2023年考研考博-考博英语-中央美术学院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-中央美术学院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Hewassopoorthathehad（）thanonehundreddollars.问题1选项A.nolessB.notlessC.nomoreD.notmore2.单选题Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.问题1选项A.witnessB.certificationC.identifyD.evidence3.单选题ThePrimeMinisterwasfollowedbyfiveorsix（）whenhegotofftheplane.问题1选项A.laymenB.servantsC.directorD.attendants4.单选题Sadly,theGiantPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerof（）.问题1选项A.extinctionB.migrationC.destructionD.extraction5.单选题Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.问题1选项A.addictedB.absorbedC.involvedD.interested6.单选题Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom（）.问题1选项A.performanceB.functionC.behaviorD.display7.单选题Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（从属的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.问题1选项A.bejustpartoftheirnatureB.worseninmodernsocietyC.occurwhentheygowildD.presentathreattothecommunity问题2选项A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricksB.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthorityC.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehaviorD.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior问题3选项A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblemsB.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasksC.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricksD.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining问题4选项A.ToavoidbeingpunishedB.ToshowtheiraffectionfortheirmastersC.TowinleadershipofthedogpackD.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey问题5选项A.cangivethedogmorerewardsB.willenjoyabetterfamilylifeC.cangivethedogmorefreedomD.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself8.单选题Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious9.单选题Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.问题1选项A.paymentsB.chargesC.fundsD.prices10.单选题Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.问题1选项A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible11.单选题Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（）.问题1选项A.traditionB.transportationC.transmissionD.transformation12.单选题Tomwasahighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.问题1选项A.conscientiousB.efficientC.capableD.talented13.单选题Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

问题1选项A.arbitraryB.aggressiveC.ambitiousD.abundant14.单选题Nutritional（营养的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.Poorly-nourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowthelessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfromaddedridiculeandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.Children'sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorly-nourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.（营养物质）Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyoradeprivedenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorovernutrition.Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostcriticalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringcertainstagesofearlychildhoodcannotalwaysbereversedwithimproveddietaryintake.1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut（）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby（）.4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?问题1选项A.beattentivewhilelearningB.betooactiveinclassC.benefitfromphysicalactivityD.behaveveryproperly问题2选项A.Children'sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltothepoornutritionalstatus.B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.D.The4cycle’indicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.问题3选项A.adeprivedenvironmentB.unwisefoodselectionsC.undernutritionD.alloftheabove问题4选项A.overnutritionisevenmoreharmfulthanundernutritionB.malnutritionhasserouseffectsonchild'sphysicaldevelopmentC.thenutritionalconditionofyoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofadultD.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup问题5选项A.Thedifferencebetweenwellandpoorly-nourishedchildren.B.Theeffectsofnutritiononchildren.C.Thecauseofmalnutrition.D.Theimportanceofbalanceddietaryintake.15.单选题Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.问题1选项A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as16.单选题Willyouplease（）everythingisreadyforthepartytobeheldnextSunday?问题1选项A.seeitthatB.seetoitC.seeingthatD.seetoitthat17.单选题Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.问题1选项A.appointedB.namedC.nominatedD.elected18.单选题Hetriedto（）hisinvolvementinthisscheme,buthefinallygaveinandconfessed.问题1选项A.rejectB.denyC.refuseD.decline19.单选题Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofourmind.问题1选项A.stateB.caseC.situationD.circumstance20.单选题Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier 21.单选题WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike（）thecarifIcan.问题1选项A.ratherthanB.regardlessofC.inspiteofD.otherthan22.单选题（）elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame23.单选题Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified24.单选题Allstudents（）aloudlaughwhenProfessorHenryFordtoldthemthejoke. 问题1选项A.letoffB.letdownC.letoutD.letup25.单选题He'swatchingTV?He's（）tobecleaninghisroom.问题1选项A.knownB.supposedC.regardedD.considered第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。nomorethan意为“至多，仅仅”。句意“他穷到仅仅只有一百美元。”选项C符合句意。2.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。witness“证人，目击者”；certification“证明，鉴定”；identify“鉴定，识别”；evidence“证据”。句意：有证据清晰地表明植物和动物受到气候变化的影响。D项符合题意。3.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。laymen“非专业人员”；servant“仆人，佣人”；director“主任，主管”；attendant“服务员，侍者”。句意：首相下飞机后，五六个仆人跟随。B项符合题意。4.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝，消灭”；migration“迁移，移民”；destruction“毁灭”；extraction“取出，抽出”。句意：令人悲伤的是，大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一。A项符合题意。5.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，一般和介词to搭配；B选项absorb“承受，理解，使..全神贯注”，一般和介词in搭配；C选项involve“涉及，使陷于，潜心于”，一般和介词in搭配；D选项interest“感兴趣”，一般和介词in搭配。根据句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上瘾了。”只有选项A能和介词to搭配，所以A正确。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。performance“表现”；function“功能”；behavior“行为”；display“展示”。句意：许多研究已经将一天的第一顿饭与更好的课堂表现联系起来。A项符合题意。7.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。8.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。9.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。payments“付款，薪资”；charges“费用，手续费”；funds“资金，基金”；prices“价格”。句意：煤的价格将根据运输的距离和运费的价格而有所不同。B项符合题意。10.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的倾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。11.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，惯例”；transportation“运输，运输系统”；transmission“传动装置”；transformation“转化，转换，改革”。句意：20世纪见证了世界范围内政治、经济和文化的变革。D项符合题意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conscientious“认真的，尽责的”；B选项efficient“有效率的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引导的定语从句修饰teacher，根填空处也应该填入一个形容词来修饰teacher，由此可知，填空处单词应与定语从句表达的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“尽职尽责的”，选项A与之意思最接近，所以正确。13.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武断的，专制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有进取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“丰富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的计划很有野心，他想在16岁前掌握英语，法语和西班牙语。C项符合题意。14.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.营养良好的儿童更警觉和专注，并能更好地从体育活动和学习经验中获益。”由此可知，选项A、C、D均符合原文，只有选项B是营养不良的孩子倾向于做的事，所以本题选B。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.儿童对感染和疾病的抵抗力也肯定受到营养状况的影响。”原文并没有提及二者是成正比的关系，所以选项A错误。3.细节事实题。根据第三自然段的内容可知，营养不良并不总是与贫穷或贫困的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良。营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。由此可知，选项A、B、C均是导致营养不良的原因，所以选项D正确。4.判断推理题。原文最后两段讲到了幼儿营养不良的问题，呼吁父母更多的关注孩子营养问题，所以选项C正确。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”在原文并没有明确的信息提及；B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”是原文明确提出的信息，不是暗示的；D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以提高”在原文也没有提及，所以只有选项C正确。5.主旨大意题。原文首段第一句话就点明了本文的主题“Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.营养状况影响