

(33)_____researchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind(34)_____informationwithoutleavingtheirdormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand(35)_____online,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnalivingfromhomeofficesunshavenandwearingpajamas(睡衣).A)advantage I)maintainedB)commercial J)occupationsC)conversation K)postedD)equipped L)remainedE)incoming M)reservationsF)innovation N)submittedG)limited O)valuableH)localSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofKnittingA)About15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.Iagreedtogiveitatry.B)Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织),andIwasonmywaytobecomingahighlyproductivecrafter.C)Ihavemadecountless

babyblankets,sweaters,vests,shawls,scarves,hats,mittens,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIhaddiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.D)Itseems,too,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工艺).TheCraftYarnCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25to35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongknittinggroup.36.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.37.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.38.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.39.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprolongsone’slife.40.Knittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain.41.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.42.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.43.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelivestress.44.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitivedamage.45.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-respect.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosis.What’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslum(贫民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelofincomethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.Governmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙带关系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountiesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthatincomewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?A)Theyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheworld.B)Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher.C)Theyareasmodernizedasmanycitieselsewhere.D)Theyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetteroff.47.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanizationinotherpartsoftheworld?A)Itbenefitedfromthecontributionofimmigrants.B)Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.C)Itbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinproductivity.D)Itstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’slivelihood.48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?A)Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.B)Thelivingexpensestherearetoohigh.C)Itisonthewholetoodenselypopulated.D)Thelocalgovernmentsarecorrupted.49.InwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?A)Theyhaveattractedhugenumbersoffarmlabourers.B)Theystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalproductivity.C)Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.D)Theydependfarmoreonforeigninvestment.50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?A)Loweringofapartmentrent.B)Bettereducationforresidents.C)Morerationaloverallplanning.D)Amoreresponsiblegovernment.PassageTwoQuestion51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthatthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsideforces—werethedecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewperspectivesandlifeexperiences.Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks“personaldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave_____.A)anadvancedacademicdegreeB)anambitiontogetaheadC)afirmbeliefintheirdreamD)asenseofdriveandpurpose52.Whatis