2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.翻译题但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情况下，这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话，也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他的情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。2.写作题Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.3.单选题问题1选项A.sentupB.sentoffC.sentoutD.sentin4.单选题Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.问题1选项A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze5.单选题Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually6.单选题Agoodwayto（）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.问题1选项A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.enquire7.单选题SomeofmyclassmatesinthesamedormestablishedachattinggroupontheNetwhenbroadbandwasavailableoncampus.Theneveryonefacedtheirownlaptopsandtalkedtoeachotherbysendingmessagesinthechattinggroupinthesameroom.Theirdormwassilentthewholenight.Theonlysoundcamefromtappingthekeyboard.Beforetheywenttobedthatnight,allofthemsighedandsaid,“that’sridiculous.”InformationTechnologybringsaboutrevolutionarychangestohumancommunication.TheInternetmakestheworldglobalvillage;thatistosay,wecangetintouchwitheachotherswiftlyregardlessofone’slocation.However,doestheconvenienceincommunicationmeanthatweareactuallygettingcloser?Idon’tthinkso.Astheanecdoteaboveshows,accesstobroadbandmademyfellowclassmatesfallinsilence.TheCambridgeInternationalDictionarydefines“communication”as“variousmethodsofsendinginformationbetweenpeopleandplaces.”whileitdefines“communicate”as“tobeabletounderstandeachotherandhaveasatisfactoryrelationship.”Therefore.TheboomingofITinmodernsocietyisonlytheboomingofcommunication.Exchangingideasandmutualunderstandingbetweenpeopledonotbaseonsuchbooming.Onthecontrary,duetotherevolutionarychanges,we’regettingfartherfromeachothertosomeextent.Mutualunderstandingisbasedonexpression.However,expressiondoesn’tnecessarilyleadtosoultouchingcommunicationandunderstanding.Whenwewafflewithamereacquaintance,wenormallyconcealourtruefeelings.Thus,wedon’testablishcommunicationwithhim,becausewedonotneedhimtounderstandus.Theeraofcyberspacefurtherdemonstratessuchseparationofformandcontent.TheInternetgivesusnearlyabsolutefreedomtospeakandexpressourselves.Withtheprosperityofblog,thereare,accordingtorecentstatistics,about400,000bloggersinChinatoday.BloggersexpressthemselvesontheNetattheirwill,whileothersreadtheirblogandgivecommentsonceforawhile.Itseemsthatblogcanmakeustouchuponthebloggers’insideworld,andmakeusknowthembetter.However,thingsarenotalwaysthatperfect.Manynetizensareabusingtheirrightoffreeexpression.OnceyouopentheExplorerandbrowseawebsite,trashinformationaboutsexandviolencehitsoureyes.PeoplescoldandflirtinthechatroomandBulletinBoardSystem(BBS).Whenblogcomesintobeing,netizenseventransfersuchvulgarityintotheirpersonalspaces,andshowittothepublic.IntheeraoftheInformationTechnologyboom,thefarthestdistanceonearthisnolongerthepolardistance.Thenegativeimpactsbroughtaboutbycyberspacehaveimposedanunfilledgulfbetweensouls.Sincewecannotcommunicatetoeachotherlikebefore,thedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearth.1.Themostridiculouspartoftheanecdoteisthat（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,InformationTechnology（）.3.TheauthorbelievesthattheboomingofITinmodernsociety（）.4.Theprosperityofblogdoesnothelpustotoucheachotherbecause（）.5.TheauthorbelievesthatintheeraoftheInformationTechnologyboomthedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearthbecause（）.问题1选项A.therewasadeadsilenceinthedormroomthewholenightB.theonlysoundcamefromtappingthekeyboardC.thoselivinginthesameroomcommunicatedbysendingmessagesviatheNetD.theyallfacedtheirownlaptops问题2选项A.bringspeopleclosertoeachotherB.resultsinsilenceamongherfellowclassmatesC.enablesustoreachanyoneswiftlyD.helpstomaketheworldaglobalvillage问题3选项A.encouragestheexchangeofideasandthemutualunderstandingbetweenpeopleB.leadstosoultouchingcommunicationandunderstandingC.helpstoestablishasatisfactoryrelationshipD.resultsinfurtherseparationbetweenpeople问题4选项A.manypeopleabusetheirrightoffreeexpressionontheNetB.vulgarityhasbeentransferredintobloggers’personalspacesC.bloggersexpressthemselvesontheNetattheirwillD.anyoneisabletoreadblogandgivecomments问题5选项A.thereisalwaysasilenceB.peoplearenotabletocommunicatetoeachotherlikebeforeC.theInternetgivesusnearlyabsolutefreedomtoexpressourselvesD.peoplecanscoldandflirtinthechatroomatwill8.单选题（）thegiftinbeautifulgreenpaper,Sarahdepartedfortheparty.问题1选项A.HavingwrappedB.TowrapC.WrapD.Wrapping9.单选题Banknotesarenotusually（）intogoldnowadays.问题1选项A.invertedB.revertibleC.convertibleD.diverting10.单选题In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.1.Accordingtothearticle,（）didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas（）whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin（）weregiventhevaccine.4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest（）.问题1选项A.GeorgeBushB.ObamaC.theCongressD.theSenate问题2选项A.theThaiGovernmentB.theFrenchGovernmentC.thescientistfromNewEnglandD.theUnitedStatesArmy问题3选项A.ThailandB.theUnitedStatesofAmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.问题5选项A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformationB.shouldnotbetakenseriouslyC.hasproducedreliablestatisticsD.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch11.单选题Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas（）facehisparents.问题1选项A.tooashamedtoB.tooembarrassingtoC.veryashamedofD.veryembarrassingto12.单选题Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.问题1选项A.thatseemedtobethebestrouteB.whatseemedtobethebestrouteC.whichseemedtobetilebestrouteD.somethingthattobethebestroute13.单选题AmItounderstandthathisnewpost（）noresponsibilitywithitatall?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses14.单选题Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.问题1选项A.earthquakesonlyB.tsunamisonlyC.bothearthquakesandtsunamisD.variousnaturaldisasters问题2选项A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildingsB.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccurC.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamisD.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena问题3选项A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappenB.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccurC.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapersD.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen问题4选项A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarmingB.destructionofthebalanceoftheecologyC.earthquakesD.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission问题5选项A.structuresofthebuildingB.solidityofthebuildingC.theheightofthebuildingD.thelocalgeology15.单选题Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire16.单选题Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.问题1选项A.totracetheoriginof“ology”B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems问题2选项A.areindangerofbeingdestroyedB.areverysmallinsizeC.referonlytotheentirebiosphereD.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation问题3选项A.plantsB.animalsC.ecologistsD.consumers问题4选项A.absorbthesun’senergyB.produceoxygenandnutrientsC.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorganD.eattheplantsandanimals问题5选项A.humanbeingsB.theenvironmentC.animalsandplantsD.nature17.单选题Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.问题1选项A.withtheexceptionofB.inthelightofC.byvirtueofD.regardlessof18.单选题Theencouragingfactoristhatthe（

）majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.问题1选项A.numerousB.vastC.mostD.massive19.单选题Althoughthestudyofgeneticsisanentirelynewfield,it（）mankindformanyyears.问题1选项A.hascombinedB.hasinterestedinC.hasinvolvedD.hasfascinated20.单选题Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleams21.单选题The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate22.单选题Twoofthechildrenhavetosleepinonebed,buttheotherthreehave（）ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate23.写作题Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETII.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.24.单选题Theannual（）ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.问题1选项A.stockingB.stocktakingC.stockpilingD.stockholding25.单选题Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.问题1选项A.resignB.retireC.regainD.retain第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.2.【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education3.【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。sendup使上升；sendoff寄出，派遣；sendout发送；sendin递送，呈报。根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。4.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。5.【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。6.【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指学会一门语言。acquire指获得某物或习得某一技能，所以选项C正确。7.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，这个轶事最荒谬的是：大家待在同一个宿舍里，却通过网络发送信息进行交流。选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的第二句“TheInternetmakestheworldglobalvillage;thatistosay,wecangetintouchwitheachotherswiftlyregardlessofone’slocation.”互联网使世界成为地球村；也就是说，我们可以很快地联系到对方，不管对方在哪里。选项C符合原文。3.根据第二段最后一句“Onthecontrary,duetotherevolutionarychanges,we’regettingfartherfromeachothertosomeextent.”信息技术使我们彼此在某种程度上越来越疏远。选项D符合原文。4.根据倒数第二段第一句“Manynetizensareabusingtheirrightoffreeexpression.”许多网民滥用他们的言语自由权。选项A符合原文。5.根据最后一段最后一句“Sincewecannotcommunicatetoeachotherlikebefore,thedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearth.”由于我们不能像以前那样互相交流，人与人之间的心的距离已经成为地球上最远的距离。选项B符合原文。8.【答案】A【解析】这里是动词的现在分词作伴随状语，根据主句的时态可知，本句应用现在完成时。所以选项A正确。9.【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。句意：现在的纸币通常不能兑换成黄金。选项C符合句意。10.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。11.【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，这里是考查too...to...的句型，首先排除选项C和D；beashamedto为做某事感到羞耻；ashamed的主语是人；embarrassing的主语是物。所以选项A正确。12.【答案】B【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。13.【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。carryresponsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。选项C符合句意。14.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是地震及其影响，并着重介绍了其最具破坏性的影响之一——海啸。所以选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目标是了解地球上的地震及其引发的其他活动。选项D符合原文。3.信息推断题。结合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccu