2017届上海市杨浦区高三英语二模

杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三英语学科试卷2017.4=2\*ROMANII.GrammarandVocabularySectionAIwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedtobein__21__60s.Whenitwasherturntopay,thecashiergreetedherbynameandaskedherhowshewasdoing.Thewomanlookeddown,___22___（shake）herheadandsaid:“Notsogood.”Myhusbandjustlosthisjobandmysonisuptohisoldtricksagain.Thetruthis,Idon’tknowhowI’mgoingtogetthroughtheholidays.”Thenshegavethecashierfoodstamps.Myheartached.Iwantedtohelpbutdidn’tknowhow.（23）______Ioffertopayforhergroceriesoraskforherhusband’sresume?AsIwalkedintotheparkinglot,Isawthewomen___（24）（return）hershoppingcart.Irememberedsomethinginmypurse（25）________Ithoughtcouldhelpher.Itwasn’tahandfulofcashoranofferofajobforherhusband,butmaybeitwouldmakeherlifebetter.MyheartpoundedasIapproachedthewoman.“Excuseme,”Isaid,myvoicetremblingabit.“Icouldn’thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.Itsoundslikeyou’regoingthroughareallyhardtimerightnow.I’msosorry.I’dliketogiveyousomething.”Ihandedherthesmallcardfrommypurse.Whenthewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords,shebegantocry.Andthroughhertears,shesaid：“Youhavenoidea（26）_______thismeanstome.”Iwasalittlestartledbyherreply.（27）________（notdo）anythinglikethisbefore,Ididn’tknowwhatkindofreactionImightreceive.Allleftforme(28)_______（say）was：“Oh.WoulditbeOKtogiveyouahug?”（29）________weembraced,Iwalkedbacktomycar--andbegantocry,too.Thewordsonthecard?“YouMatter.”Afewweeksearlier,acolleaguegavemeasimilarcard（30）____encouragementforaprojectIwasworkingon.WhenIreadthecard,Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme.Deeplytouched,IcamehomeandorderedmyownboxofYouMattercardandstartedsharingthem.SectionBtechnologyB.contemporaryC.stretchedD.hiddenE.recognizedF.discoveryG.updatedH.extensiveI.countlessJ.estimatedK.definitionMostofuslearnatprimaryschoolthattherearesevencontinents,butthenextgenerationofkidsmaybeaddingonemoretothatlist.AccordingtoarecentpaperpublishedintheGeologicalSocietyofAmericanJournalbyagroupofresearchers,“Zealandia”isanewcontinentthat’s___31___beneaththeocean.Zealandiais___32___tobefivemillionsqkm.Mostofthismassiveareaiscoveredbywater,butitshighestmountainsalreadyhavetheirownname：NewZealand.ThesmallcountryistheonlypartofZealandiathatisn’tunderwater,butthepaper’sauthorswantthehugelandmasstobe___33___worldwideasitsowncontinent.“ThescientificvalueofclassifyingZealandiaasacontinentismuchmorethanjustanextranameonalist,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.ScientistsdiscoveredZealandiaallthewaybackin1995,thenstarted___34___researchontheareausingunderwaterandsatellitemapping___35___.Aftercompletingtheirwork,theywerefinallyabletowriteareportsuggestingthatZealandiabenamedacontinent.Butwhodecidesonwhatisacontinentandwhatisn’t?Thereis,infact,noofficialorganizationthatdoes.Somecountries’schoolsteachthattherearesixorevenfivecontinents.Thischangesdependingonwhereintheworldschoolis.Duetotheir__36__asa“continuousexpanseofland”,someclassifyEuropeandAsiaasthesamecontinent--knownasEurasia.SchoolsinRussiaandpartsofEasternEuropeteachthis.Andtomakethingsevenmoreconfusing,FranceandGreece,aswellasothercountries,classifyNorthAmericaandSouthAmericaassimplyAmerica.Thisargumentoverhowlandisdefinedhaseven___37___intoouterspace.In2006,theInternationalAstronomicalUnion（IAU）decidedthatPlutowasnolongeraplanet,76yearsafterits___38___in1930.Expertsarguedthatitnolongermettherequirementsneededtobecalledaplanetalongsidetheeightothersinoursolarsystem.Itwasthereforerenameda“dwarfplanet（矮行星）”，meaningthat___39___books,modelsandmuseumexhibitsallovertheworldhadtobe___40___.ButwilltheworldtakethesamenoticeofZealandia?Thebestwaytotellistokeepaneyeonourtextbooks.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionAGoodnewsforawkwardteenagersaroundtheworld.Astimegoesby,youcould___41___uplikeacompletelydifferentperson.Thiscomesfromthelongestrunningpersonalitystudyever___42__byscientist.AccordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghintheUK,ourpersonalitychangessomuchfromyouthtooldagethatmostpeople’spersonalitiesinolderagearebarely___43___comparedtotheiryoungerselves.Theresearchersanalyzedresultsfromastudyin1947,whichgathered1,208teenagersinScotlandaged14andaskedtheirteachersto___44___theirpersonalitiesbasedonsixtraits（特征）.Now,morethansixdecadeslater,theUniversityofEdinburghteamhasmanagedtocontact635ofthe___45___students,and174agreedtohavetheirpersonalitiestestedoncemore.Atanaverageageof76.7yearsold,thegroupwereaskedto___46___themselvesonthesamesixpersonalitytraits,thenpickaclosefriendorfamilymembertodothesame.By___47___thethen-and-nowtestresults,theresearchersfoundthatthereishardlyanyrelationshipbetweentraitspeoplehadasteenagersandthoseintheirolderyears.Itwas“asifthesecondtestshadbeengivento___48___people,”thestudy’sresearcherswroteintheirreport,whichwaspublishedinjournalPsychologyandAging.Theresultswereasurprisebecauseresearchinthepastfoundpersonality___49___inpeopletestedfromchildhoodtomiddle-age,andfrommiddle-agetoolderage.Astheteamexplained,ourpersonalityappearsstableovershortintervals--___50___sothroughoutadulthood.___51___,thelongertheintervalbetweentwotestsofpersonality,the___52___therelationshipbetweenthetwotendstobe.It’sclearthatmorestudiesareneededtofindoutwhat’sgoingonhere.Butitcouldbethefirst___53___thatit’snotjustourcellsthatarebeing___54___throughoutlife–thewaywethink,feelandbehavemightnobeas___55___asweoncethought.41.A.hold B.wake C.end D.cheer42.A.carriedoutB.appliedtoC.participatedin D.madeup43.A.incredible B.accessibleC.changeable D.recognizable44.A.assemble B.assess C.assume D.access45.A.alternative B.individual C.original D.separate46.A.score B.rate C.comment D.remarkA.July2018 B.January2018C.July2017 D.October201762.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutAfricanSafari?A.Youcanhaveagoodpricebutsameexperienceifyoutravelinlowseason.B.Ifyouvisitdifferentcampsinremoteareas,flightsmaybeunavoidable.C.Themoremoneyyoupay,thebetterexperienceyou’llget.D.Notalltheparkshavethesamespeciesofanimals.（C）Abusybraincanmeanahungrybody.Weoftenseekfoodafterfocusedmentalactivity,likepreparingforanexam.Researchersthinkthatheavyboutsofthinkingdrainenergyfromthebrain,whosecapacitytostorefuelisverylimited.Sothebrain,sensingthatitmaysoonrequiremorecalories（卡路里）tokeepgoing,apparentlystimulatesbodilyhunger,andeventhoughtherehasbeenlittleinthewayofphysicalmovementbodilyhunger,andeventhoughtherehasbeenlittleinthewayofphysicalmovementorcalorieconsumption,weeat.Thisprocessmaypartlyaccountfortheweightgainsocommonlyseenincollegestudents.ScientistsattheUniversityofAlabamaatBirminghamandanotherinstitutionrecentlyexperimentedwithexercisetocountersuchimmoderatelypost--studyfoodconsumption.GaryHunter,anexercisephysiologistatU.A.B.,oversawthestudy.Hunternotesthattoughactivitybothincreasestheamountofbloodsugarandlactate（乳酸盐）—circulatinginthebloodandincreasesbloodflowtothehead.Becausethebrainusessugarandlactateasfuel,researcherswonderediftheincreasedflowoffuel-richbloodduringexercisecouldfeedanexhaustedbrainandreducetheurgetoovereat.Thirty--eighthealthycollegestudentswereinvitedtoU.A.B.’sexerciselabtoreportwhattheirfavoritepizzawas.Atalaterdate,thevolunteersreturnedandspent20minutesdealingwithselectionsfromcollegeandgraduate--schoolentranceexams.Next,halfthestudentssatquietlyfor15minutes,beforebeinggivenpizza.Therestofthevolunteersspentthose15minutesdoingintervalsonatreadmill:twominutesofhardrunningfollowedbyaboutoneminuteofwalking,repeatedfivetimes.Huntersays,thatshouldstimulatethereleaseofsugarandlactateintothebloodstream.Thesestudentswerethenallowedtogorgeonpizza,too.Butbyandlarge,theydidnotovereat.Infact,thenon-exercisers,however,consumedabout100caloriesmore.Thestudyhaslimitations,ofcourse.Weonlylookedatlunch.Huntersays；theresearchersdonotknowiftherunnersconsumedextracaloriesatdinner.Theyalsocannottellwhetherothertypesofexercisewouldhavethesameeffectasrunning,althoughHuntersaystheysuspectthatifanactivitycausessomeonetobreakintoasweat,itshouldalsoincreasebloodsugarandlactate,feedingthebrainandweakeninghunger’scall.63.Accordingtothepassage,______maycausemanycollegestudentstoovereatandgainweight.A.alotofenergy-consumingmentalactivitiesB.numerousphysicalmovementsorcalorieburningC.failuretoresistthetemptationofdeliciousfoodD.bodilyhungercausedbyphysicalgrowth64.Theunderlinedword“counter”isclosestinmeaningto_____. A.stimulate B.maximize C.balance D.prevent65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Runningismorebeneficialthanwalking.B.Sweatinginexercisecanmakepeoplehungrier.C.Theamountofbloodsugarandlactatecanaffectpeople’sappetite.D.Whenthebrainfeelsexhausted,peopletendtodoexerciseforrelaxation.66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE? A.Mentalactivitiescanmakepeoplefeelhungry. B.Physicalexercisecanmakepeoplerefreshedandstayhungry. C.Sugarandlactatecanhelpenergizeandrestorepeople’sbrain. D.It’suncertainwhattypesofexercisecaneffectivelyfeedthebrain.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Whensomethingcomesfromwithinyou,youalwaystryyourbesttoanalyzeitinascientificway.B.PsychologistscallthisprivatespeechlanguagethatisspokenloudbutdirectedatyourselfC.Sowordstotheself,spokensilentlyorloud,aresomuchmorethanjustchatterD.Wekeeptheprivatespeechweuseaschildreninsidebutwenevertrulyputawaytheout=loudversion.E.Accordingtohewell-knownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness.F.Self-talkisefficientbecausewhenwearevocalaboutourthoughts,itmakesalargerimpactonourbrain.Self-talkhelpsusallTalkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Ifyou’veeverbeenoverheardcriticizingyourselfforafoolishmistakeorpracticingaspeech,you’llknowthesocialproblemsitcancause.________67__________Butthere’snoneedforembarrassment.Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isvaluable.Farfrombeingasignofinsanity,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivitiesandcontrolouremotions.Forexample,takeatriptoanypreschoolandwatchasmallgirlplayingwithhertoys.Youareverylikelytohearhertalkingtoherself:offeringherselfdirectionsandtalkingaboutherproblems.________________68_______________Wedoalotofitwhenweareyoung.Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianPsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtocontrolouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.Aswegrowolder,wekeepthissysteminside.Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthatthisso-calledinnerspeechcanimproveourperformanceintasksliketellingwhatotherpeoplearethinking.Ourwordsgiveusaninterestingviewofouractions.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenwetalktoourselvesinthesecondperson:as“you”ratherthan“I”_____________69___________________Ifyouwantproof,turntoasportschannel.You’resuretoseeanathleteshoutingathimselforherself.Talkingtoourselvesseemstobeaverygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Hearingdifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupindifferentplace,justlikearegulardialogue,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeystohumancreativity.Bothkindsofself-talksilentandoutloudseemtobringmanydifferentbenefitstoourthinking._____________70_______-SummaryWritingDirections;Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinmorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavesailedacrosstheoceanstotrade,exploreandtransportgoods.However,noteveryshiparrivesatitsportofdestination.Weather,war,navigationmistakesandbadluckhavecausedmanyshipstosinktothebottomoftheocean.Theseshipwrecks,whichareestimatedtonumbermorethanthreemillion,havelongfascinatedus.Inadditiontobeinghistoricallyimportant,theysometimescontaingreatriches.Historicalresearchisakeymotivatorforshipwreckhunters.Shipscarryingdocumentsandartifactcanteachusaboutancientcivilizationsandimportantevents.Forinstance,in1997thePandora,whichsankin791,wasdiscoveredoffthecoastofAustralia.Thefindingsfromtheshiphelpedusunderstandtheeventssurroundingthefamousmutiny(暴动)onanothershiptheBounty.AnotherimportantdiscoveryofftheUScoastin1996iswidelybelievedtobetheQueenAnn’sRevenge,theflagshipoftheprivateBlackbeard.Profitisanothermotiveforshipwreckexploration,ascompaniesuseadvancedsonar,robotsandretrievalequipmenttofindtreasureships.OnesuchfirmisOdysseyMarineExploration.Thecompanyhasfoundhundredsofships,including,in2007,aSpanishsailingshipcontaining500,000silvercoins.Theship,whichsank200yearsagointheAtlanticOcean,carriedatreasureestimatedtobeworth$500million.Soonafterthediscovery,alo