【知识解析】Unit 4 Vocabulary Learning【区一等奖】

VocabularyLearning—anxiety【释义】n.thestateoffeelingnervousorworriedthatsth.badisgoingtohappen焦虑，忧虑，担心；astrongfeelingofwantingtodosth.orofwantingsth.tohappen渴望【例句】Mothersfeelanxietywhentheirchildrenaresick.孩子病了母亲总是很焦急。Sheexpressedanxietyforanewdictionary.她渴望得到一本新字典。【词语辨析】anxiety,concern,worry这组词都有“焦虑、关心”的意思，其区别是：anxiety指对预料中的不祥之事的焦虑；concern作“关心”用时，是indifference（冷漠）的反义词，侧重对他人健康、安全等的关心，也可暗示对困难、危险或失败等的忧虑；worry侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/VocabularyLearning—announce【释义】vt.totellpeoplesomethingofficially,especiallyaboutadecision,plans,etc.宣布；togiveinformationaboutsomethinginapublicplace,especiallythroughaloudspeaker通知；tosaysomethinginaloudand/orseriousway声称【例句】Theyhaven’tformallyannouncedtheirengagementyet.他们还没有正式宣布订婚。Sheannouncedthatshe’dgivenupsmoking.她宣称她已戒烟。【词义辨析】announce,declare,pronounceannounce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或的事情；declare侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布；pronounce词义与announce,declare接近，但较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布。announce/əˈnaʊns/VocabularyLearning—astonish【释义】v.tosurprisesbverymuch使吃惊，使惊讶【例句】Thenewsastonishedeveryone.这消息使大家十分惊讶。【同根词】astonishingadj.

令人惊讶的；astonishedadj.感到吃惊的【词语辨析】astonish,surprise,amaze这组词都有“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”的意思，其区别是：astonish语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇；surprise普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感；amaze语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。astonish/əˈstɒnɪʃ/VocabularyLearning—atmosphere【释义】n.themixtureofgasesthatsurroundstheearth大气；空气thefeelingormoodthatyouhaveinaparticularplaceorsituation风格；基调；气氛【例句】There’sstillanatmosphereofgreathostilityandtensioninthecity.强烈的敌对和紧张气氛依然笼罩着这座城市。Marshasaninsubstantialatmosphere,consistingalmostentirelyofcarbondioxide.火星的大气层极其稀薄，几乎全部由二氧化碳构成。【词义辨析】gas，atmosphere，airgas指气态物，尤指供燃烧取暖或照明的气体；atmosphere指围绕有的星球的空气，也可指环境气氛；air指空气，也泛指一般气体。atmosphere

/ˈætməsfɪə/VocabularyLearning—confused【释义】adj.unabletothinkclearlyortounderstandwhatishappeningorwhatsb.issaying困惑的【例句】Peopleareconfusedaboutallthedifferentlabelsonfoodthesedays.人们如今被那些五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。Hewasdepressedandinaconfusedstateofmind.他感到沮丧，心里充满了迷惑。Thechildrengaveaconfusedaccountofwhathadhappened.孩子们把发生的事说得颠三倒四的。【同根词】confusionn.困惑【语法填空】①Therewasa_________lookonhisfacewhenhemetwitha__________problem.(confuse)②Somethingunexpectedthrowsmyparents’routineinto__________,whichtheyhavetodealwith.(confuse)confused/kənˈfjuːzd/confusedconfusingconfusionVocabularyLearning—consume【释义】v.tousesomething,especiallyfuel,energyortime消耗；toeatordrinksomething吃，喝【例句】Formostofhumanhistory,peoplehadtoconsumealotofenergytogetfood.回顾人类历史，大多数时间人类都需要消耗大量能量去获取食物。【词语辨析】have,swallow,eat,consume这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：have可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作；swallow主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃；eat普通用词，使用广泛，既可用于人，也可用于动物；consume侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。consume/kənˈsjuːm/VocabularyLearning—convinced【释义】pletelysureaboutsth.确信的believingstronglyinaparticularreligionorsetofpoliticalideas有坚定信仰的【例句】Mollyagreed,butshedidnotsoundveryconvinced.莫莉同意了，但她听起来并不十分信服。Iwasconvincedthatweweredoingtherightthing.我确信我们做的是对的。I’m

still

not

totally

convinced

that

he

knows

what

he’s

doing.我仍然不完全相信他明白自己在干什么。【同根词】convincevt.使信服【常用搭配】[beconvincedof]Researchersareconvincedofageneticcauseforthedisease.研究人员确信这种疾病是由基因引起的。convinced/ˈkənˈvɪnst/VocabularyLearning—demand【释义】n.aninsistentandperemptoryrequest,madeasofright;thedesireofpurchasers,consumers,clients,employers,etc.foraparticularcommodity,service,orotheritem要求；需求vt.averyfirmrequestforsth;sththatsbneeds强烈要求；需要vi.askauthoritativelyorbrusquely查问【例句】

Flyingmakesenormousdemandsonpilots.驾驶飞机对飞行员要求很高。Thissportdemandsbothspeedandstrength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。【常用搭配】[+for]There’sanincreaseddemandfororganicproducethesedays.目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。demand/dɪˈmɑːnd/

VocabularyLearning—embarrassed【释义】adj.shy,awkwardorashamed,especiallyinasocialsituation（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的【例句】I’veneverfeltsoembarrassedinmylife!我一生中从未感到如此难堪过！Heisembarrassedbecausehemadeamistake.他因为弄错而显得很窘。【同根词】embarrassv.使尴尬；embarrassingadj.令人难堪的；embarrassmentn.尴尬，难堪【常用搭配】[beembarrassedabout]Iwasembarrassedaboutforgettinghisname.我把他的名字忘了，感到尴尬。【近义词】awkwardadj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的embarrassed/ɪmˈbærəst/VocabularyLearning—encounter【释义】v.tomeetsb.,ordiscoverorexperiencesth.,especiallysb./sth.new,unusualorunexpected偶然碰到，意外遇见；toexperiencesth.,especiallysth.unpleasantordifficult遭遇，遇到（令人不快或困难的事）n.acasualmeetingwithapersonorthing相遇，邂逅，遭遇【例句】Onherwayhomesheencounteredanoldfriend.在回家的路上，她偶遇了一个老朋友。Afortunateencounterbroughtustogether.一次幸运的邂逅使我们相识。【词语辨析】encounter,meet,contactencounter通常指遇到困难或挫折，也指偶然或意外地相遇；meet普通用词，本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反方向作向对运动，最终相碰（遇）；contact多指通过书信、电话或直接会面和别人联系。encounter/ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/VocabularyLearning—examine【释义】v.tolookatsth./sb.closelytoseeifthereisanythingwrongortofindthecauseofaproblem检查（身体）【例句】Thedoctorexaminedherbutcouldfindnothingwrong.医生给她作了检查，但没发现什么问题。Heexaminedherpassportandstampedit.他仔细检查了她的护照，然后在上面盖了章。【同根词】examinationn.考试；检查【词语辨析】examine,scan,investigate这组词都有“调查、检查”的意思，其区别是：examine最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等；scan原义是仔细地检查分析，现用于指浏览；investigate指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。examine/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/VocabularyLearning—faithful【释义】adj.stayingwithorsupportingaparticularperson,organizationorbelief忠实的；忠诚的【例句】Shewasrewardedforher40years’faithfulservicewiththecompany.她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。Ihavebeenafaithfulreaderofyournewspaperformanyyears.我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。【同根词】faithn.

信任，信心faithfullyadv.忠实地，忠诚地【常用搭配】[befaithfultosb./sth.]DoyouthinkBob’salwaysbeenfaithfultoyou?你认为鲍勃一直对你忠诚吗?faithful/ˈfeɪθfl/VocabularyLearning—fortunate【释义】adj.someonewhoisfortunatehassomethinggoodhappentothem,orisinagoodsituation幸运的【例句】Hewasextremelyfortunatetosurvive.他极为幸运地活了下来。Rememberthoselessfortunatethanyourselves.要记住那些不如你们幸运的人。【常用搭配】[+todosth.]IwasfortunateenoughtofindacareerthatIlove.我很幸运，找到了自己喜欢的职业。[+indoingsth.]Iwasfortunate

inhavingagoodteacher.我很幸运有位好老师。【记忆】fortune运气+-ate形容词结尾→好运的fortunate

/ˈfɔːtʃənət/VocabularyLearning—humour【释义】n.theabilitytolaughatthingsthatareamusing幽默；幽默感【例句】Thisisafilmfullofhumour.这是一部很幽默的电影。Hecouldn’tseethehumourinthesituation.他领会不到这种情景的幽默所在。【近义词】amusementn.乐趣，娱乐；funn.玩笑，乐趣【同根词】humorousadj.幽默的【常用搭配】[senseofhumour]TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenseofhumour.英国人有一种奇妙的幽默感。humour/ˈhjuːmə/VocabularyLearning—innocently【释义】adv.Ifyousaythatsomeonedoesorsayssomething

innocently,youmeanthattheyarepretendingnottoknowsomethingaboutasituation.装作若无其事地；无辜地【例句】I

caught

Chrissie’s

eye,

but

she

only

smiled

back

at

me

innocently.我与克丽茜对视了一眼，但她只是一脸天真地对我微笑。“Any

chance

you’d

be

heading

out

that

way

again,

soon?”I

askedinnocently.

“你很快会再往那边去吗？”我故作不知地问道。【同根词】innocentadj.天真的，无辜的innocencen.天真，无辜【语法填空】Childrenare_________;asafutureteacherIhaveachildlike_________andIwillreallylovethem.(innocent)innocently/ˈɪnəsntli/innocentinnocenceVocabularyLearning—interact【释义】v.tocommunicatewithsb,especiallywhileyouwork,playorspendtimewiththem交流，沟通ifonethinginteractswithanother,oriftwothingsinteract,thetwothingshaveaneffectoneachother相互作用【例句】Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。Perfumeinteractswiththeskin’snaturalchemicals.香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。【同根词】interactionn.相互影响【常用搭配】[interactwith]Theimmunesysteminteractswithboththenervoussystemandthehormones.免疫系统与神经系统及荷尔蒙相互影响。interact/ˌɪntərˈækt/VocabularyLearning—interaction【释义】n.akindofactionthatoccursastwoormoreobjectshaveaneffectupononeanother交流，互动【例句】Peoplegetjobsatisfactionfromdifferentfactors,suchassocialinteractionwithcolleagues.人们从工作中得到不同方面的满足，比如同事之间的相互交流。【同根词】interactv.互动，相互作用；interactiveadj.交互的，互动的【常用搭配】[interactionbetween]Thereisaneedformoreinteraction

betweenteachersandstudents.老师与学生之间需要更多的交流。interaction/ˌɪntərˈækʃ(ə)n/VocabularyLearning—obtain【释义】v.togetsomething,especiallybymakinganeffort获得，得到【例句】Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。Youcanalsoobtainknowledgethroughpractice.你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。【近义词】acquirev.

获得【词汇辨析】acquire,obtain,get,achieve,gainacquire指通过本身的努力逐渐获得知识、能力和荣誉等。obtain多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。get用得最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西。achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利，成功，强调“得到”这一结果。gain多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。obtain/əbˈteɪn/VocabularyLearning—potential【释义】adj.possiblewhenthenecessaryconditionsexist潜在的n.someone’sorsomething’sabilitytodevelop,achieve,orsucceed潜力，潜能【例句】Manypotentialcustomersarewaitingforafallinpricesbeforebuying.很多潜在的顾客都在等着降价再购买。Youhavethepotentialtoreachthetopofyourprofession.你有潜力达到事业的顶峰。【常用搭配】[+forsth.]Theregionhasenormouspotential

foreconomicdevelopment.该地区经济发展潜力巨大。【同根词】potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地potential/pəˈtenʃəl/VocabularyLearning—pretend【释义】vi.&vt.tobehaveinaparticularway,inordertomakeotherpeoplebelievesththatisnottrue假装；装扮【例句】Wereyoujustpretendingtobeinterested?你只是假装感兴趣吗？Let’spretendthatwe’reastronauts.咱们装扮成太空人吧。【常用搭配】[+todosth.]Bobpretendedtobeasleep.鲍勃假装自己睡着了。[+that]Wepretendedthatnothinghadhappened.我们假装什么事情也没发生。pretend/prɪˈtend/VocabularyLearning—purely【释义】pletelyandonly完全地；纯粹地；仅仅【例句】Isawtheletterpurelybychance.我看见这封信纯属偶然。Thecharityisrunonapurelyvoluntarybasis.这个慈善团体的工作人员完全是自愿性质的。Itwillbeapurelyeducationalorganization.那将是一个纯粹的教育机构。【同根词】pureadj.

干净的；纯粹的【同义词】merelyadv.

仅仅entirelyadv.

完全地【语法填空】Ashereachedthewall,hesawamagnificentgateinthearch,andthestreetthatledtothegatewas__________madeofgold.purely/ˈpjʊəli/purelyVocabularyLearning—rarely【释义】adv.notveryoften很少；难得【例句】Sheisrarelyseeninpublicnowadays.如今她很少公开露面。Werarelyagreeonwhattodo.我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。This

disease

is

rarely

transferred

from

mother

to