英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点

高考英语阅读解专题复习第一节

正确选项往往是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换一般来说,阅理解测试中要求找出主要事实特定细节的问,在章中均可找到回答是需要注意的是,这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话而根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。【考例】Shrilkinventorssaid.fromwhichitisplentifulinnature,foundineverythingfromshells,bodiestoplants.makesshrilklowcost,productionshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotmaterial.(2012湖南卷篇68.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkgreatpotentialbecause_____.itcanhelpplasticdegrade

itbeinthingsC.massbeenrawmaterialsabundantmature【考例】showthatEasternersWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslooktheeyesandthemouthequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheand忽略themouth(2010湖卷篇)Thethat_______.equaltoeyesandtheexpressionsuniversallyC.observeeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysmoredifficultyinfacial二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。【考例】Yetthat,increasinglyunpopularamongchildren.Accordingtostatisticsin199723%saidtheydidn’treadingin2003,did.Andaround6%ofchildrenprimaryunable（2007山B）suggested_______.increasedwiththeanumberofinterestinC.minorityofschoolchildrenproperlyaofreadregularly【考例4Iputonflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveproblemhere.IweakdoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.…insteadofgettingimpatientandangry,

theyknowingdriverinwasinsomeway广东卷A)Whatdidtheothertheflashlights?pass.TheywithC.besttohelp.putontheirtoo.三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式【考例】ZackHocking,theofTrustFunds,said:possiblethatgoodthingtoarisethedownturnwillbeagenerationthat’sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirthroughtimeseconomicuncertainty.”（2009山）AccordingtoHocking,crisismighttheinB.toequipmentC.confidentcareersgetinChildTrustFunds四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。【考例】University7%lastyear,butwererisesaboveaverageinsubjects.Nursingjump,peoplerenewedinterestincareersinthepubicsector(部)whichseenmoresecureineconomic山东D)inpublicmoreattractivebecause.B.C.D.betterreputation第二节英语读理解干扰项的置特点分析通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。常用的干扰手段有哪些。干扰项的如特点：(一偷换柱。扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。【考例】(2011南卷A篇firstVanakRestaurantlooklikemucharestaurant,theof（肉串）hitareofcallingitless.byalocalcouple,restaurantaninviting,homelikeatmospherethatrestaurantsThewithadiningnearlybutistruly56.firstenteringrestaurant,findthatsplendidlydecoratedB.hasofkabobsC.iscrowdedwithdiningtablesD.lookslikearestaurant【考例】(2011南卷A篇Athatofmensittinginloudlytopics,watchingnewseventsTV,drinkingateachai,readingallwhiletryingofftheirpiledwithfood..57.Whatactivityismentionedapartfromdininginrestaurant?

WatchingnewsonTVB.DrinkingkindofblackC.localEnglishD.Discussingworldinlow(二在理判断利用词的表面意义来设置干扰推理判断要求在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义，要注意不能以文字的表面含义代替推理。【考例】（2010湖南卷BButshehasn'twhatteaches.herbook,thatwhenreceivedtwopiecesoflife-changingFirst,shethebabyshecarrying,testsshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeshethehospitalandtreatedherselfboxofdoughnuts(甜圈)wouldpassbeforesherealizedshegrow——notletitcontrolher.Onlydidshekickherthree-pack-a-dayaddictionalcohol,begintoabalanceddiet.Maryreceivedthenews,she_________.lostbeganabalanceddietC.triedtogetainadult【考例】…McKayrecordsdestroyedduringaWarairbombingonanforwhywasallforgotten.Butnow,thankstheofBroadandhisstudents,ainMcKayplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.“IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword‘deceased阵)tohis”saidCoreyEverrettastudentwhoofinuniform.“Thissuchsimpleoffactthathehadbeenstudentjustlikeus,butinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWestern,hechosetoandforhiscountry.”(2009湖卷WethatMcKay________.fighttohisstudyB.warbeforeC.leftforCoreyEverrettD.setforfellowstudents【考例】(2009北AyearsPaulGernergatherinLasaskthemitdesignapublicthatpercentlesstoobviouslystudentlearning.”Ithinkhalfofthemfelloffchairs,Gernersays.HowdidthearchitectsreactGarnerdesignrequirementsinB.theyshoweddisbelief.C.ocheers.【考例】IheardelephantasthoughLookingdown,Iwrong,edgenearbank.IsawMa

withherthree-month-oldcalfintheitwasaHercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.……ThenwithahugeshepickedituphertrunkandtrieduntilwastoplacenarrowshelfofJustthisbackintotheIfweredown,itbecertainIknew,asshethatwasspotshebank,itherWhileIwhatIcoulddonext,heardthesoundof’slove.MaShwerivergotupbankandmakingbackasfastcould,吼叫)alltime,buttoit(2009宁夏Howfeelaboutmotherelephant'sroaring?Itwasagreatcomfort.B.ItaC.ItwasacallforD.Itwasamusicalnote.（三）以偏概全。把文章中的事实和细节当主旨，把片面的、次要的观点当成主要观点。在猜文章或段落大意、标题以及释义题中，干扰项总是以偏概全，具体表现(1)把文章中的次要观点、细节混进体现文章主要观点、中心思想的选项论混进选项）把段落的主旨当作文章的主旨。【考例】

把超过文章讨论的东西亦作为归纳或结Theresimpleprincipletodetermineprices.Itcalledthelawofanddemand.Supplytheof,oraccesscertaingoods.DemandrepresentsnumberofwantthoseIftheremorethanpriceofthemOnotherhand,ifthedemandforgoodsgreaterthanOfcoursemanufacturersprefersellmorepurposeofthistellthat_______.EconomicLawofandC.MoreD.HigherPrices【考例】Therenoconnectionbetweensymbolthatwhichitstandsassocialsymbolizedonthebygoldonwatchorbythousandthingstothewelivetheofbythousandaccordingtotheculturelivein.北京D)Whatfrom2?Differentmeandifferentthings.Ourculturewhatafor.C.Thelanguagepositions.Ourpositionswaywe【考例】ItseemsthattheEnglishmenjustlivesportsofkind.A

humoristoncethatbecausetheinsistonbehavingliketheirlives.Wherevergointhiscountry,youwillbothgrown-upsknockingballaboutwithorasifinmenalwayswomengirls!Still,itcanexercise,it?ThepurposeofParagraph1istellusEnglish_______.allloversbehavelikechildrenC.liketokickaaroundD.youngexercise(四张李戴个事物的特征说成是另一个事物的特征倒(把因说成果说因)；把他人的观点说成是作者的观点。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放选项中去。【考例】years，whenIfreshofandworkingDenver，wasdrivingtomyparents’homeinforChristmas.Istoppedatagas加站fromOklahomaCity，Iplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIincash收台Ihellotoanoldercouplealsofor全国A)TheauthortostopCity________.tovisitfriendB.toseehisC.payregisterD.tomorefor【考例】itneedsoxygenandusesup（airinactssealthesonomorecaninside.airinsidethebottle.airpressuremustairfromoutsideoutsideairagainsttheeggandeggispushedintotheprovesairisallanditpressingit.Intheexperiment,theinsidebottleinsideandB.aintheneckbottleC.finishinsidetheoxygenthebottle【考例】Onesurgeonitruleatminutesongeneralreadingbeforenight.hewenttobedat10p.m.ornodifference.Evenifyoukeepkindofdiscipline,itagoodyoualwayshaveainterestinyourpocket.Don’tforgetshouldabookentertainstheEnglishmustnotforThefamoussurgeoninthe____.makeitaruleateveryinthehabitofdoingregularnobusyare

C.alwaysanbookinhabituallybedlate【考例】AyearAugust,DavejobdrivingaforainwestHiswife,Gerrie,wasworkingthelocalschoolworkforDavewasandtheofeverythingrising.TheFussesatriskofthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinreceived—＄legacy(遗产theirIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident“Itmadedifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially.says(2009山东A)AccordinggotheFusses__________.employedbyaB.indifficultyC.workedinhome【考例】Thisisnotasurprisepublichealthadvocates.Theystudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforfindingespeciallyteens,pricesensitive.NoritshocktothewhichfiercelyfightseveryTheonlywonderinsistonmessage.Tobaccohealth,theymoneyandmostparticularly,peoplefromtakinghabitasteens,iswhenallareaddicted.rateoftaxationwidely.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasurprise?C）Teenpricesensitive.stateskeeptaxlow.C.improvepublichealth.Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightstherise.（五）正反倒置．把事实发生的顺序颠倒【考例】autobiography,AfterAll,herlessaward-winningactressandaboutlivingwithdiabetes糖病.AllthethefortheDiabetesansheservesasinternationalchairman.felttherewasaforabooklike”shesays.“Ilecture,butIotherdiabeticsbetterwhenwe'reself-controlleddoourinmanagingthedisease.”(2010湖南卷B)Weknowthat1995Mary__________.hadtwopublishedawardsC.knewhowtoD.theJDRFwriting．把事物的正面影响或负面影响反过来说。【考例2】Wehave.WehimatapetWhenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundtheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinAmerican’snotwonderthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsisinbeings.

“Mostthe（染wethinkofasinfectionsstartedinotheranimalssaysStephenMorseCenterPublicHealthPreparednessatUniversity.（宁夏）IpetcomefromB.preventinfectedC.enjoybeingwithchildrensufferfrommonkey-pox【考例3】Asitneedsoxygenuses（airinactsassealthesomoreairinside.Thisreducesinsidebottle.Theairpressuremustequalize,somoreairfromenterTheoutsidetheeggtheneggpushedThethatairallitisdownit.Intheexperiment,theinsidebottleinsideandB.aintheneckbottleC.finishinsidetheoxygenthebottle．因倒把因说成果，把果说成)【考例】IflookforbookaspresentforYouwillbespoiledforchoiceinyeartherenewHarryPotter.Rowlingwizardisnotalone:thepastdecadehasharvestforgoodchildren’sbooks,whichhasoffaquantityoffilmsandsalesofsuchasThelardof山B)WhichofthefollowingisParagraph1?A.children’sbooksbeenadaptedfromfilms.high-children’sbookshavebeenpublished.C.ThesalesofhaveofThesalesofforchildrenhave【考例】徽Aiscoveredtalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallquiteequallytheyearandtherarelydroppingl6℃Rainforestsgreateffectworldenvironmentintheandadjusttheclimate.forestcovertheseareasmoreheatintotheatmospherewarmingtheoftheLosingmayalsorainfallpatterns，potentiallyallovercanhelpadjustthebecause.reflectheatintothebringrainfallthroughouttheC.temperaturetolowerl6℃reducetheheatfromtheontheearth．把作者观点的反面说成是作者的观点【考例】InoflowacademicbyintheUnitedJapan,countryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuc