八年级英语上(Unit3语法点梳理以及综合能力训练-B)

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义年级：八年级课题辅导科目：英语课时数：3Unit3语法点梳理以及综合能力训练梳理课本中的重要语法点---一般过去时的用法教学目的进行综合训练，提高综合能力教学内容Step1:Greetings&FreetalkHowareyoutoday?Istheresomethinginterestingorimportantthisweek?Whathaveyoulearnedinyourschool?(询问学校课程进度)Step2:Leadin—EnglishjokesIwasn'tasleepWhenagroupofwomengotonthecar,everyseatwasalreadyoccupied.Theconductornoticedamanwhoseemedtobeasleep,andfearinghemightmisshisstop,henudgedhimandsaid:"Wakeup,sir!""Iwasn'tasleep,"themananswered."Notasleep?Butyouhadyoureyesclosed.""Iknow.Ijusthatetolookatladiesstandingupbesidemeinacrowdedcar."我没有睡着当一群妇女上车之后，车上的座位全都被占满了。售票员注意到一名男子好象是睡着了，他担心这个人会坐过站，就用肘轻轻地碰了碰他，说：“先生，醒醒！”。”那个男人回答。“没睡着闭上了呀？”“我知道，我“我没有睡着？可是你眼睛都只是不愿意看到在拥挤的车上有女士站在我身边而已。”Step3:Check(words+expressions+reciting+homework+)错题回顾1.课本单词默写Adv.在任何时候，从来v.争论，争吵，争辩n．问题，困难adj.特别的，不寻常的n．争论，争吵n．人群，观众v．盯着看prep.从。。。一端至另一端；穿过；贯穿adv.轻轻地，安静地v．偷，窃取n．(尤指女用的)钱包n．明信片adj.不复存在；离开了；走了n．大门adv.上船（或飞机，公共汽车，火车等）adj.奇怪的，异常的v．拨（电话号码）n．偷，偷窃n．（关于某事物的）资料，信息adj.担心的，发愁的v.领会，意识到v.打斗，打架adv.相当，在某种程度上adv.在楼下，往楼下II．本单元重点词组默写解决，处理，应付遭到，遇到盯着……看发生上船（飞机等）追赶某人；跟在某人后面害怕，畏惧放下下车，下船详细地担心，担忧等待，等候冲……嚷嚷，冲……喊叫冲……回嚷递出东西，伸出手（或胳膊）在……中穿梭发生引起某人的注意注意，留心逃跑，逃离3．课文背诵检查。4．课后作业检查分析。5．上次课错题回顾。（帮助学生整理上次课错题）Step4:GrammarI.SimplePastTense(一般过去时)1．在英语中，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态要用一般过去时。一般过去时由动词的过去式构成，有三种形式：Thevisitorvisitedtheschoolyesterday．（肯定式）Hedidnotfighttherobber．（否定式）Didtheyfindthepurse?（疑问式）2．一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday．她昨天突然病倒了。Wedidn’thaveclasseslastweek．上周我们没有上课。(2)表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。e.g.IwenttothecinemaonceaweekwhenIwasatschool.我上学时每周去看一场电影。WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenwalkedbytheriverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可以用“would+动词原形”或用usedto加动词原形。e.g.Whenhewasyoung,hewouldgoskatingeverywinter.他年轻时每年冬天都要去滑冰。MrsSmithusedtohaveabighouseindowntown,史密斯夫人在市中心曾经有一座大房子。(3)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。e.g.Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床、提水、打扫房间然后出去散步。3.动词过去式构成(1)由动词原形加-ed构成:happen-happened,show-showed,start-started,follow-followed,open-opened,ask-asked,look-looked,walk-walked(2)以字母e结尾的(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的(4)以“辅音字母+音字母元+辅音字母（直接加-d:move-moved，notice-noticed变y为i加-ed：hurry-hurried,cry-cried(stay-stayed：元音字母加y结尾的w和y除外）”结尾，双写结尾的字母再加-ed:stop-stopped,prefer-preferred,直接加ed)travel-travelled(5)不变的：put-put,set-set,cost-cost,let-let(6)不规则的：am／is-was，are-were，hold-held，know--knew，say-said，run-ran，ring-rang，steal-stole,go-went,leave-left,give-gave,take-took,get-got,stand-stood核心记忆：1．一般过去时的形式(l)was,were(2)肯定句：在动词句：didn’t+动词原形：后面加-ed或动词不规则变化否定2．动词的不规则变化大体分为四类：AAA类：cost,cost,costABA类：come,came,comeABB类：get,got,gotABC类：fall,fell,fallen典例剖析：【例1】I__________thewrongthing.CanIuseyoureraser?A．writeB．wroteC.amwriting句意：我写错东西了。我能用下你的橡皮擦吗？根据句意可知“写错东西”这个动作D.willwrite【解析】已经发生，所以用一般过去时wrote。【答案】B【点拨】本题考查一般过去时的用法。【例2】--Excuseme.Youshouldn'tsmokehere.Lookatthesign“NOSMOKINGHERE”.--Sorry，I__________it.A.doesn'tseeB.haven'tseen“我”在吸烟时没有看到标志，应为一般过去时态C.didn'tseeD.haven’tseen【解析】由题意知，。【答案】CⅡ．Timeexpressionsreferringtothesimplepasttense（与一般过去时1．一般过去时这种情况常和justnow,yesterday,lastyear，in1999，twodaysago等表示过去一般过去时亦可与today，thisweek，thismonth，thisyear等表示现阶段的时e.g.Didyoumeethimtoday?今天你看相关的时间短语）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，的时间状语连用。间状语连用。见他了吗？2．一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作时，常和often，always，onceaweek等表示频度的时间状语连用。【典例1】WhenIwasyoung,mymotheroften__________meinterestingstories.A.spokeB.saidC.talkedD.told趣的故事。由whenIwasyoung可知，而“讲故事”通常用tell，所以此空用tell的过去式told。剖析】【例【解析】句意：当我小的时候，我妈妈经常给我讲有该句是一般过去时。四个选项都是一般过去时，【答案】D【点拨】本题考查speak，say，talk和tell的用法区别。【例2]-When_________you__________youroldfriend?-Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.will;visitB.did;visitC.have;visitedD.are;visit【解析】从thedaybeforeyesterday知，问句应是过去时，故选B.【答案】B【例3】He_________thisdictionaryfor5years.He_________itin1997.A.hasbought;boughtB.bought;boughtC.haskept;hasboughtD.hashad;bought并且只能和持续性动词连用；受in1997的限制，只能用一般过去时【解析】由for5years可知用现在完成时，。【答案】D【课堂小练】1.I________(have)atabletennismatchwithJohnyesterday,butI________(notwin).2.MycousinandI__________(go)toseeafilmtogetherlastweekend.We_________(enjoy)ourselvesverymuch.3.We________(be)bothlateforthemeetingjustnow.4.Thegirl_____________(benot)happywithherbrotheratthattime.5._________they__________(move)toEnglandtenyearsagoKeys:1.had…didn’twin2.went,enjoyed3.were4.wasn’t5.Did…moveStep5:Exercise（综合训练）V.Readandchoosethebestanswer.选(择最恰当的答案)()1.MyEnglishteacheris____________American,buthewasbornin____________.A.an;GermansB.an;GermanC.an;GermanyD.a;Germany)2.ThegreatearthquakeleavesthepeopleinYushu______________troubleandweshouldhelpthem.A.inB.atC.forD.of((((()3.These_____________werecaughtbythepolicebecausetheyweredrivingoverthespeedlimitation.A.mandriversB.mendriverC.mansdriversD.mendrivers)4.Ifthefirebrokeout,anybodyshould______________119atonceandthefiremenwouldcomeinnotime.A.talkB.phoneC.dialD.ring)5.Theboyranaway__________theschoolagainbecausehereallydidn'tlikethelifeinschool.A.toB.forC.ofD.from)6.Theyoungmanwaspunishedheavilybecausehe_____________thepooroldmanofalotofmoneyandkilledhim.A.steal)7.Thedrivergot____________thebusandthengot_____________hisowncar.A.on;offB.off;onC.outof;onD.off;into)8.Themanhurried_____________aboardwhilethewomanhurried______________thehospital.A.to;toB./;/C.to;/D./;to)9.Ahelicopter___________themoutsidetheshopsothattheycouldrunawayquickly.A.waitsB.waitsforC.waitedD.waitedfor)10.Itisimproperandimpoliteto______________ayoungladyinapublicplace;shewillbeshy.B.stoleC.robD.robbed((((((((A.stareat)11.Shegavethepolice____________informationaboutthethief.A.manyandmoreB.somemoreC.onemore)12.After__________thetelephone,myfatherwenttotakethenextferry.A.puttingoutB.puttingawayC.puttingonB.smiletoC.getonD.getoffD.anymoreD.puttingdown)13.RaysaidheoftenheardAnn______________thepianowhenhepassedherhouse.A.playingB.playC.playsD.isplaying)14.I_________anoldfriendofmineinthestreetwhenIwaswalkingtothecinemawithmydaughter.A.happentomeetC.happenmeetingB.happenedtomeetD.metto((((()15.Thehungrydogdidn't___________meafterIgaveitsomefood.A.wentafterB.goafterC.wentfrom)16.___________usefuladvicetheoldprofessorhasgivenusonhowtolearnEnglisheffectively!D.goforA.What)17.Ben________avideogamewhenhisfatherwentintohisroom.A.playedB.playsC.isplayingB.WhataC.HowD.HowaD.wasplaying)18.Whenmyfathersawmymark,hesmiledandsaid,"________________."A.Youarewelcome)19.--Sorry,Ihaveleftyourbookathome.—_______________.A.You'rerightB.That'sallrightC.YouarewelcomeB.NotatallC.ExcusemeD.WelldoneD.It'sapleasure()20.Allofthepeoplestoodup,lookedoutofthewindowandtriedtofindoutwhatwashappening.Theunderlinedpartmeans____________.A.whatwasgoingonC.whatisupB.whatwillgoonD.whathashappened【keys】1-5CADCD6-10DDDDA11-15BDBBB16-20ADDBAⅥ.Fillintheblankswitnthewordsintheirproperforms.1.InBeijingsometimesthebusistoo______________forustogeton.(crowd)2.He_______________withMaryaboutwhichwasthebestplacetospendthesummerholiday.(argument)3.Allofthestudentsarelisteningtothelecture________________inthehall.(quiet)4.Inthe__________years,heworkedhardandbecameaverysuccessfulbusinessman.(follow)5.Parentshadbettertelltheirchildrennottoeatthefoodgivenby___________________.(strange)6.Therewerethree____________inaweekinthatcity.Howterrible!(rob)7.Ihaveastrongwishtobea_____________.Ithinkit'saninterestingandchallengingjob.(report)8.Jimalwaysgoestoschoolearly,soitwas______________forhimtogettoschoollatethismorning.(usually)9.Thelittlegirlisafraidof_____________infrontofthecrowds.(speak)10.Thecolourfulchildhoodofourswas____________.Andmostofuswanttolivelikeachild.(go)【keys】1.crowded6.robberies2.argued7.reporter3.quietly8.unusual4.following9.speaking5.strangers10.goneⅦ.Rewritethesentencesasrequired.1.Iwasinterestedinnaturalelementsmanyyearsago.(改为否定句)I_____________________interestedinnaturalelementsmanyyearsago.2.Paulreadmorethantenbooksduringthesummerholidays.(改为一般疑问句)_________Paul___________morethantenbooksduringthesummerholidays?3.Themanheldoutabagtoshowhedidn'thavemoney.(就划线部分提问)__________________themanholdoutabag?4.Thetrainwillleavethestationintenminutes.(就划线部分提问)___________________willthetrainleavethestation?5.Thereisnobodyintheclassroom.(保持原句意思)Theclassroom____________________.【keys】1.wasnot2.Didread3.Whydid4.Howsoon5.isemptyPart3ReadingandWritingⅧ.Readingcomprehension.A.TrueorFalse.Shanghai’s103-year-oldWaibaiduBridgewassetbackinitsoriginal(原来的)locationafterrepairing.TheWaibaiduBridgecalledtheGardenBridgeinEnglish,isasteel(钢的)bridgeovertheSuzhouRiver.Ithasbeenwell-knownsinceitwasbuiltin1907.ThefamousbridgeconnectstheHuangpuandHongkouDistricts(区).ItwasalsothefirsttruesteelbridgeinChina.Itgotthenamebecauseitwastheplacewherethepassengerswentacrosstheriverwithoutpaying.In1856,aBritishbusinessmannamedWalesbuiltafirstwoodenbridgeovertheSuzhouRiver.Foreignerscouldcrossforfree,butlocalChinesehadtopayalotofmoneyforcrossingthebridge.Afterafewyears,ShanghaiMunicipalCouncil(市政委员会)builtanotherwoodenbridgenexttothatone.Peopledidn'thavetopayforthebridgesincethen,sopeoplecalledit"FreeFerryBridge"or"GardenBridge".Withitsrichhistory,theWaibaiduBridgeisoneofthesymbols()ofShanghaiandmaybeknownasthecity'strademark(商标)bridge.1.TheGardenBridgewasanothernameoftheWaibaiduBridge.2.TheWaibaiduBridgewasmadeofwood.3.TheWaibaiduBridgewasthefirsttruesteelbridgeintheworld.4.ThepassengersmustpaymoneyforcrossingtheWaibaiduBridge.5.TheWaibaiduBridgeisfamousinShanghai.【keys】TFFFTB.Choosethebestanswer.TheFIFAWorldCup(oftencalledFootballWorldCup,TheWorldCup,orsimplyWorldCup)isthemostimportantcompetitionininternationalfootball(soccer),andtheworld'smostrepresentativeteamsportevent.OrganisedbyFederationInternationaledeFootballAssociation(FIFA),thesport'sgoverningbody,theWorldCupiscontestedbymen'snationalfootballteamswhichareFIFAmembers.TheWorldCupisheldeveryfouryears,butthequalifyingroundsofthecompetitiontakeplaceoverathree-yearperiod,usingregionalqualifyingtournaments.197nationalteamsenteredthequalificationtournamentsforthe2006WorldCup.Thefinaltournamentphaseinvolves32nationalteamscompetingoverafour-weekperiodinapreviouslynominatedhostnation.TheWorldCupfinalcompetition(oftencalledthe"Finals"),whichhasbeenheldeveryfouryearssince1930,exceptin1942and1946whenitwascancelledduetoWorldWarII,isthemostwidely-viewedandfollowedsportingeventintheworld.Ithasaglobalaudienceofmorethan3billionpeople(halftheworld'spopulation)exceedingeventheOlympicGames.OnlyeightnationshavewontheWorldCup.BrazilisthemostsuccessfulWorldCupteam,havingwonthetournamentfivetimes.GermanyandItalyfollowwiththreetitleseach.ArgentinaandUruguayhavetwotitleseach.Finally,France,EnglandandSpainhaveonetitleeach.(()1.TheWorldCupisheld____________.A.everyfouryearsB.everythreeyearsD.fiveyearsoldC.everyfiveyears)2.WhywastheWorldCupiscancelled()duringtheWorldWarII?A.Becausethegamewasnotinterestingatall.B.Becausepeopledidn'tlikethegamesanylonger.C.Becausethewarbrokeout.D.Becausetherewerenomatchesthere.((()3.TheWorldCuphasaglobalaudienceof____________people.A.morethan3billionC.3billionB.lessthan2billionD.over2billion)4.TheWorldCupisthemostimportantcompetitionin_____________.A.internationalbasketballC.internationaltabletennisB.internationalbaseballD.internationalfootball(soccer))5.___________isthemostsuccessfulWorldCupteam,havingwonthetournamentfivetimes.A.FranceB.AmericaC.BrazilD.Italy【keys】ACADCC.ChoosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassageThecomputerisfast,andnevermakesamistake,whilepeoplearesoslow,andcomputercandoeverydayjobswonderfully.Itiswidelyusedinfactories,hospitalsandbanks.Acomputercanreport,decideandcontrolinalmosteveryfield.Manycomputerscientistsarenowmakingthecomputerthinklikeaman.Withthehelpofaperson,acomputercandrawpictures,writemusic,talkwithpeople,playchessanddosome1mistakessometimes.Nowa234things.Perhapscomputerswillonedayreallythinkandfeel.Doyouthinkthatpeoplewillbe5whentheyfindthatthecomputeristooclevertolistentopeople?((((()1.A.fullofB.fullwithB.alotofC.filledofC.alotD.filledinD.many)2.A.sofew)3.A.thinkingat)4.A.theother)5.A.happyB.thinkingforB.othersC.thinkingofC.anotherC.afraidD.thinkingoverD.otherB.frighteningD.shy【keys】ABCDCD.ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswiththeproperwordsTokeepourselvesfit,physicalexerciseisthebestway.Intakingpartinoutdoorsports,weareclosertonbreathefreshair.Thebeautyofnaturewillkeepusclear-headed,whichisessentialtoourhupthecirculationofbloodandhelptoexcretethewastesinthebody.Sportscanalsoworkupourappetiteandactivateourdigestion.Whatismore,wecanbIalwaystakeanactivepartinphysicalexerciseandenjoygoodhealth.Isworkawholedaylong.Ishallkeepupdoingphysicalexercisesoastolivelongeranddomoreforthec5l._____________2.____________3.____________4.____________5.___________1andcan2.Besides,sportsspeed3strong-bodied.4getsickandfeelvigorousevenifI.【keys】1.nature2.health3.become4.seldom5.countryE.Answerthequestions.TheWorldExpoin2010TheWorldExpohasalonghistorybutithasneverbeenheldindevelopingcountries.Sothe2010WorldExpoisanhonorforalloftheAsians.Ourgovernmenthaspromisedthatitwillbethebestone.AndShanghai,asahostcity,willhavemorechancestodevelopquickly.AsastudentinShanghai,IshouldlearnEnglishwellsothatIcanbeavolunteerintheExpotohelpforeignersknowmoreaboutShanghai.ShanghaiEmbracesExpoCelebrationsspreadacrossChinawhenShanghai,theOrientalPearlwasgiventherighttohostthe2010WorldExpoonDecember3.ShanghaiwonthehonorafterbeatingrivalsfromRussia,Mexico,PolandandSouthKorea.BiddingfortheExposhowsthatChinaismoreconfidentofplayingamoreimportantroleontheinternationalstage.ItiscompetingforlargeeventsandthenextonecouldbetheWorldCup.TheWorldExpoisknownasthe"Olympicsoftheeconomic,cultural,scientificandtechnologicalfields".Itisusuallyheldevery5yearsandlastsforsixmonths.1.HowmanytimeshastheWorldExpobeenheldindevelopingcountriesbefore2010?2.WhatistheWorldExpoisknownas?3.Whatcanweexpectthe2010WorldExpotobringtoShanghai?4.HowoftenistheWorldExpoheld?5.AndhowlongdoestheWorldExpolast?【keys】1.Never.2.It’sknownas“Olympicoftheeconomic,cultural,scientificandtechnologicalfield”.3.Moreopportunitiestodevelop.4.Everyfiveyears.5.Sixmonths.Ⅸ.Writing.Writeapassageabout60wordsonthetopic"ATrafficAccident"(以“一桩交通事故”为题写一篇约60词的短文)Onepossibleversion:ATrafficAccidentYesterdaywhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Isawanoldladyinfrontofme.Shewantedtocrossthestreet.Allofasudden,abicycleranagainstheratahighspeed.Theoldwomanfelltotheground.Thecyclistwasveryfrightenedandranaway.Ihurriedtohelptheladyup,calledataxiandsenthertothenearesthospital.Luckilyshewasnotbadlyhurt.Weliveinalargecitywhichislikeabigfamily.Weshouldcareforeachother.Step6:Summary.Whatdidyoulearntoday？Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutourlessons？PleaseletmeknowyouropinionsaboutitandIwilldomybesttoperfectit.Thanks!Step7:HomeworkⅠ.Choosethebestanswer1.Therewereno_____inShanghaififtyyearsago.Allofthemweremen.A.womandrivers2.LastnightI______uplatetofinishmyhomework.A.wokeB.gotB.womandriverC.womendriverD.womendriversD.stayedD./C.stood3.Myparentswishmetogoto_______universityinthefuture.A.aC.the4.Let’s_____thenextundergroundtogettoZhongshanPark.A.haveB.buyC.bring5.NobodynoticedTom_______theBankofShanghai.A.enteredB.toenterC.enters6.Hecameinvery______,soIdidn’tnoticehimatfirst.A.quiteB.quiet7.It’scoldoutside.Please_______yourcoat.A.wearB.dressB.anD.takeD.enterC.quitelyD.quietlyD.haveonD.off,onC.puton8.Mr.Smithgot_____thebusandthengot____hisowncar.A.on,offB.off,intoC.outof,onⅡ.Completethesentenceswiththerightwords.1,WhenIgotintotheclassroom,PeterandJacksonwere_____.(argument)2,Aguidealwaystakeshis/her______hereandthere.(tour)3,The_____speechmadeeveryoneinthehallsleepy.(bore)4,Hethought______abouthisprojectanddecidedtofinishitinthemorning.(careful)5,Thegovernmentmusttake______tofightagainstpollution.(act)Ⅲ.Rewritethesentenceasrequired.1.IspeakEnglishtotheCanadianvisitors.（改为一般疑问句）________you_______EnglishtotheCanadianvisitors.2.Theyaskedmefor100yuan.（就划线部分提问）___________________theyaskyoufor?3.WewenttoLuckyIslandonSaturdayafternoon.（就划线部分提问）_____________you______toLuckyIsland?4.Hisgrandmasometimeswalksamile.（对划线部分提问）____________________hisgrandmawalkamile?5.Wehadfivelessonsyesterdaymorning.（改为否定句）We______________fivelessonsyesterdaymorning.Ⅳ.ReadingcomprehensionHaveyouheardaboutteleworking?Itmeansworkingfromadistance,inotherwords,notworkinginanofficebutworkingathome.YouusethecomputerandtheInternettokeepi