2023年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.问题1选项A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifactsB.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofessionC.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalueD.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites问题2选项A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.问题3选项A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.问题4选项A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.问题5选项A.IonlyB.IIIonlyC.IandIIIonlyD.IIandIIIonly2.单选题Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.问题1选项A.brokeupB.brokeforthC.brokethroughD.brokeupon3.单选题TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.问题1选项A.putdownB.putacrossC.putawayD.putout4.单选题（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.问题1选项A.IfweacceptB.IfweshouldacceptC.IfwehadacceptedD.Ifwearetoaccept5.单选题Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.问题1选项A.inB.throughC.downD.away6.单选题TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.Thisispreciselytheproblem:thatsource,PhilipRoth’s2000novelisnotespeciallysober,scrupulousorrespectful.Itisanangry,ungainlysquallyofabook,aclamorousdefenseofsexualvitalityinanageofPuritancensoriousnessandalyricalinquiryintothemysteriesofrace,oldageandrecent.Americanhistory.LikemuchofMr.Roth’srecentwork,TheHumanStainburstswithcharactersandideas,anditsapparentlyhaphazardorganizationdisguisesanelegantandcunningnarrativestrategy.ThefilmmakersexplicateMr.Roth’sthemeswithadmirableclarityandcareandobservehischaracterswithdelicatefondness,buttheycannothopetoapproximatethebrillianceandrapacityofhisvoice,whichholdsallthenovels’disparateelementstogether.WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.Itspeoplewanderthroughastrangelyartificiallandscape,andtheideashoverintheairabovethemlikecloudspaintedonabackdrop.ZuckermanplayedbyGarySinisehasretreatedtoalakesidecabininNewEngland,hopingtofindpeaceandquietaftertwodivorcesandaboutofprostatecancer.HissolitudeisinterruptedonenightbythearrivalofColemanSilkplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,aformerdeanandclassicsprofessoratnearbyAthenaCollege,whowasforcedtoresignafterbeingaccusedofmakingracistremarksduringalecture.Coleman,whosewifediedsuddenlyinthewakeofthescandal,wantstotakerevengeonhisformercolleaguesbywritingabook.HeputsthisprojectasideoncehefallsintoarevivifyingaffairwithFauniaFarleyplayedbyNicoleKidman,adamaged,desolateandilliterate34-year-oldwhodoesmenialjobsatthecollege,thepostofficeandalocaldairyfarmTheirsexualidyllismenacedbythefacultybusybodieswhochasedColemanfromhisjob,andalsobyFaunia’sformerhusband,Lester(EdHarris),aderangedVietnamveteranwhosuedtobeatherandnowstalksherinhisbigredpickuptruck.Whatkeepsthemovie,whichopenstodaynationwide,fromdriftingintheSargassoSeaofliteraryhigh-mindednessisthevitalityoftheacting.Mr.Bentionisthekindofdirectorwhoseaffectionandrespectforactorsseepthroughthescreen;hissolicitudeseemstoopenthemup.ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.Ms.Kidmantriestoovercomethisbysheerforceofwill,strugglingtostiflehernaturalradiance,blunthercrystallinevoiceandblurherfinefeatures,andshecomesclosertosucceedingthanyoumightexpect.Mr.Hopkins,forhispart,mustbattleamoreglaringdiscrepancy,andhedoessowithswingingnonchalance.ColemanSilkisablackmanwhohaspassedforwhiteformostofhisadultlife,stylinghimselfasthefirstJewishclassicisteverhiredatAthena.Thesepeculiaritiesofcastingmatterlessthantheymight;orratherhowmuchtheymatterchangesfromscenetoscene.Thefilmincludessomesex,aboxingmatchandanoccasionalburstofdancing,butmostoftheactionconsistsoftwocharactersinaroomtalking.Someofthesemoments-alateconfrontationbetweenLesterandZuckerman,abreakfasttablequarrelbetweenFaunniaandColeman,ameetingofthemindsbetweenFaunniaandalarge,cagedcrow-areawkwardlypacedandplaced,butmanyothersarealivewithhumanpainandheat.Someofthebestperformancesareinsecondaryroles.JacindaBarrettiswonderfullytouchingasColeman’sfirstgreatlove,ablondMidwesternertowhomhedecides,heedlesslyandalittlecruelly,todivulgethesecretofhisrace.Ms.Snuth,herfaceamaskofmaternalstoicism,bringshomethetragedyofColeman’sdecisiontopassforwhitewithaspeechsodrilyandevenlyenunciatedthatitslaceratinginsightonlyregistersoncethecamerahasturnedaway.Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietes—TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.Thefilm’spowerfulindividualscenesseemlikeexcerptsfromamissingwhole,well-appointedroomsinahousewhosebeamsandgirdershavebeencutaway.1.ThehumanStainisa（）.2.TheHumanStain（）.3.WhichofthefollowingistheflawofTheHumanStainintheauthor’sopinion?4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeapossiblecommentmadebytheauthor?5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsTheHumanStainis（）.问题1选项A.respectablescreenplayB.scrupulousnovelC.characteristicbookD.moviewithmanycharacters问题2选项A.FailstomakethestorycoherentB.wasproducedbyagoodwriterC.hasthebestactorsandactressesD.isfullofmysteriouslandscapes问题3选项A.Itisnotfromagoodscreenplay.B.Someactorsarenotsuitablefortheirroles.C.Thereistoomuchtalkingbetweenpeople.D.Ms.KidmanandMr.Hopkinsarepooractors.问题4选项A.TheHumanStainismysteriousandunscrupulous.B.TheHumanStainissober,scrupulousandrespectful.C.TheHumanStaindoesnottellusacoherentstory.D.TheHumanStainwellrevealshumanweaknesses.问题5选项A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.sympathetic7.单选题Lookingback,it’shardtocomprehendhowtheTasmaniansettlerscouldhavebeensocavalieraboutthetiger’sbiologicaluniqueness—soheedlessoftheconsequences.问题1选项A.extemporeB.offhandC.infunctionateD.disconcerting8.单选题Evenbytighteningthepursestringsandcutting（）spendingotherthan（）necessities,theaverageBeijingresidentwouldstillneedatleast25yearstobuyanapartment,thelatestreportshows.问题1选项A.out,onB.off,onC.out,forD.down,for9.单选题Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.问题1选项A.untidyB.makeshiftC.dirtyD.crowded10.单选题Ifshemarrieshim,hewillcertainly（）herforadance.问题1选项A.leadB.offerC.giveD.invite11.单选题Heissittinginthecatbird（）.问题1选项A.seatB.nestC.positionD.den12.单选题Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.问题1选项A.uponB.inC.aboutD.down13.单选题Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?问题1选项A.OneC.ThreeB.C.ThreeB.C.ThreeB.TwoD.Four问题2选项A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?D.Whyisrootpressureweak?问题3选项A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.问题4选项A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.问题5选项A.HumidityB.PlantgrowthC.RootpressureD.Evaporation14.单选题ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?问题1选项A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystemsB.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopmentC.limitedrailroadlinesD.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad问题2选项A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewestB.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsitesC.attractedlaborsformEuropeD.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry问题3选项A.settlementsspreadwestwardB.thecoast-to-coastrailroad:avitallinkC.AmericanrailroadhistoryD.theimportanceofrailroadsintheAmericaneconomy问题4选项A.9yearsB.7yearsC.4yearsD.3years问题5选项A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.15.单选题Pricetouchedsomethingnear（）bottomthisyear.问题1选项A.capB.waterC.rockD.pot16.单选题NolongeraretheseconsideredarcanequestionsthatdrawscrutinyonlyfromthefewWashingtonianswhoreadthe“noticesofproposedrule-making”intheFederalReserve.问题1选项A.feasibleB.challengingC.little-knownD.hidden17.单选题WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.问题1选项A.visitingB.travelingC.watchingD.touring18.单选题Heisadeadringer（）hisfather.问题1选项A.toB.forC.withD.after19.单选题Thesailorrepliedinatoneasangrilyas（）,thathehadlosthislegabroadindefenseofthosewhodidnothingathome.问题1选项A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs20.单选题Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.问题1选项A.demurB.divisionC.complianceD.discern21.单选题Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.问题1选项A.adduceB.suspensionC.bayD.court22.单选题Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.问题1选项A.soonandsoforthB.moreorlessC.somethingorotherD.soonerorlater23.单选题Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.问题1选项A.couldB.wasC.wouldD.did24.单选题America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.问题1选项A.censureB.imprecateC.upbraidD.bolster25.单选题Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.问题1选项A.seekB.breakC.getD.take第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一个令人发指的建议，政府应为考古学提供资金，并减少非法挖掘的数量。）”。A选项“博物馆文物陈列的替代品”；B选项“在有益于考古行业的同时遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C选项“区分有科学价值和没有科学价值的文物的方法”；D选项“政府对考古遗址的管制”。联系全文可知B选项更符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至没有足够的钱来整理这些发现；结果，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。）”。A选项“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些文物”；B选项“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空间用于存储”；C选项“在发掘中发现的文物往往彼此分离”；D选项“这类工件通常保持未编目状态，因此一旦放入存储中就无法定位”。因此D选项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建议，科学的考古考察和政府当局在公开市场上出售发掘出来的文物。这种销售将为挖掘和保存考古遗址以及公布结果提供大量资金。）”。A选项“潜在购买者更愿意购买经过认证的文物”；B选项“非法挖掘文物的价格会上涨”；C选项“计算机可以用来追踪出售的文物”；D选项“出售经过鉴定的文物所得的钱可以用来调查和起诉非法挖掘者”。因此D选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但对这种秘密产品的需求将大大减少。）”由此可知复制的工件会供过于求，于是这些工件会大量涌现，最终会导致对这些畅销品的需求下降。因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法辨认的小陶罐。）”，由此可推断出塞浦路斯可能会成为复制品的主要市场来源。A选项“非法挖掘最终将完全停止”说法太过绝对化，文章并未提到完全终止。B选项“考古学家将能够比现在更频繁地公布他们的发掘成果”，如果复制工件合法化，考古学家会更愿意公开他们的挖掘成果。因此D选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项brokeup“分手；结束，打碎”；B选项breakforth“迸发；喷发；爆发”；C选项breakthrough“突破；突围；冲破；取得突破性成就”；D选项breakupon“显露；突然出现”。句意：当人们看见那位职业拳击手四肢摊开躺在拳台上时，场上爆发出欢呼声和呐喊声。因此B选项正确。3.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项putdown“记下，写下，镇压”；B选项putacross“圆满完成；使被接受；解释清楚”；C选项putaway“收起来，放好，储存，打消”；D选项putout“熄灭；伸出；使不高兴/愤怒/不安”。句意：这位主席很显然被Jim的话给激怒了，瞪了他几秒钟。因此D选项正确。4.【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见的三种形式：与过去事实相反的假设，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+过去分词”；与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should+动词原形”；与将来事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“should（wereto）+动词原形”，主句用“should+动词原形”。句意：假如我们接受他们的条件的话，我们就会破产。表示的是与将来事实相反的假设，因此B选项正确。5.【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B选项fellthrough“落空，失败”；C选项felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D选项fellaway“消失，背离，离开，疏失”。句意：他所有的创业计划全落空（告吹）了。因此B选项正确。6.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第一句“TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.（改编自NicholasMeyer的剧本，由RobertBenton执导的《人性的污点》是一篇令人尊敬的关于电影的B+学期论文报告：冷静、谨慎、认真地尊重它的文学来源。）”。由此可知《人性的污点》是一篇学期论文报告。A选项“值得尊敬的剧本”；B选项“谨慎的小说”；C选项“特色书籍”；D选项“有许多角色的电影”，因此C选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第二段的第二句话“WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.（如果没有Mr.Roth的参与，本书所述的衔接就成了问题）”。由此可知该书有一位很好的作者。A选项“不能使故事连贯”说法错误；B选项“是一位好作家写的”正确；C选项“有最好的男女演员”和D选项“充满了神秘的风景”文章都没有提到，因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第一句“ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.（霍普金斯先生和基德曼女士选错角色几乎是不言自明的。）”。由此可知作者认为有些演员并不适合其角色扮演。A选项“它不是出自一个好的剧本”；C选项“角色之间的对话太多了”；D选项“基德曼女士和霍普金斯先生都是可怜的演员”都不符合题意，B选项“有些演员不适合他们的角色”符合题意，因此B选项正确。4.作者意图题。根据全文可知，作者描述了《人性的污点》中的主要情节以及主要人物的命运，最后一段作者说道“Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietest——TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.（关于它的节奏，往往是最安静的——《人性的污点》让你既关心它的人物，并思考他们的生活所代表的更大的问题。）”，由此可知作者对该书的认识很深刻。A选项“《人类的污点》是神秘而不讲道德的”；B选项“《人类的污点》是冷静、细心、恭敬的”；C选项“《人类的污点》并没有告诉我们一个连贯的故事”；都不太符合题意。D选项“《人类的污点》充分暴露了人类的弱点”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。由最后一段“Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.（它最大的缺陷是无法将这些同理心和洞察力与持续不断的剧情联系起来，无法暗示出角色不在屏幕上时，他们的生活仍在继续。）”可知作者指出本书有成功的一面也有一些缺陷。A选项“消极的”、B选项“积极的”、D选项“同情的”都不正确，C选项“中肯的”符合题意，因此C选项正确。7.【答案】B【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项extempore“当场的，即席的”；B选项offhand“随便的；即时的；无准备的；即席的”，C选项infunctionate不存在；D选项disconcerting“令人不安的；打扰人的”。句意：回顾过去，很难理解塔斯马尼亚的定居者怎么会对老虎的生物独特性如此漫不经心——如此无视后果。cavalier“傲慢的；漫不经心的；无忧无虑的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。8.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。cutout“删去，割掉，裁剪”；cutoff“截止，中断供应，使死亡”；cutdown“削减，缩短，砍倒”。句意：最新的一份报告显示，即便是精打细算，减少生活必需品以外的支出，北京居民平均仍需要至少25年的时间才能买到一套房子。因此D选项正确。9.【答案】D【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项untidy“不整洁的，凌乱的，懒散的，不干净利落的”；B选项makeshift“临时的，权宜之计的”；C选项dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，肮脏的，恶劣的，暗淡的”；D选项crowded“拥挤的，塞满的”。句意：军队在拥挤的条件下睡觉。Cramped“狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。10.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项lead“领导；致使；引导；指挥”；B选项offer“提供；出价；试图”；C选项give“给；产生；让步；举办；授予”；D选项invite“邀请；招待；诚邀；约请”。句意：如果她嫁给他，他当然会邀请她跳支舞。因此D选项正确。11.【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。sitinthecatbirdseat“处于必胜无疑的地位”。句意：他处于必胜无疑的地位。因此A选项正确。12.【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项setin“开端；来临；到来”；Csetabout选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项setdown“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。13.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及这一种理论，因此A选项正确。2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎么到树顶的?）”，由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响？”；B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长？”；C选项“水是如何到达树顶的？”；D选项“为什么根压弱？”。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外，针叶树是最高的树木之一，它们的根系压力非常低。）”，由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶，这其中肯定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”；B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”；C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”；D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。）”，由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”；B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”；C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”；D选项“植物学家已经改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”；B选项“植物的生长”；C选项“根压”；D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。14.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到文中第一段最后两句话“Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.（早期的火车都是些不切实际的玩意，在很长一段时间里，铁路公司都遇到了一些机械问题。最严重的问题是建造能承受荷载的轨道，以及开发更安全、更有效的刹车系统。）”，由此可知是火车铁轨质量不好，刹车系统还有待完善。A选项“铁路质量差，刹车系统不可靠”正确；B选项“缺乏对发展的财政支持”；C选项“有限铁路线路”和D选项“缺乏横贯大陆的铁路”文中都没有提到，因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文中第三段倒数第二、三句话“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.（1896年，两组人在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。许多游客为了这一盛事来到那里。）”由此可知人们为了看两组工队的相遇来到了施工现场。A选项“导致了西方工业和农业的迅速发展”文中没有提到；B选项“吸引了许多游客到建筑工地”正确；C选项“吸引欧洲的劳动力”和D选项“鼓励人们到全国各地旅游”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。3.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲述了早期美国铁路遇到的问题，第二段主要讲述了解决这些问题后美国铁路路线变多，第三段主要讲述了美国第一条贯穿大陆的铁路建设，第四段主要讲述该铁路的作用，由此可知本文主要讲述了美国铁路交通的发展。A选项“西方世界殖民扩张”；B选项“海岸到海岸的铁路重要的连接”和D选项“铁路在美国经济中的重要性”都没有C选项“美国的铁路历史”更符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第二句话“In1862Congressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniesto