【知识解析】Unit 1 Vocabulary Learning（市一等奖）

VocabularyLearning—criticise【释义】v.tosaywhatyoudonotlikeorthinkiswrongaboutsb./sth.批评，指责；tojudgethegoodandbadqualitiesofsth.评论，评价【例句】Hisworkhasbeencriticised.他的作品受到了批评。Wouldyouliketoreadandcriticisemynewbook?您愿不愿意读我的新书并评论它一下？【同根词】criticaladj.批评的；关键的；危急的criticismn.批评；评论criticn.评论家，批评家【常用搭配】[becriticisedfor]Shewascriticisedforbeinglate.她因迟到而受到批评。criticise/ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/VocabularyLearning—decline【释义】n.acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber,value,quality,etc.ofsth.（数量、价值、质量等的）减少，下降，衰落，衰退v.tobecomesmaller,fewer,weaker,etc.减少，下降，衰弱；torefusepolitelytoacceptortodosth.谢绝【例句】Thereisasharpdeclineinunemployment.失业率明显下跌了。Theboydeclinedtoansweraquestion.那男孩拒绝回答问题。【常用搭配】[onthedecline]Thepopulationisonthedecline.人口正在减少。【词语辨析】deny,declinedeny指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。decline/dɪˈklaɪn/VocabularyLearning—emerge【释义】v.tocomeoutofadark,confinedorhiddenplace（从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现，露出；tobecomeknown暴露，露出真相，被知晓【例句】Awonderfulideaemergedinmymind.我的脑海里浮现出一个极妙的想法。Thetruthemergedatlast.真相终于大白了。【同根词】emergingadj.新兴的emergencen.出现，兴起【常用搭配】[Itemergedthat…]Itemergedthattheydidn’tagreewitheachother.这暴露出他们意见不一致。emerge/ɪˈmɜːdʒ/VocabularyLearning—exhibition【释义】n.theactofshowingsth.,forexampleworksofart,tothepublic展览，展出；theactofshowingaskill,afeeling,orakindofbehaviour（技能、感情、行为等的）表现，显示，表演【例句】Sherefusedtoallowtheexhibitionofherhusband’swork.她拒不允许展出她丈夫的作品。Thequizwasagoodopportunityfortheexhibitionofhisknowledge.这次测验是他展示知识的好机会。【同根词】exhibitv.展览，展出【词语辨析】show,exhibition,fairshow指艺术品、产品或商品等的任何形式的公开展览。exhibition一般指较正规的展览会。fair侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会。exhibition/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/VocabularyLearning—expansion【释义】adj.anactofincreasingormakingsth.increaseinsize,amountorimportance扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀【例句】Thefutureexpansionofthebusinesscallsfortwonewfactories.将来业务扩大需要新建两个工厂。Heatcausestheexpansionofgases.热使气体膨胀。【同根词】expandv.扩大，膨胀；发展【拓展】以-sion结尾的名词，许多是由-d、-de、-mit、-t结尾的动词派生出来，表示“行为的过程，结果，情况，性质，状况”。decidev.决定decisionn.决定invadev.侵略，侵犯invasionn.侵略，侵犯emitv.发出，散发emissionn.发出，排放expansion/ɪkˈspænʃn/VocabularyLearning—fond【释义】adj.findingsth.pleasantorenjoyable,especiallysth.youhavelikedorenjoyedforalongtime喜爱的【例句】IamveryfondofMichael.我很喜欢迈克尔。Somepeoplearenotsofondofpizza.有些人不那么喜爱吃比萨。【近义词】favoriteadj.喜爱的，喜欢的【同根词】fondnessn.

爱好，喜爱【常用搭配】[befondof…]Weareallextremelyfondofher.我们大家都非常喜欢她。fond/fɒnd/VocabularyLearning—inparticular【基本用法】Inparticular=particularly，意思是“尤其，特别”。Helovesreading,sciencefictioninparticular.他喜欢看书，尤其喜欢看科幻小说。Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular?你在找什么特别的东西吗？Shelovesallsports,swimminginparticular.她喜爱各种运动，尤其是游泳。inparticular尤其，特别【拓展】especially与inparticular的含义相近，意思是“尤其，非常”，其后接名词、介词短语、从句等。Helikesthecountryside,especiallyinspring.他喜欢乡村，尤其是在春天。Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyou’retryingtosleep.噪音是令人不愉快的，尤其是当你想入睡的时候。VocabularyLearning—investment【释义】n.theactofinvestingmoneyinsth.投资；themoneythatyouinvest,orthethingthatyouinvestin投资额，投资物；theactofgivingtimeorefforttoaparticulartaskinordertomakeitsuccessful（时间、精力的）投入【例句】Thiscountryneedsinvestmentineducation.这个国家需要对教育进行投资。Iworryaboutthisbiginvestmentoftimenotworking.我担心这么多的时间投入不起作用。【同根词】investv.投资；投入investorn.投资者【常用搭配】[foreigninvestment]Theyshouldattractforeigninvestment.他们应吸引外资。investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/VocabularyLearning—memorial【释义】n.astatue,stone,etc.thatisbuiltinordertoremindpeopleofanimportantpasteventorofafamouspersonwhohasdied纪念碑（或像等）；athingthatwillcontinuetoremindpeopleofsb./sth.纪念物，纪念品adj.createdordoneinordertoremembersb.whohasdied纪念的，悼念的【例句】Thismemorialcommemoratesthosewhodiedinthewar.这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的。Thememorialservicewillbeheldatalocalchurch.悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。【同根词】memoryn.记忆memorisev.记住，记忆【近义词】monumentn.纪念碑memorial/məˈmɔːriəl/VocabularyLearning—permanent【释义】adj.lastingforalongtimeorforalltimeinthefutureandexistingallthetime永久的，永恒的，长久的【例句】Heisoneofourpermanentemployees.他是我们的永久雇员之一。Theaccidenthasnotdoneanypermanentdamage.那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。【同根词】permanentlyadv.永久地【词语辨析】permanent,endless,eternal这组词都有“持久的，永久的”的意思，其区别是：permanent指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。endless系日常用词，指无尽无休。eternal语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。permanent/ˈpɜːmənənt/VocabularyLearning—precisely【释义】adv.accuratelyandexactly精确地，准确地【例句】It’snotclearpreciselyhowtheaccidenthappened.不是很清楚事故究竟是怎么发生的。Thefirstbellrangatprecisely10:30a.m.第一遍铃声在上午10:30准时响起。【同根词】preciseadj.精确的，准确的precisionn.准确性【近义词】accuratelyadv.精确地，准确地【常用搭配】[preciselyspeaking]Preciselyspeaking,itisnotthatwefailandgiveup,butwegiveup,andfail.确切地说，我们不是因为失败而放弃，而是因为放弃而失败。precisely/prɪˈsaɪsli/VocabularyLearning—purchase【释义】vt.tobuysth.买，购买n.theactorprocessofbuyingsth.购买，采购；somethingthatyouhavebought购买的东西【例句】Wepurchasedacarbefore.以前我们买过一辆车。Goodsareopentofreepurchase.商品可以自由采购。【同根词】purchasern.买方，购买者【词语辨析】buy,purchase这组词都有“购买”的意思，其区别是：buy普通日常用词，既可指日常随意购物也可指大量购买。purchase正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西，无感情色彩，强调物品的购得。purchase/ˈpɜːtʃəs/VocabularyLearning—rank【释义】n.thepositionthatsb.hasinaparticularorganization,society,etc.地位，级别；alineorrowofpeopleorthings排，行，列v.togivesb./sth.aparticularpositiononascaleaccordingtoquality,importance,success,etc.把……分等级；toarrangeobjectsinalineorrow排列，使排成行【例句】HeishigherinrankthanIam.他的地位比我高。Theteacherrankedthestudentsaccordingtotheirgrades.老师根据学生的成绩把学生分等。【同根词】rankingn.排名【常用搭配】[firstrank]Sheisaphysicistofthefirstrank.她是一位一流的物理学家。rank/ræŋk/VocabularyLearning—realistic【释义】adj.acceptinginasensiblewaywhatitisactuallypossibletodoorachieveinaparticularsituation现实的，实际的；representingthingsastheyareinreallife逼真的【例句】Weshouldencouragepupilstosetrealisticgoals.我们要鼓励学生设定现实的目标。Itisarealisticpainting.这是一幅写实派油画。【同根词】realadj.真实的，真正的；realismn.逼真，现实主义realistn.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者【常用搭配】[berealisticabout]Wehavetoberealisticaboutourchancesofwinning.我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。realistic/ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/VocabularyLearning—recognition【释义】n.agreementthatsomethingistrueorlegal承认，认可Ifyouaregivenrecognition,peopleshowadmirationandrespectforyourachievements赏识，赞赏【例句】It’sanewcountry,hopingfordiplomaticrecognitionfromtheinternationalcommunity.这是个新国家，希望在外交上得到国际社会的承认。Atlast,herfather’sworkhasreceivedpopularrecognition.最终，她父亲的工作得到了大家的普遍赞赏。【常用搭配】[in+…ofsth.]Hewaspresentedwithagoldwatchinrecognitionofhisyearsasclubsecretary.俱乐部赠予他一块金表，以感谢他多年作为俱乐部干事所付出的心血。recognition/rɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/VocabularyLearning—representative【释义】adj.typicalofaparticulargroupofpeople典型的，有代表性的n.apersonwhohasbeenchosentospeakorvoteforsb.elseoronbehalfofagroup代表【例句】Areyouropinionsrepresentativeoftheotherstudents?你的意见是否代表其他学生的意见？Thetigerisarepresentativeofthecatfamily.老虎是猫科动物的典型。【同根词】representv.代表；象征【词语辨析】representative,agent这组词都有“代表、代理人”的意思，其区别是：representative一般指被选举或委派代表某人或一些人或某个较大团体的人，其职务有时是较长期的。agent普通用词，通常指经授权代理另一个人或团体，或指在双方之间代表一方起中间作用的人。representative/ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/VocabularyLearning—reputation【释义】n.theopinionthatpeoplehaveaboutwhatsb./sth.islike,basedonwhathashappenedinthepast名誉，名声【例句】Thiscollegehasagoodacademicreputation.这所大学拥有良好的学术声誉。Hewasanxioustopreservehisreputation.他急于维护自己的名声。【词语辨析】honour,glory,reputation这组词都有“名声，名誉”的意思，其区别是：honour侧重指因高尚的举止，忠心或诚实而受到公众钦佩和崇敬，得到好名声和荣誉。glory指因功绩卓著而获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。reputation通常指熟悉某人或某地的人对该人、该地的看法，可好可坏。reputation/ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/VocabularyLearning—subsequent【释义】adj.happeningorcomingaftersth.else随后的，后来的，之后的【例句】Subsequenteventsconfirmedourdoubts.后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。Subsequentstudieshavecomeupwithsimilarresults.随后的研究也得出了类似的结果。【同根词】subsequentlyadv.随后，后来【近义词】lateradj.后来的，以后的【常用搭配】[subsequentevents]SubsequenteventsshowedthatIwasright.后来发生的事证明我是对的。subsequent/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/VocabularyLearning—visual【释义】adj.oforco