北京中考英语试题及答案

2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名本试卷共页，共五道大题，道小题，满分分。考试时间分钟。准考证号考场号座位号考生须知在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。在答题卡上，选择题用铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ilikefootball.Isaforin----usuallytoplayitafrom-----theyarecute.likeifIIlltrain.thethreeisthetallest.is7.Billlikesread8.----Paul,night?-----Iainthefriends.atennisplayer,toplaytennissix------Lucy,isateacher?------Yes,is.historyfornearlyisteachingAinternationalairportinthecityisthepicturehisisreadingreadteach-------Alice,tell-------Sure.leftleaveleavedidleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。RealSolutions(解决方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems13inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandall.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedintheThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的）balloons15sothattheballoonswouldntblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas16.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure(压力).Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoons17outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothewerenextandlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswerethenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisornameon,Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.herItwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto19therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoonsrespectiveengineers.20thehandsoftheThemanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.freedlifted阅读理解（共36分）findhitACD四个选项中，26分，每小题2分）ARoger:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift,weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?Jessica:Yes,Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,WewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Sara:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference会议）oncharity(慈善）lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.Martin:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual,LastThursday,myschoolband(乐队）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!A.LastWednesdayB.lastthursdayC.LastFridayD.LastSaturday.22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?23.MartinwenttoAtlantaA.speakataconferenceC.performinacompetitionB.organizeapartyD.visitauniversityBWhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench)，"Theyregood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.24.ThewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuyA.fruitsB.vegetablesC.candiesD.toys25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothert..B.seeA.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(关联)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(认知功能）.ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildrensaddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.Payamtheleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2，593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace..C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,theresalwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwetseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽视）it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledontjustacceptchange;theyembrace(拥抱）it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbesfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe?rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthatA.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.B.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallypassinggrades.consideredAnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactoryorIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In，theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:C:76-84%(fair)Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(证据)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon?tfullyreflect(反映）studentlearning。However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉）andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyarentgoingawayanytimesoon.34.whatdoesanFstandforinthe、、C、DandFgradingsystem?35.whenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?36.whatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?37.whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?38.whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?39.50词的文段写作，文中已给出内容不计入总数.所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目一：Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。提示词语：lecture讲座）,invite,information,question,online提示问题：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?whatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?Howisitgoing?llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿.谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以这样做的意义。提示词语：thrifty节约的）?save,turnoff.money,virtue美德）提示问题：Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?w123456789hydoyoudoCABDCDBACBDAso?2018It’soneofourtraditionalvir