2019译林版高中英语选择性必修二Unit4 Living with technology 知识清单（教师版）

。。。阅读单词认读networkn.网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络autonomousadj.自主的，有自主权的；自治的databasen.数据库hackern.黑客fail-safeadj.有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的dronen.无人驾驶飞机fountainpen自来水笔licencen.(AmElicense)许可证，执照headsetn.耳机immersiveadj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的fine-tunevt.对……微调state-of-the-artadj.使用最先进技术(或方法)的，最先进的gendern.性别重点单词识记castlen.城堡inputn.输入的信息，投入vt.(input,input)输入(信息)capacityn.领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量analyse(AmEanalyze)vt.分析massiveadj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的coinvt.创造(新词语)breakthroughn.重大进展，突破adj.突破性的financen.财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理vt.提供资金domesticadj.家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的commitvt.(犯)罪；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间)vi.全心全意投入，忠于murdervt.&n.谋杀，凶杀posevt.造成，产生；提问，质询vi.摆好姿势n.姿势apparentlyadv.显然，可见warningn.警告，先兆；警戒victimn.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的theftn.偷窃，偷窥罪predictvt.预言，预告decreasevt.&vi.减少，降低n.减少，降低denyvt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受quantityn.数量；大量airlinen.航空公司spyvi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见n.间谍monitorvt.监视，跟踪调查；监听n.显示屏；监测器；班长stadiumn.体育场，运动场highlightn.最好(或最精彩)的部分vt.突出，强调；使醒目capsulen.小塑料容器；(装药的)胶囊；太空舱buryvt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入fountainn.喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源contemporaryadj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的n.同代人，同辈人seedn.种子；起源，起因wheatn.小麦，小麦粒muscularadj.肌肉的；强壮的concludevt.&vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止superiorityn.优越感；优越性，优势virtualadj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的definitionn.定义；释义，解释sensorn.传感器，敏感元件practicaladj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的academicadj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的twinn.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的clonen.好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物)vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制barriern.障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂initialadj.最初的，开始的n.首字母weedn.杂草，野草satelliten.人造卫星；卫星expensen.费用；开销；开支pubn.酒吧，酒馆核心词汇拓展threatenvt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threatn.威胁，恐吓crimen.罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminaln.罪犯adj.犯罪的，犯法的urgevt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.冲动，强烈的欲望→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的→urgencyn.紧急(的事)demandvt.需要；强烈要求n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要→demandingadj.(工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的greedyadj.贪心的，贪婪的→greedn.贪婪，贪心recognitionn.识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→recognizevt.认出，识别；承认distributionn.分发，分送；分配，分布→distributevt.分配；散布；分发illegaladj.不合法的，非法的→legaladj.法律许可的，合法的→legallyadv.法律上，合法地→illegallyadv.违法地，非法地justifiedadj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→justifyvt.证明……正当；替……辩护engagevt.&vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣等)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→engagementn.婚约；约会；诺言optimisticadj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimismn.乐观；乐观主义annoyvt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyedadj.愤怒的，生气的→annoyingadj.讨厌的；恼人的→annoyancen.烦恼globen.球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→globaladj.全球的；总体的；球形的envyn.&vt.羡慕，忌妒→enviousadj.羡慕的；嫉妒的核心短语速记(build)castlesintheair(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想tonamebutafew略举几例fallvictimto受伤，受损，被害breakinto强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入inlargequantities大量，大批spyon暗中监视，窥探attheforefrontof处于最前列，进入重要地位ahostof许多，大量boildownto归结为，基本问题是attheexpenseof在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下likeweeds大量cometrue实现becapableofdoingsth.有能力做某事inshort总之；简言之avarietyof多种多样的kitchenn.厨房knowledgen.知识；学问landscapen.风景；景色lameadj.跛的；瘸的laughtern.笑；笑声launchvt.发射；发起(运动)laundryn.洗衣店；洗衣房learnedadj.有才华的；博学的leftoveradj.剩余的；剩下的legendn.传说；传奇liberationn.解放libertyn.自由Toachievethisaim,manyapproachestocreatingtrueAIhavebeenputforward,including“deeplearning”...(todo作目的状语)为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的AI的方法，包括“深度学习”……Aswebecomemoreandmoredependentoncomputers,somescientistsareurgingustothinkaboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.(过去分词短语作后置定语)随着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，一些科学家正敦促我们思考AI的进步所带来的危险。WhatifItoldyouthatdoctorscouldcreateavirtual“twin”inordertopractisedelicatesurgerybeforeattemptingitonthepatient?(whatif...)如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？Itwon’tbelongbeforevirtualmuseumsandinteractivethree-Dexhibitionsbecomecommon.(before引导的时间状语从句)用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。Whenshoppingonline,youcanlookforwardtobeingabletohaveyourownvirtualrealityclonetryonclothesandtoseeproductswith360-degreeviews.(状语从句的省略)网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360度全方位查看商品。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。decrease,conclude,predict,denyRecently,thetopicofenvironmentalpollutionhasagainarousedmoreandmoreattention.Thereisno1.denyingthatthisproblemmayboildowntothefactthathumansaretoogreedy.Tomeettheirdemandsformoremoney,manytreeshavebeencutdowninlargequantities.Besides,thenumberofwildanimalsisalsoonthe2.decreasebecauseofillegalhunting.Itis3.predictedthatifsuchthingscontinuehappening,theecologicalsystemwillbethreatened.Apparently,itisurgentthatthegovernmentshouldtakesomepracticalmeasurestoprohibitpeoplefromdestroyingourenvironment.Withthejointefforts,wecanfindsomealternativesolutions.To4.conclude,wecanneverdevelopoureconomyattheexpenseoftheenvironment.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇urgevt.敦促，催促；竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.强烈的欲望，冲动(urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的urgentlyadv.紧急地)urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)do...主张……Itisurgedthat...(should)do...人们坚决要求/竭力主张……haveanurgetodosth.渴望做某事Ihadanurgetobreakintomyparents’roomwhenIheardthemquarreling.Thepeopleintheearthquake-strickenareaareinurgent(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.Parentsshouldurgetheirchildrennottoengage(engage)invirtualworldtoomuch.人们敦促父母应该少花点时间上网，多花点时间陪孩子。(应用文写作之倡议书)Itisurgedthatparents(should)spendlesstimeonlinebutmoretimeaccompanyingtheirchildren.demandvt.强烈要求；需要n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要(demandingadj.要求高的；要求严格的；费力的；苛求的)bein(great)demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfyone’sdemands满足某人的需求demandtodosth.要求做某事demandthat...(should)dosth.要求……做某事Apparently,sciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandthanartsonesinChina.Tomyrelief,heisequaltothedemanding(demand)task.Theteacherdemandedtobegivenmyparents’telephonenumbers.→Theteacherdemandedthathe/she(should)begivenmyparents’telephonenumbers.alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的，可供选择的(alternativelyadv.二者选一地；可供选择地)analternativeto...……的替代品havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择Thereisnoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事。Naturalgasisanotherabundantfuelthatexpertsconsideranalternativetogasoline.Thecoalontheearthwillbeusedup.Wehavenoalternativebuttofind(find)anewsourceofenergy.Astocosmetics,ifyoudon’tlikedomesticbrands,youhavethealternativeofbuyingforeignones.Wecannotchoosebuttakeimmediateactiontostoppollution.(用alternative改写)→Forus,thereisnoalternativebuttotakeimmediateactiontostoppollution.decreasevt.&vi.减少，降低n.减少，降低onthedecrease/decline在减少；在衰退ontheincrease/rise在上涨，在增长decrease/increaseby...减少/增加了……decrease/increaseto...减少到/增加到……ThenumberofpeopleowningprivatecarsisontheincreaseinChina.Bytheendoflastyear,thenumberhadincreasedto80million,whilethenumberofpeoplebuyingJapanesecarshaddecreasedby20%.野生动物的数量在过去几年里一直在减少。Thenumberofwildanimalshasbeenonthedecrease/declineinthepastfewyears.quantityn.数量；大量alarge/smallquantityof大量/少量的largequantitiesof大量的；许多的inquantity/largequantities大量，大批Notonlyare(be)quantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.Ifyoubuythesegoodsinlargequantities,wewillofferabetterpricetoyou.Alargequantityofwheathas(have)beentransportedintomountainousareas.就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。Personally,itisqualityratherthanquantitythatreallycounts.用法点拨：aquantityof或quantitiesof后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。“aquantityof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantitiesof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。buryv.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；遮盖buryoneselfin埋头于，专心于beburiedin专心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands,thevictimtriedtocontrolhisweeping.Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishandsburied(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.Becausesheburiedherselfinwatchingthefootballmatchinthestadium,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.Buryingherselfinwatchingthefootballmatchinthestadium,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语升级)Buriedinwatchingthefootballmatchinthestadium,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语升级)用法点拨：表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：beabsorbedin，belostin，bedevotedto，focuson，concentrateone’sattentionon等。annoyvt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰(annoyedadj.颇为生气的，恼怒的annoyancen.恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事annoyingadj.讨厌的；恼人的)beannoyedat/aboutsth.因某事而生气beannoyedwithsb.对某人生气beannoyedthat...恼怒的是……toone’sannoyance使某人生气的是Tomyannoyance,myteacherwasstillannoyedwithmeat/aboutmyacademicperformance.Afterall,Itriedmybest.(用合适的词或annoy的适当形式填空)他因发现他的儿子卷入了犯罪活动而感到十分恼火。Tohisannoyance,hefoundhissoninvolvedinthecrime.(annoyance)Whatannoyedhimwasthathefoundhissoninvolvedinthecrime.(what引导的主语从句)Itannoyedhimthathefoundhissoninvolvedinthecrime.(it作形式主语)breakinto强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入breakin打断(谈话)；突然闯入breakout突然爆发breakup打碎；拆散；分解；结束；分手；放假breakdown瓦解，分解；机器坏了；身体垮掉用break短语的正确形式填空：Thetwinsclosethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangersbreakingintotheirhouse.Themanwasannoyedthathisnaughtysonbrokeuphisnewwatch.Yourcomputerbrokedownagain,whichboileddowntothefactthatyouboughtthecheapestbrandjusttosaveafewdollars.Iwasdrinkingwhenthefirebrokeoutinthatpubandthenitspreadquickly.Itwon’tbelongbeforevirtualmuseumsandinteractivethree-Dexhibitionsbecomecommon.用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。before引导时间状语从句时，翻译比较灵活，可译为“在……之前；……之后才……；(不久)就……；还没来得及就……”等意义。含before的常用句式：Itwon’tbelongbefore...不久就……(before从句用一般现在时)Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...过……时间才……(before从句用一般现在时)Itwasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)Itwas...before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)写出下列句子中before的汉语意思：Beforetheyreachedthestadium,thematchhadbegun.在……之前Itwillbeafewyearsbeforewecanmakeabreakthroughinthisresearch.要过……才……Itwillnotbelongbeforewegetridofthetroubleinfinance.(过不了多久)就……HetookthebadnewsoutofhismouthbeforeIcouldstophim.还没来得及就……将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的妻子道歉。Itwasnearlyadaybeforeherealizedhismistakesandsaidsorrytohiswife.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍poseA.v.造成，产生B.v.提问C.v.摆姿势D.n.姿势Thedelegatesposedforagroupphotograph.CWeallknowthatnuclearweaponsposethreattohumansecurity.ATheyposequestionsaboutwhatwerethetransitionsinhumanevolution.BSheadoptedanelegantposeforthecamera.DbreakintoA.强行闯入B.突然开始(笑、唱等)C.顺利打入Asthepresident’scardrewup,thecrowdbrokeintoloudapplause.BThecompanyishavingdifficultybreakingintonewmarkets.CUnfortunately,wehadourhousebrokenintolastweek.A快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Shegainedonlyminimalrecognitionforherwork.赞誉，赏识，奖赏Tourismisafountainofwealthforthecity.丰富来源核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Withoutdoubt,hisparentswillbeannoyed(annoy)iftheyknowheresignedfromthebigcompany.Inordertoraisesomemoney,ultimatelythemanbrokeuptheoldmachineandsoldsomeparts.Thoughburied(bury)inhisworkthesedays,hestilljoinedthevolunteerorganizationtohelpthedisabled.Accordingtothefinding,thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasesfrom210to160thisyear.Forlackofenoughevidence,thejudgehadnoalternativebuttoannounce(announce)himtobeinnocent.Schoolsdemandthatduringholidaysstudents’onlinetime(should)berestricted(restrict).Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentoequip(equip)themselveswithknowledge.Quantitiesofmoneyandtimehave(have)beenspentinresearchingandfightingthevirus.单句写作——应用文增分练(关于环境问题的发言稿)随着工业的发展，大量的水被污染了。(quantity)Withthedevelopmentofindustry,alargequantityofwaterhasbeenpolluted.由于非法捕猎，野生动物的数量正在减少。(decrease)Thenumberofwildanimalsisonthedecreaseowingto/becauseofillegalhunting.这种可怕的情况要求我们共同努力进行改变。(demand)Thisterriblesituationdemandsthatwe(should)makejointeffortstochange.竭力主张我们要努力提高人们的环境保护意识。(urge)Itisurgedthatweshouldtryourbesttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.我坚信，用不了多久我们就会建造一个干净的家园。(before)Iholdthefirmbeliefthatitwon’tbelongbeforewebuildacleanhome.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写apparentlyadv.显然，可见victimn.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者greedyadj.贪心的，贪婪的optimisticadj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的theftn.偷窃，偷窥罪crimen.罪，罪行；犯罪活动annoyvt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰envyn.&vt.羡慕，忌妒动作描写commitvt.(犯)罪；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间)vi.全心全意投入，忠于buryvt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入环境描写pubn.酒吧，酒馆[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。汤姆在酒吧里埋头喝酒。显然，他很恼怒，充满了遗憾。由于对金钱贪婪，他犯罪了，涉及盗窃。“明天，我可能会在监狱里。”他自言自语地说。那一刻，他父母的话在他耳边响起，“保持乐观、自信，一切都会好起来的”。突然间，他有种想面对面地向受害者道歉的冲动。他开始羡慕拥有自由的人。他意识到他最初的想法是错误的。Tomwasburiedindrinkinginthepub.Apparently,hewasannoyedandfullofregret.Greedyformoney,hecommittedacrimeinvolvinghimselfintheft.“Tomorrow,Imightbeinprison,”hesaidtohimself.Atthatmoment,hisparents’wordsranginhisears,“Keepoptimisticandconfident,andeverythingwillbefine.”Suddenly,hehadanurgetomakeanapologytothevictimfacetoface.Hebegantoenvythosewhohadfreedom.Herealizedhisinitialthoughtwaswrong.词形变化填空（每小题2分，共14分）Theterroriststhreatenedtokillthehostage