2023届高考英语二轮复习：说明文主旨大意题突破 课件

2023届新高考专题复习：说明文主旨大意题突破expositionthequestionstodowiththemainidea添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.Activity1:Pickingoutthequestionstodowithmainidea文章标题文章主旨段落主旨添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.近三年高考真题中主旨题类型与语篇的关系语篇类型主旨类型年份应用文考查2次文章来源1.2022新高考2.2021全国甲说明文考查9次段落主旨1.2022新高考2.2021新高考3.2021全国乙4.2020全国I文章标题1.2022全国甲2.2022全国乙3.2020全国I文章主旨1.2020新高考2.2020全国II记叙文考查5次文章标题1.2021新高考2.2021全国乙3.2020全国乙主旨推断1.2021新高考文章主旨1.2022全国甲书评考查2次文章类型1.2022全国乙文章目的1.2020新高考议论文考查1次文章标题1.2021全国I添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.说明对象研究报告STUDY社会现象新理论新科技研究发现研究过程\方法数据，subject结论阐述\专家评议\成果应用前景新发现：与之前的纵横对比主旨大意最佳标题Activity2:RecallingtheaspectsinvolvedinaSTUDYPassage12022全国甲说明文-科学研究BGoffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers D.Cockatoos:SkillfulShape-Sorters发现D.Cockatoos:SkillfulShape-Sorters研究过程专家评议Activity3:Workingoutthequestionandlistingtheaspects研究过程Passage22020全国I说明文-科学研究DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand

consumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontraryto

existingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlarge

portions（份）,it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbed

herfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasesshe

woreaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipants

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytook

significantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnack

bowls.In

theothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:the

participantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathin

personeatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.Activity4:WorkingoutthequestionandsummarizingthekeywordsD.Eatingbehavior科学研究类文章首段如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词，省略号部分多为文章主旨。researchershavefoundthat...accordingtoastudy...Astudyshowsthat....添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.说明对象研究报告社会现象新理论新科技newtechnology&theory主旨大意最佳标题提出新理论、新科技\与之前对比运行原理产生原因用途，优缺点评议、前景Activity5:Recallingtheaspectsinvolvedintheintroductiontonewtechnology&theoryPassage32020课标全国I说明文-新鲜科技DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff

“switch”

wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—

suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway

—

alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?提出新科技\与之前对比评议前景用途Activity6:WorkingoutthequestionandlistingtheaspectsC.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?Passage32020课标全国I说明文-新鲜科技DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff

“switch”

wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—

suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway

—

alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.提出新科技\与之前对比用途评议前景引出话题关于绿色植物益处的早期发现D.Benefitsfromgreenplants添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.说明对象研究报告社会现象socialphenomenon新理论新科技主旨大意最佳标题写作目的提出现象转折之后有重点分析原因\现象特点造成影响\结果人们看法预言、警告、措施Activity7:Recallingtheaspectsinvolvedintheintroductiontosocialphenomenon

2021全国乙说明文---社会现象分析BWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）

relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?

11.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers. B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions. D.Theircomplexdesign.提出现象现象特点分析原因预言、警告Activity8:Workingoutthequestionandlistingtheaspects

B.TheirwidepopularityPassage52022全国乙说明文-新鲜科技CCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.B.C.D.提出新科技与之前对比用途，优点Activity9:WorkingoutthechoicesbyyourselvesActivity10:Comparingyourversionwiththefinalversion31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwi