第三周议阅读指导分析判断论点和论据的关系上

北京市海淀区教师进修学校北京市海淀区教育委员会议论文阅读指导：分析判断论点和论据的关系（上）授课教师：董元芳学校：北京交通大学附属中学高三年级英语学科海淀区高中学生在线学习课程Afterthisclass,youwillbeableto:1.recognizeanarticle’ssupports

inaparagraph2.understandhowtheauthordevelopshismainideaObjectivesWhataresupports（论据）?Supportsarereasons,examples,facts,expertopinionsorotherkindsofevidencethatbackupamainideaofaparagraphoracentralpoint(thesisstatement)ofanarticle.Eg.①

Mydogisnotverybright.

②He’sfiveyearsoldanddoesn’trespondtohisnameyet.

③Ioftenhavetoputfoodinfrontofhimbecausehecan’t论据是支撑论点的材料，是作者用来证明论点的理由和根据。finditbyhimself.P=pointS=supportPS1S2Therelationshipbetweenacentralpoint/mainidea

andsupports论点point论据support论证argument议论文中的论点和论据是通过论证组织起来的。论证（伞架）是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法，是论点和论据之间的逻辑关系纽带。论点(Point)是解决“需要证明什么，”论据(Support)是解决“用什么来证明”，论证(Argument)是解决“怎样证明”。6commonformsofarguments(论证方法）and

theircluewords(transitionalphrases)

1.Addition:furthermore,inaddition,besides,also......2.Example:forinstance,forexample,namely,specifically,accordingto......3.Causeandeffect:because,forthisreason,therefore,......4.ComparisonandContrast:justlike,same,similarorsimilarly,although,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,otherwise......5.Expertopinion:sbclaims,“...”;“....”,reportssb;......6.Statistics:22%,fewofthem,fewer.....2015年北京高考真题D

Para.2

①Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.

②Surveys(调查)onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.

③Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.④Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.67.Thesurveysinformusof______.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication1.Using“additions”tosupportanideaclearlyMainideaSupportsC2013年北京高考真题C

Para.3

2.UsingexamplestoclarifyanideaMainideaSupports

①Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.

②Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.③WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.④Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930s

ranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.64.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.B.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.C.Well-knownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids.D.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.B2016年北京高考真题D

Para.4

①Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.②Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.③Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.3.Usingcauses/reasonstosupportanideaMainideaSupport2011年北京高考真题D

Para.1

①AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating（发电）andtransmission（输送）systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.②

Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighways

isnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.

③Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestHowSolarEnergyCouldreshapetheWestHowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled4.UsingcomparisonandcontrasttosupportanideaMainideaTopicB2020年北京海淀第一学期期末DPara.1“IfIonlyhadalittlehumility,I’dbeperfect,”themediagiantTedTurnersupposedlysaid

sometimeinthe1990s.Whybemodest?Aristotlesaid:“Allmenbynaturedesiretoknow.”Intellectualhumilityisaparticularinstanceofhumility,sinceyoucanbedown-to-earthaboutmostthingsbutstillignoreyourmentallimitations.62.Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.theharmarrogancedoestousB.thekeyelementstoafulfillinglifeC.thesignificanceofintellectualhumilityD.thewaypeopleaccessinformationonline5.UsingexpertopiniontosupportanideaC2005年北京高考真题DPara.4

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganim