强化段写作课时全程讲义

Task2题型介 Task2写作步 Task1图表作 Task1写作要 Task1写作步 Task2Thereisatendencythatnewsreportsinthemediafocusonproblemsandemergenciesratherthanpositivedevelopments,whichisharmfultotheindividualandtosociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeor ernmentsshouldgivefinancialsupporttoartprojectssuchastheatersandmuseums,whileotherssuggestthatthemoneyshouldbespentonhealthcareandeducation.DiscussbothviewsandgiveyourownInthefuture,therewillbeahigherproportionofelderlypeoplethanyoungerpeopleinmanyDoyouthinktheadvantagesoutweightheInmostcitiesandtowns,thehighvolumesofroadtraffichave eaproblem.Whatarethecausesofthatandwhatactionscouldbetakentosolvethis7Addressesallpartsofthe throughouttheresponsePresents,extendsandsupportsmainideas informationandideasUsesarangeofcohesivedevicesappropriayPresentsaclearcentraltopicwithineachparagraphLexicalandAccuracy7UsesasufficientrangeofvocabularytoallowsomeflexibilityandprecisionUseslesscommonlexicalitemswithsomeawarenessofstyleandcollocationUsesavarietyofcomplexProducesfrequenterror-HasgoodcontrolofgrrandpunctuationTask2（题材+题型Thereisatendencythatnewsreportsinthemediafocusonproblemsandemergenciesratherthanpositivedevelopment,whichisharmfultotheindividualandtosociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeor (2012-04-14 社会问题/紧急情况有害引起 社会问题/紧急情况有益TrafficandhousingproblemsinmajorcitieswouldbesolvedbymovingbigfactoriesandtheiremployeestotheDoyouagreeorInmajorcities,problemswithtransportationandlivingconditionsareproblemsmostpeoplehavetofaceeveryday.Somepeopleholdthattheprincipalreasonfortheseproblemslieswiththebigcompaniesandfactorieslocatedinthecityproper.Theybelievethatthesecompanies,factoriesandeventheiremployeesshouldbemovedtothecountryside.Thisisnotasatisfactorysolution,Likeanyoneelse,peopleengagedbybigcompaniesandfactoriesdocausesometrafficjamsiftheydrivecarsontheirwaytoandfromwork,andsomeofthemalsohavedifficultyfindinganidealhousetodwellin.Greatasthenumberofsuchemployeesis,theyonlyconstituteasmallproportionoftheentirepopulation,whichconsistsofmorepeoplelivinginthecitiesandworkinginothersectors,suchassmallfirmsandschools.Inconsequence,movingthoseinbigcompaniesandfactoriestothecountrysidemayeasethetransportationandlivingconditionstoacertainextent,butitwillnotleadtoaradicalchangeofthealready-existingsituation.Moreover,therealcauseoftrafficandhousingproblemsisthattheinfrastructureatthemomentcannotmeetthedemandoftherapiddevelopmentofthecities.Movingcompaniesandemployeesoutonlybringsaboutatemporarysolution,butdoesnotaffectalong-lastingcure.Policiesshouldbemadetoallowmoreroads,overpasses,andskyscraperstobebuiltsoasto modatetheincreasingnumberofautosandcitizens.Inconclusion,actionstoimplementtheimprovementofthecurrenttrafficandhousingproblemsshouldawaittheparticipationofernments,bigandsmallcompaniesandfactories,andpeoplefromallwalksofliferatherthanthatofasmallproportionofernmentsshouldgivefinancialsupporttoartprojectssuchastheatersandmuseums,whileotherssuggestthatthemoneyshouldbespentonhealthcareandeducation.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.（2012-05-SupportartSupporthealthcareandSuccessfulsportsprofessionalscanearnagreatdealmoremoneythanpeopleinotherimportantprofessions.Somepeoplethinkthisisfullyjustifiedwhileothersthinkitisunfair.DiscussbothviewsandgiveyourownAsaresultofconstantmediaattention,sportsprofessionalsinmycountryhaveestarsandcelebrities,andthoseatthetoparepaidhugesalaries.Justlikestars,theyliveextravagantlifestyleswithhugehousesandManypeoplefindtheirrewardsunfair,especiallywhencomparingthesesupersalarieswiththoseoftopsurgeonsorresearchscientists,orevenleadingpoliticianswhohavetheresponsibilityoferningthecountry.However,sportssalariesarenotdeterminedbyconsideringthecontributiontosocietya makes,orthelevelofresponsibilityheorsheholds.Instead,theyreflectthepublicpopularityofsportingeneralandthelevelofpublicsupportthatsuccessfulstarscangenerate.Sothenotionof‘fairness’isnottheissue.Thosewhofeelthatsportsstars’salariesarejustifiedmightarguethatthenumberofprofessionalswithrealtalentisveryfew,andthemoneyisarecognitionoftheskillsanddedicationa needstobesuccessful.Competitionisconstantandayeristestedeverytimetheyperformintheirrelativelyshortcareer.Thepressurefromthemediaisintenseandthereislittleprivacyoutofthespotlight.Soallofthesefactorsmayjustifythehugeearnings.ally,Ithinkthattheamountofmoneysuchsportsstarsmakeismorejustifiedthanthehugeearningsofmoviestars,butatthesametime,itindicatesthatoursocietycesmorevalueonsportthanonmoreessentialprofessionsandachievements.Inmajorcities,problemswithtransportationandlivingconditionsareproblemsmostpeoplehavetofaceeveryday.Somepeopleholdthattheprincipalreasonfortheseproblemslieswiththebigcompaniesandfactorieslocatedinthecityproper.Theybelievethatthesecompanies,factoriesandeventheiremployeesshouldbemovedtothecountryside.Thisisnotasatisfactorysolution,Acriticismoftenheardthesedaysisthatthesubjectstaughtinschoolstendtobetooacademic,andcontributelittletopreparingayoung forthereal-lifetasks.Theysaythatacademicsubjectsarerootedinthepast,andarenotusefulforsolvingmodernproblems.IdisagreewiththispointofviewforthreeThereisatendencythatnewsreportsinthemediafocusonproblemsandemergenciesratherthanpositivedevelopment,whichisharmfultotheindividualandtosociety.Formanypeople,newsisaregularpartoflife,buttoday,itisimportanttonotethatcontentofdifferentnewsincludingnational,local,politicsandtrafficnewstendstobefullofnegativeinformationinsteadofpositiveprogress.Ithasbeenarguedthatnewsreportsaboutsocialproblemsandemergenciesshouldbeminimizedorevenrestricted.IagreeonthissuggestionbasedonthefollowingFromthetimetheyarelittlegirls,femaleslearnaboutFirstwithdollsandlaterperhapswithyoungerbrothersandsisters,girlsaregiventheroleofcareer.Girlsseetheirmothersinthesamerolesandsoitisnaturalthattheyidentifythisasafemaleactivity.Boys,incontrast,learncompetitiverolefarremovedfromwhatitmeanstonurture.Whileboysmaydreamofadventures,girlsconditioningmeanstheytendtoseethefutureintermsofraisingfamilies.Inaddition,weneedn’tdirectlyassociateclotheswithourcultural’sgloriouscivilizationcanbeillustratedinmanydifferentways,andsomeofthemarevanishing.Forexample,inordertimes,theSpringFestivalwasalways paniedbythesoundoffirecrackers.Butnow,manycitieshavebannedthem.Tradition,includingclothing,ischanging.IndividualsaremorelikelytobepessimisticwhentheyfrequentlyreceivenegativeNewsreportconcerningemergencyandseveresocialproblemswillinevitablygiverisetopanicandnegativeattitude;becausetheyareanxiousaboutthepossibilitiesthatsimilareventsmayappeararoundthem,whichhaveharmfuleffectsontheirnormallife.Forexample,whencitizenssawthousandsofcrocodilesleavetheirheadsawaythewater,theyconcernaboutthepossibilityofearthquakesratherthanenjoyingtheirvacation,duetoarecentreportaboutminorearthquakeinnewsprograms.Allinall/tosumToeliminatepossibleandunnecessarypaniccausedandaddressthedeficiencyofpositiveattitudetowardsfuturedevelopment,evisionandradioprogramsshouldlaymoreemphasisonspreadinggoodInthefuture,therewillbeahigherproportionofelderlypeoplethanyoungerpeopleinmanycountries.Doyouthinktheadvantagesoutweighthe ManypeopleargueernmentbudgetshouldbeallocatedtoEverybodyneedssomebeautyintheirlife,butnoteveryonecanaffordaPicassoorapieceofmusic,soernmentsshouldprovidemoneyformuseumsorconcerthallstoHowever,artprojectsaremorelikelytoattracttheinvestmentoftheprivatesectorsandsshouldrealizeifthereisademandfortheirmusicorsculpture,thentheywillbewealthy.Therefore,financialsupportsfromernmentsseemunnecessaryandshouldbeputintomoreimportantprojects.ernmentinterferenceineducationandmedicalservicesishighlyProvidingsufficienteducationopportunitiesandeliminatingillicycanallowcitizenstohuntajobandearnregular e,therebyimprovingtheirstandardoflivingandshakingoffpoverty.Foracountryasawhole,educationislinkedtoskilledworkandtohighproductivity,affectingbothprosperityandstability.Inaddition,accesstohealthcareisabasichumanrightandameasuretoensureadecentstandardofliving.Peoplefeelassuredlivingandworkinginacountrywheretheycanbegivenmedicalservicewhenunemployed,sick,injuredorretired,soofferingtheneedypeoplewithaffordablemedicalserviceisthefulfillmentoftheernment’sresponsibilitytoitsmembersandcanmakeernmentwintheloyaltyofcitizens. Alargenumberofyoungpeoplecannotfindajobwhentheyleaveuniversity.Whatarethemaincausesofthisproblem?Givesomemeasurestohelpreduce Nowadaysweareproducingmoreandmorerubbish.Whydoyouthinkthisishappening?What ernmentsdotohelpreducetheamountofrubbishIthinkitistruethatinalmosteverycountrytodayeachhouseholdandfamilyproducesalargeamountofwasteeveryweek.Mostofthisrubbishcomesfromthepackagingfromthethingswebuy,suchasprocessedfood.Butevenifwebuyfreshfoodwithoutpackaging,westillproducerubbishfromthesticbagsusedeverywheretocarryshophome.Thereasonwhywehavesomuchpackagingisthatweconsumesomuchmoreonadailybasisthanfamiliesdidinthepast.Convenienceisalsoveryimportantinmodernlife,sowebuypackagedorcannedfoodthatwecanbetransportedfromlongdistancesandstoreduntilweneedit,firstinthesupermarket,andthenathome.However,Ithinktheamountofwasteproducedisalsoaresultofourtendencytousesomethingonceandthrowitaway.Weforgetthateventhecheapeststicbaghasusedupvaluableresourcesandenergytoproduce.Wealsoforgetthatitisasourceofpollutionanddifficulttodisposeof.Ithink,therefore,thaternmentsneedtoraisethisawarenessinthegeneralpublic.Childrencanbeeducatedaboutenvironmentalissuesatschool,butadultsneedtotakeactions.ernmentscanencouragesuchactionbyputtingtaxesonpackaging,suchassticbags,byprovidingrecyclingservicesandbyfininghouseholdsandshopsthatdonotattempttorecycletheirwaste.Withthepoliticalwill,suchmeasurescouldreallyreducetheamountofrubbishweproduce.Certainlynobodywantstoseeourresourcesusedupandournetpoisonedbywaste. Theyoungadults’unemploymentisatroublingissuepreoccupyingmanyernmentsacrosstheworld.Agrowingnumberofuniversitygraduatescominaboutthedifficultiesinjobhunting.Apartfromeconomicrecession,therearesomeothersthatfostertheconsistencyofyoungadults’unemployment.ThisessaywillpresentanoverallviewofthesecausesandfeasibleThemaincauseofrisingunemploymentamonguniversitygraduatesistheirdeficiencyofworkexperienceandqualifications.Afterleavingcollege,youngjobseekersgenerallyhavelittlepracticalexperience.Besides,mostoftheknowledgetheyhaveacquiredisfromtext,whichisnotsatisfactorilyconsistentwiththegeneralpracticeintheworkce.Thisweaknesscanbefatalatatimewhenthemarkethasastrongpreferenceonskilledandexperiencedapplicants,whoarereadytofillvacancieswithoutrequiringanyjobSecondly,youngadultsknowlittleofthesituationofthelabourmarket.Tacklingthisproblemrequiresthecommitmentofbothsocietyandyoungsters ernmentcanprovideemployerswithtaxationincentivesforrecruitingyoungLow-costcourses,especiallyjobtrainingcourses,shouldbemadeavailablefortheyoungunemployed.Consultancyservicescanbeprovided ofcharge,givingyoungstersinstructiononjob-seekingandhelthemmakeproperadjustmentfromuniversitytowork.Assuggestedabove,thisisacomplexproblem,andlackofworkexperienceandinappropriateattitudestowardemploymentaretwomainreasonsthataccountforyoungsters’unemployment.However,Iamconvincedthatthestepsmentionedabovewouldbehelpful.Task1Task1Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.Task17Presentsaclearoverviewofmaintrends,differencesorClearlypresentsandhighlightskey6Presentsandadequayhighlightskey5Recountsdetailmechanicallywithnoclearoverview;theremaybenodatatosupportthedescriptionPresents,butinadequaycoverskeyThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedper perweek.Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarties(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams)However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximay100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemostTheconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperOverall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.60%ofmoneyisspentonThereis60%ofmoneyspentonThepercentageofmoneyspentonrentisaboutMoneyspentonrentaccountsfor60%ofoccupy,constitute,takeup,makeAccordingtothepiechart,morethanhalfofelectricityisusedforheatingroomsandwater(52.5%).Inmarkedcontrast,thepercentageofelectricityconsumedinovens,kettlesandwashingmachinesisonly17.5%,andtheelectricityusedforlighting,TVandradioaccountsfor15%collectively,whichisequaltotheconsumptionofotherhouseholddevices(vacuumcleaners,foodmixersandelectrictools). AismorethanTom’seyesarebiggerthanJerry’s.TheeyesofTomarebiggerthanAistwiceasmany/muchasB.ThenumberoffemaleswastwiceasmanyasthatofmalesinAccordingtothecharts,threetreatingmethodsaregenerallyappliedinbothKoreaandSweden.Specifically,nearly70%ofdangerouswasteisrecycledinRepublicofKorea,landfillisthemostwidelyusedtreatmentforhazardoustrashinSwedenThepercentageofwasteproductswhichareincineratedinSwedenisabouttwiceaslargeasthatinKorea(20%and9%respectively).Obviously,bothUnitedKingdomandSwedenaredependentonlandfillinthedisposalofhazardousproducts,whereastheproportionofwasterecyclingisthehighestinKorea.Thefirstgraphshowsthatthereisagradualdecreaseinstudyforcareerreasonswithage.(总趋势)Nearly80%ofstudentsunder26years,studyfortheircareer.Thispercentagegraduallydeclinesby10-20%everydecade.(起点+变化情况)Only40%of40-49yroldsand18%ofover49yroldsarestudyingforcareerreasonsinlateadulthood.(特殊点+终点)Conversely,thefirstgraphalsoshowsthatstudystemmingfrominterestincreaseswithage.(总趋势)Thereareonly10%ofunder26yroldsstudyingoutofinterest.Thepercentageincreasesslowlytillthebeginningofthe decade,andincreasesdramaticallyinlateadulthood.(起点+变化情况)Nearlysamenumberof40-49yroldsstudyforcareerandinterest特殊点However70%ofover49yroldsstudyforinterestincomparisonto18%studyingforcareerreasonsinthatagegroup.(终点)Thesecondgraphshowsthatemployersupportis um(approximay60%)fortheunder26yrstudents.Itdropsrapidlyto32%uptothethirddecadeoflife,andthenincreasesinlateadulthooduptoabout44%Itisunclearwhetheremployersupportisonlyforcareer-focusedstudy,butthehighestlevelisforthosestudentswhomainlystudyforcareerpurposes.Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationsinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999Thechartgivesinformationaboutpost-schoolqualificationsintermsofthedifferentlevelsoffurthereducationreachedbymenandwomeninAustraliain1999.WecanseeimmediaythatthereweresubstantialdifferencesintheproportionofandwomenatdifferentThebiggestgenderdifferenceisatthelowestpost-schoollevel,where90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.Bycontrast,morewomenheldundergraduatediploma(70%)andmarginallymorewomenreacheddegreelevel(55%).Atthehigherlevelsofeducation,menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%,respectively),andalsoconstituted60%ofMaster’sThuswecanseethatmorementhanwomenholdqualificationsatthelowerandhigherlevelsofeducations,whilemorewomenreachundergraduatediplomalevelthanmen.ThegenderdifferenceissmallestatthelevelofBachelor’sThebarchartshowswhattheUKstudentsdidaftergraduation(excludingfull-timeemployment)in2008.ThetablebelowgivesinformationabouttheundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixThetableshowsthedetailsregardingtheundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixcities.Londonhastheoldestundergroundrailwaysystemsamongthesixcities.Itwasopenedintheyear1863,anditisalready140yearsold.ThetubeinParisisthesecondoldest,andithasservedcitizenssince1900.ThiswasthenfollowedbytheopeningoftherailwaysystemsinTokyo,WashingtonDCandKyoto.LosAngelesdidnotconstructundergroundsystemsuntiltheyear2001.Intermsofthesizeoftherailwaysystems,London,forcertain,hasthelargestundergroundrailwaysystems.Ithas394kilometersofrouteintotal,whichisnearlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis.Kyoto,incontrast,hasthesmallestsystem.Itonlyhas11kilometersofroute,whichismorethan30timeslessthanthatofLondon.Interestingly,Tokyo,whichonlyhas155kilometersofroute,servesthegreatestnumberofpa