2016年6月英语四级真题及答案第2套

2SetalimittotheproductionoftheirTakestepstoreducenicotineintheirStudytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungA)ThebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokersBigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofBrandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmoreTobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirA)TheypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentinTheyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofTheywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigaretteTheywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust 9.A)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp. B)TalkingwithherboyfriendinDutch.C)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.D)AcquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocializeA)Listeninglanguageprogramsontheradio.B)TryingtospeakitasmuchasoneC)Makingfriendswithnative D)PracticingreadingaloudasoftenasA)ItcreatesanenvironmentforItoffersvariouscourseswithcreditIttrainsyoungpeople’sleadershipItprovidesopportunitiesforlanguageQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Theimpactofenginedesignonrodesafety.B)TherolemenyintrafficC)Asense domdriving D)RulesandregulationsforA)Makecarswithautomatic B)MakecarsthathavebetterC)Makecarsthatareless D)MakecarswithhigherA)Theytendtodrive B)TheyliketogoathighC)Theykeepwithinspeed D)TheyfollowtrafficrulesA)Itisabad B)ItisnotC)Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps D)ItshouldbecombinedwithSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.33Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Thecardgotdamaged B)ThecardwasfoundC)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.D)ThecardreaderbrokedownA)ByconvertingthecreditcardwithalayerofBycallingthecredit forByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerBytythecreditcardnumberintothecashA)Affectthesalesofhigh-techChangethelifestyleofmanyGivebirthtomanynewtechnologicalProducemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateTheyaredeterminedbytheadvisingTheyleavemuchroomforTheyvaryamongdifferent B)ByreadingtheBulletinofC)Bycontactingthedepartmental D)Byvisitingtheuniversity’sA)TheyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustTheyarehardertomeetthanthoseforTheyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingTheyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Studentsmajoringin B)StudentsinhealthC)Ph.D.candidatesin D)MiddleandhighschoolA)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectof B)ItsmistakenconceptionofC)Itschangingcriteriafor D)ItsoveremphasisonA)ToillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskinTodemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonToexinhowcomputerimagescanbeToprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourA)TopersuadegirlstostopTopromoteherownconceptofToestablishanemotionalconnectionwithTohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadliving40 Part40 Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone4foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren26everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”,andmostolderpeopledonotfeel27.About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon’tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious33,theyarelikelytoenjoyeach .Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan34causeproblems.Ifparentsareagreedbytheirdaughter’sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,35arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.A)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownFormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinctions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualernmentsbutalsoourglobalIcannolongerignorethatrisk.OurcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomysmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseisAsdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansaregrowing,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressontheernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,5hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpower ;todayitisfailingstates.Statesfailwhennationalernmentscannolongerprovidealsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whenernmentslosetheircontrolonpower,lawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescan esodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees(难民),threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008—andthethreattheyposetofood—hasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-driven——droughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.Incontrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(转向ofU.Sgraintotheproductionofbio- esriseamong econsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.A thisyear’sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends——theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures——aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld’sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworld’sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld’speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers——,andtheU.S.Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,’swheatcrop,theworld’slargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.Butwatershortagesareevenmoreworryingin.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.Astheworld’sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthose6livingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrains.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld’spopulationateightbillionby2040,comple yremovepoverty,andrestoresandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese——thedistributionfamily-nningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerFormanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ournisthenewsecuritybudget.Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.SocialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodRatherthansuperpower ,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.SomepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyTheauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultima yleadtothecollapseofworld Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld’sgrainThecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld’scurrentmilitaryTolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainEnvironmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodAquarterofthisyear’sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingDecliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsof7functionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudyThestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresof reasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundageOntheotherhand,indicatorsofa ’saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothy“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone’sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,”Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle细微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionslettersandIngeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.“Byfollowingindividualsovertime,”Salthousesaid,“wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyyzingthestudyparticipants’healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.WhatisthecommonviewofmentalItvaries to B)Itweakensinone’slaterC)Itgraduallyexpandswith WhatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalSomediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirTheyreachapeakattheageof20formostTheyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalSomeofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillWhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople’smindsinmostTheytendtodeclineinpeople’slaterTheyfunctionquitewelleveninoldTheirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobeAlthoughpeople’smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage, maybebetteratsolving8canmemorizethingswithmoremayhavegreaterfacility canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveAccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelp findwaystoslowdownourmentalfindwaystoboostourunderstandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD)understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealthPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisispre-K”—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandmakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity’sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissuesrelatedtoeducatingachild.Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn’tbetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild’sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.WhaternmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithsequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyForthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelorapidly.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergartenItshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualItisessentialtoa’sfutureacademicScholarsandmakershavedifferentopinionsaboutParentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren’sWhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyPre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlast9ThethirdgrademarksanewphaseofThethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren’sQualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-KWhendoestheauthorthinkpre-KworkstheWhenitisaccessibletokidsofallWhenitismadepartofkids’WhenitisnolongerconsideredaWhenitismadefunandenjoyabletoWhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganSheknowstherealgoalof B)SheisamayorofinsightandC)Shehasoncerunapre-K D)Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids’ 30 30 Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.3.【答案】PartIIIReadingSection27.【答案】30.【答案】32.【答案】33.【答案】SectionSection 36.【答案】42.【答案】44.【答案】Section51.【答案】PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA

M)provide。根据上下文判断，本空在句中作谓语动词，并与后半句的andmostolderpeopledonotfeel构成并列关系，故前后时态应一致，均为一般现在时。选项中的动词有：A)abandoned（抛弃）；（提供）。其中，M)provide符合语法和大意。本句意为：成年的孩子们会尽可能地为年AabandonedfeelA)abandoned（被抛弃的）；Badvanced（先进的）；Ifrequent（频繁的，时常的）；C)biased（有偏见的）；Gdependent（依赖的）；Hdistant（疏远的）。上文说道：孩子们尽可能地提供关心和支持，故父母没有被抛弃的感觉。所以本题选A符合题意。I)frequent。本空所在句中的contact是名词，havecontactwiththeirchildren（与孩子保持……联系），由此可知此答案是修饰contact，选项中frequent（频繁的）符合上下文大意，所以选I。L)merely。本空所在句的语法结构完整，空格处在本句修饰havingcontactwith，故应是副词，选项中副词有：Lmerely（只是，仅仅）；Nunderstandably（可理解地）；O)unrealistically（不现实地）merelyCbiasedmaybe之后，在句中作表语，因此需要名词或形容词。上文提到研究发现与家人来往最多的老人可能最没，随后出现however转折，由此可判断，Theresearchmaybebiased（研究可能有偏见），所以本题选C。G)dependent。根据本句大意：asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore（因为身 ），选项中符合句意是G项dependent（依赖的），本句意为：因为身体不好往往会使老人更具依赖性，所以他们才会增进与家人的联系。F)dampens。空格所在句使用了itis强调句型，强调句的主语为poorhealth,notspirits构成衔接，本句意为：所以更可能是因为健康不佳，使得老人情绪低落，而不仅是E)commitment。本空所在句的childrearingpractices（抚养孩子的方法和religious构成并列关系，故此空为名词，选项中的名词有：D)chances（机遇，可能性）；E)commitment（承诺，奉献）；J)fulfillment（履行，完成）。其中，religiouscommitment（信奉）表达最佳，且符合大意，故本题选ENunderstandably。空格所在句的语法结构完整，本空位于情态动词can和动词Nunderstandably和Ounrealistically大意N项表达正确。本句意为：在此类事上 D)chances。由 are即可判断，此空为名词复数，所以选D项chances（机遇，可能性）。空格所在句意为：如果父母对女儿的离婚感到，不喜欢新婚丈夫，SectionThemorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.【答案解析】由本题的关键信息wanttoconsumemeatproducts可将答案定位至F段最后一句：wantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts。本段大意为：粮食价格上涨是大趋势（therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven），量使用谷物制造生物。surge被替换成steepclimb,故选F段。Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffood【答案解析】本题的关键信息是Socialorder和breakingdown，由此可直接将答案定位至K段Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasuressoaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder（尽管出台了临时的政策，但是飙升的食品价格和一些国家饥饿的蔓延，已经开始打破社会秩序了，故本句对应K段。Ratherthansuperpower ,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.【答案解析】根据题干中的superpower 和worldsecurity将答案定位至C段最后一句的superpower 和international 。该段最后两句说道：如果粮食状况持如今却是的。故本题匹配C段。Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamily【答案解析】本题的是implementationoffamilynning（的），由此可将答案定位至L段的最后一句：Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-nningservices（事实上，至少我们在其中的一项，即服务分配上已经在一些地区取得了实质性的进展）。本题是对该句的同义转述，所以选L段。Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimayleadtothecollapseofworld【答案解析】本题关键信息cometoagree，collapse，由此可将答案定位到A句和B段。A段提到，作者以前也 的说法；但在B段作者又总结到，如对世界粮食经济造成的损害，那么全球文明的结论也是有可能的。故本题符合B段大Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld’sgrain【答案解析】本题意为：水资源日益短缺成为世界粮食产量提高的最大。其中H段说道：Ofallthosetrends,howeverthespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat（在众多趋势中，水的蔓延成为了最直接的），由此可知本题是对该句的同义转述，所以选H段。Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld’scurrentmilitary【答案解析】根据关键信息：Thecost，lessthan和militaryspending可将答案定位到原文M段的倒数第二句：Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending（而我们计划用于挽救文明的花销每年不足2000亿，相当于目前全球军事花费的1/6），故本题与M段匹配。Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainlowerdomesticfoodprices和limitedgrainexports可将答案定位至J段，本段中间提到：RussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexportsinhopesof…andtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices（俄罗斯和阿根廷通过限制和出口，希望能提高当地粮食供给，从而降低国内粮食价格），所以本题选JEnvironmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfood【答案解析】本题意为：必须解决环境问题来缓解当下全球粮食短缺的状况。原文L段的前几句说道：既然粮食短缺是大趋势，那么必须扭转导致这一状况的环境变化的趋势（Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed）。接着又提到如何扭转：至2020年，将二氧化碳排放量减少到2006年的80%；2040年将世界人口稳定至80亿；彻底消除贫困；改善森林和土壤等。所以本题符合L段的概述。Aquarterofthisyear’sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelfor【答案解析】根据本题Aquarterof和bio-fuelforcars，可将答案定位至G段的最后一句Aofthisea’U.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars（四分之